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Examples of possible exam questions with the book Cognitive Psychology by Groome
- What is being researched in cognitive psychology? - ExamTests 1
- What theories about perception exist? - ExamTests 2
- How does having, maintaining and distributing attention work? - ExamTests 3
- What forms of perception and attention disorders exist? - ExamTests 4
- What is known about the short-term memory? - ExamTests 5
- What is known about the long-term memory? - ExamTests 6
- What is amnesia and what forms of amnesia exist? - ExamTests 7
- What are developments around the issues of problem solving and reasoning? - ExamTests 8
- What are the possible consequences of injury to the frontal lobe? - ExamTests 9
- How does recognizing, understanding and speaking of language work? - ExamTests 10
- How can the ability to use language be affected? - ExamTests 11
What is being researched in cognitive psychology? - ExamTests 1
Multiple choice questions
Question 1
What do cognitive neuropsychologists conclude from the occurrence of a 'double dissociation' between two cognitive functions?
That the two functions are performed by the same brain structure
That the two functions are performed by the same brain structure, but by different parts of it
That the two functions are performed by two separate but dependent brain structures
That the two functions are performed by two separate and independently functioning brain structures
Question 2
Broadbent's model for visual attention contains a 'desicion channel' with a limited processing capacity. What inspired this idea of limited capacity?
The computer and telecommunication technology
Visual attention of animals
Filtering coffee
The memory card of a camera
Question 3
In which approach to cognitive psychology are individuals with brain damage studied?
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuropsychology
Experimental cognitive psychology
Question 4
What are the four phases of the cognitive process?
Perception, processing, retrieval and response
Perception, processing, retrieval and thinking
Perception, learning and memory storage, retrieval and response
Perception, learning and memory storage, retrieval and thinking
Question 5
What or where does the schema theory belong to?
Cognitive neuroscience
Experimental cognitive psychology
Computer modelling
Cognitive neuropsychology
Open questions
Question 1
What is the name of the approach in which cognitive processes are simulated using computers?
Answer indication MC questions
D
A
B
D
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
Computer modelling approach
What theories about perception exist? - ExamTests 2
MC questions
Question 1
What has Gestalt Psychology been particularly concerned with?
'Laws' in grouping elements in the visual field
'Laws' in grouping elements in the auditory field
'Laws' in grouping brain structures
'Laws' in grouping auditory and visual information
Question 2
The visual system in the brain has contains two 'flows' or 'streams': the dorsal and the ventral. What is probably the function of the dorsal flow or stream?
Recognizing objects
The perception of the visual world
Steering movement based on perception
None of the above
Question 3
The expression "perception lies in the brain or the perceiver" is most consistent with ...
The approach to low vision
The neuropsychological approach to visual perception
'The Gibsonian view' on visual perception
The constructivist theory of Richard Gregory and colleagues
Question 4
Richard Gregory distinguished between 3 types of visual illusions:
Physical phenomena, with as an example ...
Illusions due to physiological processes in the brain that are not influenced top-down, with as an example ...
Illusions due to top-down influence on perception, with as an example ...
What should be on the dotted lines?
1) Color after effect, 2) Mirage, 3) Muller-Lyer illusion
1) Mirage, 2) Hermann grid, 3) Ames chamber
1) Mirage, 2) Muller-Lyer illusion, 3) Hermann grid
1) Color after effect, 2) Ames chamber, 3) Hermann grid
Question 5
What does the "law of similarity" in Gestalt psychology state?
That "figure" and "background" are easier to separate as they resemble each other
That elements in the visual field can be grouped together based on common color or shape
That two stimuli that are equal are processed faster when they are presented together than when each stimulus is presented alone each
None of the above
Question 6
Combine the terms with the correct description:
1. Sensation | a. An internal schedule |
2. Illusion | b. A subjective experience of input from the senses |
3. Perception | c. When our perception does not match reality |
4. Template | d. The raw input coming from the senses |
Question 7
Which statements are true?
I. The ventral stream or flow is about the recognition of visual input
II. The dorsal stream or flow is about the recognition of visual input
III. The ventral stream or flow provides information that is needed to control visual behavior
IV. The dorsal stream or flow provides information to guide visual behavior
I and IV
II and III
All the statements are true
None of the above
Question 8
Which statements are true?
I. Parallel Distributed Processing models are also called neural network models
II. In these Parallel Distributed models, objects are represented by activating a pattern of multiple cells
I
II
Both statements are true
None of the statements is true
Open questions
Question 1
Which theory claims that there is an internal schema with which sensory information can be compared?
