How does moral development take place? - ExamTest 14

Questions

Question 1

According to Piaget, there are two stages of development in children's moral reasoning, with a transitional period between them. During which ages does this transitional period occur?

1. From 2 – 4 years old.
2. From 4 – 7 years old.
3. From 7 – 10 years old.
4. From 10 – 12 years old.

Question 2

Which stage does not belong to Kohlberg's theory of moral judgement?

1. Preconventional moral reasoning.
2. Conventional moral reasoning.
3. Postconventional moral reasoning.
4. Complete moral reasoning.

Question 3

Kohlberg based his stages of morality on ...

1. Reasons behind moral decisions.
2. The stages of prosocial development.
3. The results of his studies of prosocial dilemmas.
4. Evidence that peers have a critical impact on children's moral development.

Question 4

What is the difference between a 2-year-old child and a child attending primary school in terms of aggression?

1. Aggression has increased overall.
2. Aggression has diminished overall.
3. Physical aggression decreases and verbal aggression increases.
4. Verbal aggression decreases and physical aggression increases.

Question 5

Katie accidentally breaks four cups as she helps ahar father set the table. Laura accidentally breaks a cup while secretly picking up a cookie from the cookie jar. Rose breaks two cups while fighting with her brother.

Which child deserves the highest punishment according to a child in Piaget's pre-operational stage of development?

1. Katie
2. Laura.
3. Rose.
4. They are all seen as equally guilty.

Question 6

Which of the following sentences is an example of instrumental aggression?

1. Tony pushes Joyce away so that he can get to the swing first.
2. Tony makes sure that Joyce is not allowed to participate in the other children's play.
3. Tony tells Joyce that he would like to have the toys she has now.
4. Tony destroys Joyce's sand castle because he's angry.

Question 7

According to Piaget, which of the following factors is most influential in the development of children's moral reasoning?

1. Adult influence.
2. Interactions with peers.
3. Societal norms.
4. Heredity.

Question 8

Sarah is angry and wants to break her mother's favorite vase. However, she doesn't want to get in trouble for her actions, so she decides to punch a pillow instead. According to Kohlberg's hierarchy, Sarah's behavior is typical of which level of moral development?

1. Preconventional
2. Developmental.
3. Conventional.
4. Postconventional.

Question 9

According to social domain theory, at approximately what age do children begin to believe that it is more important to follow moral rules than societal conventions?

1. 12 months.
2. 6 years.
3. 12 years.
4. 3 years.

Question 10

Prosocial behavior is best defined as ...

1. Behavior based on personal benefit.
2. Voluntary behavior intended to benefit another.
3. Actions that contribute to society as a whole.
4. Behavior intended to win approval.

Question 11

Children develop conscience ...

1. Through identification with the same-gender parent, at about age 4 to 6.
2. Slowly over time, and this development is affected by parental disciplinary practices.
3. In a discontinuous process.
4. In a standard sequence, regardless of parental practices.

Question 12

Jaden is playing with a toy car. Sam comes over and takes it from her, which makes Jaden sad. Omar watches this happen and feels sad as well. Omar is displaying what kind of emotional response?

1. Sympathy.
2. Prosocial behavior.
3. Altruism.
4. Empathy.

Question 13

Which of the following has been shown to influence the development of prosocial tendencies?

1. Parental discipline style.
2. Genetic factors.
3. Temperament.
4. All of the above.

Question 14

Severe antisocial and aggressive behaviors, such as cruelty to animals and patterns of bullying, are examples of ... 

1. Conduct disorder
2. Reactive aggression.
3. Oppositional defiant disorder.
4. Negative youth development.

Question 15

The youth mentoring program Big Brothers Big Sisters for at-risk youth is an example of ...

1. A secondary prevention program.
2. An aggression intervention.
3. A positive youth development program.
4. Both A and C.

Answers

Question 1

C. According to Piaget, the transitional period takes place from  7-10 years old.

Question 2

D. Kohlberg did not distinguish the stage of complete moral reasoning in his theory.

Question 3

A. Reasons for moral decisions.

Question 4

C. Physical aggression decreases and verbal aggression increases.

Question 5

A. Katie.

Question 6

A. Tony pushes Joyce away so that he can get to the swing first.

Question 7

B. Interactions with peers.

Question 8

A. Preconventional level of moral development.

Question 9

D. 3 years.

Question 10

B. Prosocial behavior is best defined as voluntary behavior intended to benefit another.

Question 11

B. Children develop a conscience slowly over time, and this development is affected by parental disciplinary practices.

Question 12

D. Empathy.

Question 13

D. Parental discipline style as well as genetic factors and temperament influence the development of prosocial tendencies.

Question 14

A. Severe antisocial and aggressive behaviors, such as cruelty to animals and patterns of bullying, are examples of conduct disorder.

Question 15

D. The youth mentoring progrma Big Brothers Big Sisters for at-risk youth is an example of a secondary prevention program as well as a positive youth development program.