Summary of Chapter 16 of the The Individual Book (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition)

This is the Chapter 16 of the book The Individual (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition). Which is content for the exam of the Theory component of Module 4 (The Individual) of the University of Twente, in the Netherlands

 

In what way does culture influence personality?  - Chapter 16

 

What is cultural personality psychology?

  • Cultural variations: within-group similarity in their behaviour and thought, accompanied by profound intergroup differences
  • Cultural personality psychology:
    • Principles underlying the cultural diversity
    • Discover how human psychology shapes culture
    • How cultural understandings, in turn, shape our psychology

Approaches to culture

MAJOR APPROACHES TO EXPLAINING AND EXPLORING PERSONALITY ACROSS CULTURE

  • Evoked culture: cultural differences created by differing environmental conditions activating a predicable set of responses. Two ingredients necessary to explain cultural variation

    • First ingredient: universal underlying mechanism
    • Second ingredient: environment differences in the degree to which the underlying mechanism is activated
  • Transmitted culture: ideas/values/attitudes/beliefs that exist in person’s mind that are transmitted to other people’s minds through their interaction with the original person
  • Cultural universals: not all behaviours can be classified as either evoked culture or transmitted culture
  • Markus and Kitayama (1991) ‘cultural tasks’:
    • Interdependence: involves how you are affiliated with, attached to or engaged in the larger group of which you are a member --> concerned with relational harmony
    • Independence: involves how you differentiate yourself from the larger group --> concerned with personal control
  • Acculturation: contact between two cultural groups that leads to change in both groups but the change is often more prominent in the non-dominant group
  • Personality shaped by emotional tendencies through cognitive, behavioural and social processes --> different cultures experience different emotions/have different words to describe emotional experience
  • Honesty-humility factor: cross-cultural research discovered a six-factor personality factor
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