This bundle contains a summary for the second interim exam of the course "Research Methods & Statistics" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains the books: "Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (third edition)" with the chapters:
- 6, 7, 8
And the book "Research Methods in statistics by B. Morling (third edition)" with the following chapters:
- 6, 7, 8, 10.
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THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TWO CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
When analysing data the first step is to distinguish between the response variable and the explanatory variable. The response variable is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made. If the explanatory variable is categorical, it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values for the response variable. If
HOW SAMPLE PROPORTIONS VARY AROUND THE POPULATION PROPORTION
The sample distribution of a statistic is the probability distribution that specifies probabilities for the possible values the statistic can take. The population distribution from which you take the sample. Values of its parameters are fixed, but usually unknown. Data distribution is the distribution of the sample data. It
POINT AND INTERVAL ESTIMATES OF POPULATION PARAMETERS
A point estimate is a single number that is our best guess for the parameter (e.g: 25% of all Dutch people are above 1,80m). An interval estimate is an interval of numbers within which the parameter value is believed to fall (e.g: between 20% and 30% of the Dutch people
INTRODUCING BIVARIATE CORRELATIONS
A bivariate correlation or bivariate association, is an association that involves exactly two variables. The nature of the association can be described with scatterplots and the correlation coefficient. Associations between categorical variables are usually presented in a bar graph.
INTERROGATING ASSOCIATION CLAIMS
The two most important validities to interrogate are construct validity
Experiments are the only way to investigate causal issues.
EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES
An experiment means that the researchers manipulated at least one variable and measures another. A manipulated variable is a variable that is controlled. Measured variables take the forms of records of behaviour or attitudes. The manipulated variable is the independent variable. The conditions are the
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