Answer indication MC questions
A
C
D
B
B
1D, 2C, 3B, 4A
A
C
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
The theory of Shephard and Metzler.
How does having, maintaining and distributing attention work? - ExamTests 3
MC questions
Question 1
What is NOT characteristic of 'automatic' (versus 'controlled') processing of stimuli?
Automatic processing is an unconscious process
Automatic processing can occur during reading
Automatic processing is serial
Automatic processing is not a part of the 'Stroop task'
Question 2
You are very 'in your mind' while preparing your breakfast and suddenly you notice that you are pouring Jus d'Orange on your plate instead of in your glass. This is a typical example of:
A lapse
Monotasking
A slip
The Feature Interogation Theory (FIT)
Question 3
Rate the following statements:
According to the 'late selection model' of Deutsch and Deutsch, selection only takes place at the level of the response
According to the 'early selection model' of Broadbent, selection takes place early on the base of mental characteristics
Which option is correct?
Stament I and II are both correct
Statement I is correct, statement II incorrect
Statement I is incorrect, statement II correct
Statement I and II are both incorrect
Question 4
In an experiment by Allport and colleagues, test subjects had to 'shadow' a story - which was offered to 1 ear -. At the same time, a list of words to remember was presented. The researchers found that the memory for that list of words was better with ... presentation, which proves the importance of ... in performing double tasks.
Visual, exercise
Visual, task similarity
Auditory, exercise
Auditory, task similarity
Question 5
Selective attention models proposed by Treisman, Broadbent and Deutsch & Deutsch differ in the extent to which irrelevant (ignored) information is processed to a meaningful (semantic) level. What is the correct order of the models, from little meaning processing to a lot of meaning processing?
Broadbent, Deutsch & Deutch, Treisman
Deutsch & Deutsch, Treisman, Broadbent
Broadbent, Treisman, Deutsch & Deutsch
Deutsch & Deutsch, Broadbent, Treisman
Question 6
Which statements are true?
I. Controlled processing is more flexible than automatic processing
II. Tasks become easier to combine when different sensory modalities are used
III. Tasks become easier to combine when the person performing the tasks has experience (expertise) with the task
I and II
II and III
I and III
All the statements are true
Question 7
The spotlight model states that visual attention can be focused on:
A specific location
A certain object
Question 8
Theories that are relevant to the "Bottleneck" of processing include:
The late selection model, Eriksen's processing model and Broadbent's Filter model
The late selection model, Eriksen's processing model and Treisman's attenuation model
The late selection model, Treisman's attenuation model and Broadbent's Filter model
Question 9
Combine the right phrases:
A. When something catches our attention | 1. We call this controlled attention | a. This is endogenous control |
B. When we focus our attention on something | 2. We call this stimulus driven attention | b. This is exogenous control |
Open questions
Question 1
What types of mistakes are there?
Answer indication MC questions
C
C
B
B
C
D
A
C
A2b; B1a
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
Slips and lapses.
What forms of perception and attention disorders exist? - ExamTests 4
MC questions
Question 1
What is the most important characteristic of apperceptive agnosia?
The patient is unable to replicate drawings
The patient has to deal with color blindness
The patient is unable to make drawings by heart
The patient experiences confusion when perceiving objects that are similar
Question 2
What is the most important characteristic of "form" agnosia (compared to "integrative" agnosia)?
In form agnosia there is also "unilateral neglect"
In form agnosia, the patient is unable to recognize objects visually and also unable to to recognize them after touching the object
In form agnosia, the patient is unable to replicate drawings
Form agnosia is primarily a disorder of the "true" system
Question 3
In "Synaesthesia" there is an association between, for example, numbers and colors. Which statement about this phenomenon is correct?
The color perception only occurs when the figure has actually been offered. Not when it is - for example - the result of an arithmetic operation (2 + 5 =).
The observed color with a number is the same for observers. For example, the number 7 is always associated with the color red.
The color is only perceived when there is a conscious sensation (and not with an accessible threshold of a figure).
An ambiguous stimulus (for example, a sign that can be read both as the number 5 and the letter S) always gives the same color sensation, independent of the interpretation of the observer.
Question 4
What explanation has NOT been provided for 'blindsight' over the years?
