Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture summary (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

This bundle contains a summary of all the lectures provided in the course "Evidence-based Clinical Practice" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains the following lectures:

Lecture 1
Kazdin (2008)

Lecture 2
(Kraemer et al. (2003)

Lecture 3
Funder et al. (2014); Moore (2016); Halpern, Karlawish, & Berlin (2002); Field (Chapter 4)

Lecture 4
Field (Chapter 20); Chambless & Hollon (1998); Kazdin & Weisz (1998); Gelman & Geurts (2017); Kraemer et al. (2003)

Lecture 5
Kahn (2011)

Lecture 6
Robinaugh, Hoekstra, Toner, & Borsboom (2020)

Lecture 7
De Vent et al. (2016); Maric et al. (2015)

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 1 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

Evidence-based treatment refers to interventions or techniques that have therapeutic changes in controlled trials. Disadvantages are that key conditions and characteristics of treatment research are different from clinical practice and that research tends to focus on symptoms, rather than the patient as a whole. Determining whether a treatment is evidence-based or empirically supported has different criteria (1), makes

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 2 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

In the case of a large number of tests, the probability of a false positive does not change for individual tests. However, the tests taken together have an inflated probability of false positives (i.e. inflated type-I error rate). This is also called the multiple comparison problem.

A research needs to have enough

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 3 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

There are several ethical guidelines in science:

Always do an a-priori power analysis
In underpowered studies, there might be insufficiently meaningful information (1), more replicability problems due to the higher probability of type-II errors (2) and are a waste of resources (3). In overpowered studies, it unnecessarily exposes participants to an intervention which may not

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 4 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

Logistic regression regards regressing a dichotomous dependent variable on the basis of one or more independent variables. In the case of exploratory logistic regression, there are no a priori hypotheses. It makes use of maximum-likelihood estimation which selects coefficients that make the observed values most likely to have occurred.

Logistic regression cannot make use of linear

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 5 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

Nested data (i.e. multilevel data) refers to data gathered in multiple groups (e.g. intervention study in multiple classrooms). Nested data that is analysed in the usual way can have strong consequences for the significance of the results (i.e. results being significant while they are actually not). Nested data being analysed in the wrong way leads to drawing false

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 6 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

There are three types of theories:

Focusing on manifest variables
This entails focusing on the variables that can be observed (e.g. a person is distracted and has trouble organizing tasks).
Focusing on latent variables
This entails focusing on the variables that are indirectly observed (e.g. based on other variables.) (e.g. a person has

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Evidence-based Clinical Practice – Lecture 7 (UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM)

The advantages of analysing multiple individuals are that it allows for generalization of findings to others. However, it does not tell us anything about the individual. The analysis of an individual does not allow for generalization to others but does tell us something about the individual.