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If you close your eyes and imagine biting into a big sweet orange, the saliva might already be in your mouth. This saliva development is an example of a:
What aspect of the definition of psychopathology ('psychological abnormality') relates to the inability to take care of oneself and work productively in daily life?
B. Conditioned response.
C. Dysfunction.
The transfer of electrical impulses from neuron to neuron connects small spaces. These spaces are referred to as:
The multicultural perspective in psychopathology is especially emphasized nowadays by:
C. Synapses.
A. The specific values and norms that exist in a given cultural context.
In addition to physiological symptoms of anxiety (as in the case of N.K.), GAS is also characterized by something else. Namely:
Which of the following alternatives indicates the lack of validity of clinical interviews?
Personality questionnaires compared to projective tests are in general:
The psychologist and the psychiatrist of the outpatient clinic Fear Disorders agree that Nel suffers from a post-traumatic stress disorder. Their agreement makes it plausible that this categorization is:
Clinical interviews are widely used in the emergency services. A strong point of this assessment method is:
As part of a diagnostic examination, a patient is shown a number of black-and-white prints. With each picture he is asked to present a story, in which the persons on the prints are the main characters. Which test is presented to him?
Which of the following disorders is considered a psychophysiological or psychosomatic disorder?
A. Lots of worries.
B. Interviewers would be strongly guided by their first impression of the interviewed.
A. High reliability and greater validity.
B. Sufficiently reliable.
B. The image that emerges about who the person is.
C. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
A. Migraine.
Seligman's research into depression, in which learned helplessness in the psychological laboratory is developed in animals, is an example of a:
The number of new cases of a disorder within a given unit of time in a given population is indicated by the term:
C. Analog experiment.
A. Incidence.
Mrs. D.G. suffers from major depressive disorder. Someone with bipolar disorder can also have depressive episodes, but what also needs to be present is/are:
Psychotherapists who conduct interpersonal psychotherapy assume that the therapy should focus on:
The efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants is understood from blocking:
A suicide attempt is often preceded by a change of mood. Usually this concerns an increase:
What is meant by parasuicide?
A significant percentage of people who commit suicide suffer from a mental disorder. The disorder that occurs most often (in about half of the cases):
Which of the following alternatives is correct? Daan is a drug user. Besides, he has an antisocial personality. At the GelNek (an alcohol and drug clinic) he is asked why he thinks he uses drugs. Daan probably gives the following answer:
C. A period of heightened mood or agitation.
B. Role transitions.
C. The reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
B. Sadness.
A. A failed suicide attempt.
B. Severe Depression.
A. It's just nice.
Charles is 28. His sister Sylvia is three years younger. Charles is generally a relaxed, quiet boy, while Sylvia is often irritable and tense. Charles and Sylvia differ in:
Tina was bitten by a pig at school camp. It hurt and she was very scared. A month later she went on holiday to Spain, to the campsite with her family. There is another family present, who owns a large Caucasian Shepherd Dog. Tina is so scared of the dog that she can't sleep. Her mother tells the owner of the dog that her daughter was never afraid of dogs. Tina's fear of the Caucasian Shepherd Dog is an example of:
A. Trait anxiety.
C. Stimulus generalization.
Imagine someone has to wash her/his hands very often because she/he is afraid of contamination. What is this kind of behavior called?
Three months ago, Catelijne was in Apeldoorn watching how the bus with the Royal Family drove by, when a black car drove into the crowd at high speed. She was able to jump aside just in time, but her friend standing next to her was badly injured. She is often very anxious and can't sleep well. Catelijne probably has:
OCD often involves compulsive actions (e.g. washing hands or always checking the gas). How can we explain these actions from a cognitive perspective?
Jan was waiting for the train on a normal Thursday afternoon when he saw an accidental passenger being hit by a train. After this he was terribly frightened for two weeks and felt tired and sad. Probably he suffered of:
B. Compulsive behavior.
C. A post-traumatic stress disorder.
B. By means of this behavior, one wants to prevent frightening thoughts from becoming reality.
B. An acute stress disorder.
A clinical psychologist concludes after a scientific literature review that the symptoms listed under a certain diagnostic category can arise as an unintended effect of previous treatment with a psychiatrist or psychologist. The diagnostic category to which this statement most likely to apply is:
1. C. Dissociative identity disorder.
Modern research makes it plausible that schizophrenia can be partly caused by:
Which of the following statements is not characteristic of schizophrenia?
In recent research, the role of dopamine in schizophrenia appears to be more complicated because:
Since the 1950s/'60s, interest in the psychological explanations of schizophrenia compared to genetic and biological explanations is:
Stein is schizophrenic and he's confused and ambivalent about everything. He doesn't know what he wants, has no purpose in his life and he doesn't seem to have the energy or interest to think about what pants he wants to put on that day or what he wants to eat in the evening, for example. This is most likely the case:
Lucas is often very jealous. He is extremely self-critical and very sensitive to the actions of others. Which personality disorder is least likely to be diagnosed?