There is a system that focuses on locating an object in space and a second system focuses on its identification
Blindsight is the result of new connections between parts of the brain that have arisen after the damage occurred
Patients use a different (more 'primitive') route in the visual system
There is a primitive non-striate system that is sensitive to movement, and a more developed striate system that ensures conscious perception
Question 5
Synaesthesia is:
The inability to recognize faces
A neurological phenomenon in which 2 or more senses work together
An area where a person is blind to
Question 6
Make the right combinations:
1. Blind vision | a. Patients do see the object but are unable to recognize it |
2. Visual agnosia | b. Face blindness |
3. One-sided neglect | c. The patient can see well, but is not aware of objects or events on one side of the body |
4. Prosopagnosis | d. A person is blind in certain areas |
Open questions
Question 1
Genetic behavior can be divided in are "projectors", "perceptors" and "associators". Which of these 3 concepts does not belong in this statement?
Question 2
What is the cause of apperceptive agnosia?
Answer indication MC questions
A
C
C
B
B
1d, 2a, 3c, 4b
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
Perceptors.
Question 2
Bilateral brain abnormality.
What is known about the short-term memory? - ExamTests 5
MC questions
Question 1
Why is memory crucial for our functioning?
It is essential for the planning of behaviour
It influences social interaction and the related consequences
It helps when learning new routines and changing old routines
All of the above
Question 2
What is the best estimate of the memory capacity?
2 to 3 items
3 to 5 items
5 to 9 items
5 to 10 items
Question 3
In a test, the assignment is to complete the letters l-c-m-t-e into a complete word. The chance that this will succeed is greater if the word 'locomotive' has been read some time before. This is called the 'repetition-priming' effect. This chance is:
Independent of being able to remember or recognize the word
Independent of the presence of a visual stimulus
Regardless of the number of firing neurons in the brain
None of the above
Question 4
A test subject is offered three random characters for two seconds. Then he / she must first count down 20 seconds and then try to remember the characters. This is repeated a large number of times, always with different combinations of characters. How many characters are remembered on average?
Less than 1 on average
1 on average
2 on average
3 on average
Question 5
Which statements about the episodic buffer are true?
I. This loop provides a link between the main memory and the long-term memory.
II. This loop integrates information from different sensory modalities with each other.
III. This loop contains the visual cache and the inner scribe.
IV. This loop only has to do with the short-term memory.
Statement I and III
Statement I and II
Statement II and IV
Statement III and IV
Question 6
Combine the explanation to the corresponding components of the main memory:
1. Phonological loop | a. stores visual information |
2. Visuo-spatial sketchpad | b. controls both components |
3. Central executive | c. holds verbal information |
Open questions
Question 1
What does the dual-store theory entail?
Question 2
What is measured with the digit span?
Answer indication MC questions
D
C
A
C
B
1c, 2a, 3b
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
If one memory (LTM or STM) is damaged, the other memory (LTM or STM) continues to function.
Question 2
The digit span measures the largest number of digits that are presented that an individual can remember. This measures the (short term) memory capacity.
What is known about the long-term memory? - ExamTests 6
MC questions
Question 1
Why is memory crucial for our functioning?
It is essential for behavior planning
It influences social interaction and the associated consequences
It helps with learning new routines and changing old routines
All the above answers are correct
Question 2
Which statement / judgments is / are true?
I. The schema theory states that information is coded based on experiences.
II. Three phases can be distinguished in memory: Input, storage and output.
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
Statement I is true, statement II is not
Statement II is true, statement I is not
Question 3
Which of the examples below is an example of Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP)?
When you learn something in a quiet gym you are better able to retrieve information later when you are in a similar quiet gym
When you learn something, it is best to do this in a situation where you feel comfortable (such as in a quiet location)
If you want to retrieve information it is best to do this in a situation where you feel comfortable (for example in a quiet location)
Question 4
The Decay effect and the Interference effect are possible explanations for the following phenomenon:
Memories change
Memories disappear
The memory track is strengthened
Being able to retrieve information later
Question 5
Combine the types of memory that have to do with each other. And then combine the associated type of information to the episodic and semantic memory (so choose 1 concept from each column that fits into the series):
1. Episodic memory | a. Implicit memory | A. Recollection | General knowledge |
2. Semantic memory | b. Explicit memory | B. Familiarity judgments | Events from your own life |
Answer indication MC questions
D
A
A
B
1bA Events from your own life; 2aB General knowledge
What is amnesia and what forms of amnesia exist? - ExamTests 7
MC questions
Question 1
Characteristic of amnesia (amnestic syndrome) is:
Unable to name people and objects
The loss of episodic memory functions
Problems with remembering things from the distant past
All the above answers
Question 2
There are two theories to explain retrogade and anterogade amnesia that occurs with amnetic syndrome. Which statement about those theories is most correct?
The best explanation has come to light through pharmacological research
The best explanation is a cognitive-biological explanation
Neither of the theories is entirely adequate to explain amnesia
The best explanation is a deficiency in learning and in the storing information
Question 3
How can be tested for anterograde amnesia?
By making use of learningtests
By asking questions about past events
By testing someone's general knowledge
Question 4
Combine the following theories with the corresponding explanations:
1. Encoding deficit theory by Milner | a. Claims hippocampal injury to cause retrograde amnesia for all episodic memories and recent semantic memories. |
2. The multiple trace theory | b. States that retrograde amnesia is an anterograde disorder that was only discovered later. |
3. Ribot's Law | c. States that organic amnesia is caused by a failure in the retrieval mechanism. |
4. Retrieval deficit theory from Warrington and Weiskrantz | d. States that with retrograde amnesia recent memories are less easy to recall than memories from longer ago. |
Question 5
Which of these statements is not true according to Cohen & Squire?
The declarative memory remains intact in amnesia patients
The procedural memory remains intact in amnesia patients
Question 6
The following type of learning is used in rehabilitation for amnesia patients:
Explicit learning
Errorless learning
Learning through semantic memory
Answer indication MC questions
B
D
A
1b, 2a, 3d, 4c
A
B
What are developments around the issues of problem solving and reasoning? - ExamTests 8
MC questions
Question 1
One of the rules for drawing a logical conclusion from propositional data is called modus ponens. This is:
An example of deductive reasoning
An example of an inductive reasoning
One of the rules of deductive reasoning
One of the rules of inductive reasoning
Question 2
According to Gestalt psychologists, what obstacles are involved during problem solving?
Functional fixedness & Chunk decomposition
Functional fixedness & type or set effects
An impasse & type or set effects
Question 3
Which of these statements is / are true?
A mental blank can arise when previous experiences cannot be used to present a problem.
This mental blank can only be broken by means of "constraint relaxation".
Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is not true
Statement 2 is true, Statement 1 is not true
Statements 1 and 2 are both true
Statement 1 and 2 are both false
Question 4
Gentner & Gentner stated that the use of analogies contributes to problem solving. Which of these four phases is not included?
Interpreting and presenting the problem
Selecting a usable analogy and retrieving it from the LTM
Observing similarities between the problem and the analogy
Observing differences between the problem and the analogy
Open questions
Question 1
In which form of reasoning is the conclusion highly likely but not certain? (and explain why)
Answer indication MC questions
C
B
A
D
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
Inductive reasoning, based on specific observations, a general rule will apply. The conclusion is highly likely but not certain. The conclusion with deductive reasoning is certain. The conclusion is derived from the given premisses.
What are the possible consequences of injury to the frontal lobe? - ExamTests 9
MC questions
Question 1
Perseveration is one of the characteristics of the mental disorder known as 'dysexecutive' syndrome. What's the meaning of this?
The ability to remember the effect of a problem solving strategy and use it for the next problem
The ability to maintain a successful problem solving strategy
An inability to let go of a problem solving strategy that is unsuccessful and replace it with a better one
None of the above
Question 2
In which three categories can the frontal lobe be divided?
Motor cortex, frontal cortex and the prefrontal cortex
Motor cortex, premotor cortex and the frontal cortex
Motor cortex, premotor cortex and prefrontal cortex
Question 3
In patients with this damage, the ability to form and change strategies has been compromised:
Damage to the right frontal lobe
Damage to left frontal lobe
Damage to right prefrontal lobe
Damage to left prefrontal lobe
Question 4
Combine the concepts with the corresponding concepts, two answers remain.
I. What is the function of the supervisory attentional system?
II. What is the function of the contention scheduling?
When dealing with new information, this ensures that behavior is not regulated automatically
When being confronted with new information, this ensures that behavior can be regulated automatically
This selects one of the possible schemas in the event of a conflict between two routine (automatic) actions
This selects one of the possible schemas in the event of a conflict between two actions that are not routine (automatic)
Open questions
Question 1
What is another name for the frontal lobe syndrome?
Answer indication MC questions
C
C.
A
IA, IIC
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
Dysexecutive syndrome
How does recognizing, understanding and speaking of language work? - ExamTests 10
MC questions
Question 1
There is often confusion at the end of 'garden path' sentences, such as 'I saw people with the big binoculars'. What is this confusion proof for?