Janoes had an intake for a psychiatric day treatment in a center for personality disorders. According to the psychiatrist he has a paranoid personality disorder. Janoes' father also received psychiatric treatment. What psychiatric disorder is the father likely to have had?
C. Viral infection in the uterus.
A. Women develop the disorder at a younger age and more severely than men.
A. The modern and more effective atypical antipsychotic medication affects not only dopamine receptors but also serotonin receptors.
A. Initially decreased and then increased again.
A. Loss of volition.
B. A schizoid personality disorder.
C. Schizophrenia.
Jantien often uses ecstasy and she notices that she has to use more and more to get the same desired effect of euphoria. Apparently, she is developing:
A recently developed psychopharmaceutical causes a certain degree of loss of control over the muscles, slowing down speech and slowing down the activity of the central nervous system. This is probably a:
Tobias injected himself with cocaine. He's dancing and jumping, as good as he feels. Usually the euphoria reaches a peak:
Tamiris is in New York buying pills to lose weight. What substance will the pills she buys most likely contain?
You're dancing with Erik. Erik has already drunk too much and asks what he has to do to get sober as soon as possible (he has an exam tomorrow and wants to be sober). Which answer is the most correct?
Nick is being treated for an alcohol addiction. He's had trembling hands for two weeks now. His eyelid also shakes a lot. He himself says this is because he feels a lot of little creatures crawling over his body. It's probably here:
Jimmy's been addicted to alcohol for over ten years. He's been admitted to the addiction clinic where you're the intern. He tells that his father is from Switzerland, and that he used to spend such great summers with his grandmother in the Swiss countryside. Later, a conversation with one of his children reveals that Jimmy has never been to Switzerland at all. Besides that, Jimmy doesn't recognize you the next day. He probably suffers from:
A. A tolerance for ecstasy.
A. Depressant.
C. Simultaneous with dopamine-related neuronal activity.
C. Amphetamines.
A. Erik shouldn't drink a drop of alcohol anymore. He can't do much else, it just takes a while before you are sober again.
A. Delirium tremens.
B. Korsakoff syndrome.
Bulimia nervosa is always characterized by:
Which emotion plays a central role in anorexia nervosa?
An eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) often manifests itself for the first time:
Which of the three psychological problems below are least likely to occur together with anorexia nervosa?
Most people with binge eating:
For the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa there must be at least a weight loss of:
Most people with bulimia nervosa:
A. Uncontrollable eating attacks.
C. Fear.
C. After the person has successfully lined up for a while, which gave him/her many compliments from friends/family.
C. Schizophrenia.
C. Feeling intensely tense prior to binge eating.
B. 15% of normal weight.
B. Have a more common weight than people with anorexia nervosa.
Scientific research shows that there is a link between orgasm disorders and:
Little sexual desire can be caused by a low level of the hormone:
Recent studies of erectile dysfunction disorders have shown that in most cases erectile dysfunction was caused by:
What phenomena have behavioral therapists focused on in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions since the 1950s/'60s?
B. A few childhood memories of tenderness between parents.
B. Testosterone.
C. An interaction of psychosocial and physical factors.
A. Anxiety and tension.
What are the most common mood and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents?
Etiological factors for mood and anxiety disorders are the same in children as in adulthood.
What is a key deficit in dyslexia?
Externalizing disorders are characterized by:
Which brain areas are dysfunctional in children with conduct disorder?
B. Depression and specific phobia.
A. True.
A. Phonological awareness.
A. Behaviors like aggressiveness, overactivity and impulsiveness.
C. Amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
Which neurotransmitters are most involved in Alzheimer's disease?
Who are most likely to be affected by a delirium?
Which factors play a negative role in the etiology of dementia?
C.
A.
C.
Albert is referred by his GP for psychotherapy. The GP explains that the therapy is likely to last a number of years, because in addition to anxiety and depression complaints, there also seemed to be personality problems. Albert had already been in therapy for the anxiety complaints a few years ago. According to the general practitioner, the goal of the treatment should now be personality change and he explains that personality change does not happen so quickly and that the therapy should therefore be intensive. It is most likely that Albert will be referred by the GP to a psychotherapist who works from it:
Joyce is in day care because of an eating disorder and a personality disorder. She has an unstable self-esteem, suffers from strong mood swings, and she starts and stops friendships, relationships and studies impulsively. She can feel terribly empty and lonely and tells in group therapy that when she feels this way, she starts to eat. What personality disorder is probably involved here?
What aspects do personality disorders have in common?
Dialectal behavioral therapy (DBT) is a form of psychotherapy in which cognitive, behavioral therapeutic and psychodynamic techniques are integrated. In recent years, research has mainly found empirical support for the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of:
A. Psychodynamic model.
C. Borderline personality disorder.
B. A durable and rigid pattern of inner and behavioral functioning.
A. The borderline personality disorder.
What is the role of the Insanity Defense Reform Act (1984)?
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