The 'immediacy principle' in the syntactic analysis of a sentence
The wrong use of 'parsing'
Chomsky's distinction between 'competence' and 'performance' in the syntactic analysis of sentences
The 'cohesive devices' as pointed out by Halliday and Hasan
Question 2
Consider the sentence: "A maniac for weekends" instead of "a weekend for maniacs". What kind of mistake in speaking is this called?
This is an example of wordsubstitution
An example of sound exchange errors
An example of morpheme changes: stranding errors
All the above
Question 3
Which of these statements is true?
A phoneme is the smallest sound unit that can lead to a difference in meaning
A morpheme is the smallest sound unit that can lead to a difference in meaning
Question 4
Which two types of models explain how people get quick access to their mental lexicon?
Serial search models and targeted search models
Serial search models and direct access models
Targeted search models and direct access models
Targeted search models and targeted access models
Question 5
Combine the concepts with the accompanying explanatory notes:
1. Surface structure | a. The rules for (among other things) combining words in the correct order |
2. Syntax | b. One of the variants of a bound morpheme |
3. Lexicalization | c. The form in words |
4. Suffix | d. The process in which a thought as the base of a word is converted into the sound of the word |
Open questions
Question 1
In combination with what does a bound morpheme occur?
Question 2
Which of the following concepts is not a level of language?
Phonetics
Semantics
Phonology
Sonetics
Reasoning
Answer indication MC questions
A
C
A
B
1C, 2A, 3D, 4B
Answer indication Open questions
Question 1
In combination with one or more free morphemes.
Question 2
Sonetics.
How can the ability to use language be affected? - ExamTests 11
MC questions
Question 1
According to Groome, what is an explanation for reading surface dyslexia (where irregular words, such as 'steak', are regularized)?
Acute brain injury
Damage to the lexical-semantic (whole-word) route
Damage to the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere
Damage to the temporal lobe in the right hemisphere
Question 2
What is the most characteristic error with 'deep dyslexia'?
The inability to recognize words immediately
Difficulty when reading non-existent words
People read words that are close to the word to be read in meaning
No trouble reading words if they meet the 'spelling-to-sound' rules
Question 3
What is NOT a form of aphasia?
Regional aphasia
Anomy aphasia
Broca's aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Question 4
Which of these statements is or are not true?
Broca's aphasia is a language disorder that has to do with speech production
Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder that has to do with speech production
Disruption can occur due to damage to the nerve cells that connect the areas of Broca and Wernicke
Disruption can only occur due to damage to these areas themselves and damage to the nerve cells that connect the areas to each other
Question 5
Which of these statements is / are true?
I. In Broca's aphasia, there is damage in the upper parts of the left temporal lobe
II. In Wernicke's aphasia there is damage to a portion of the left frontal lobe
Statement I is true, Statement II is false
Statement II is true, Statement I is false
Statements I and II are true
Statements I and II are false
Question 6
Combine the concepts with the accompanying explanatory notes:
1. Dyslexia | a. A reading and spelling disorder due to acquired brain damage. |
2. Alexia | b. A disorder in which patients experience difficulties during reading non-existent words. |
3. Surface dyslexia | c. A developmental disorder in reading written language, or certain forms of acquired reading problems. |
4. Deep dyslexia | d. A disorder in which patients do not immediately recognize words. |
5. Phonological dyslexia | e. A disorder in which patients suffer from semantic errors, and read words that are close to the word in meaning. |
Question 7
Which of the following statements is / are true?
Autism is a developmental language disorder in which patients experience problems using language during social interaction.
Autism is not a developmental language disorder, but stuttering is.
Specific language limitation is a developmental language disorder in which patients experience problems using language during social interaction.
Answer indication MC questions
B
C
A
B and D
D (the opposite is true)
1c, 2a, 3d 4e, 5b
A
Study Guide for summaries with An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology by Groome
Summaries and Study Assistance with An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology by Groome
Table of content
English:
- Summary with the book: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology by Groome - 3rd edition
- Bullets with the book: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology by Groome - 3rd edition
- ExamTests with the book: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology by Groome - 3rd edition
Dutch:
- Samenvatting bij het boek: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology van Groome - 3e druk
- Begrippenlijst bij het boek: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology van Groome - 3e druk
- TentamenTests bij het boek: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology van Groome - 3e druk
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