New York Times Co. V. Sullivan - Arrest

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I.c. was er sprake van een advertentie in de NY Times in maart 1960 die ten onrechte acties van burgerrechten demonstranten (waaronder de politieagenten) toonden in Montgomery, Alabama. Hierna volgde een beledigingsactie van een politiecommissaris uit Montgomery, tegen de krant. Sullivan verzocht de NY Times het bericht in te trekken maar dit deed de NY Times niet.

Sullivan won in de procedure in Alabama een bedrag van $500.000. De NY Times voerde aan dat het bericht niet zou intrekken omdat er geen specifieke publieke figuren werden genoemd.

Supreme Court

Het hof meende dat de persvrijheid zich tegen een veroordeling verzette. Het Supreme Court besliste dat de wet in Alabama inefficiënt was bij de bescherming van de persvrijheid onder de eerste en veertiende amendement.

Het Supreme Court stelde: 'against the background of a profound national commitment to the principle that debate on public issues should be uninhibited, robust and wide-open, and that it may well include vehement, eaustic and sametimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials'.

De advertentie in kwestie had betrekking op het officieel gedrag van een openbare beambte. Het hof stelde dat de onjuistheid van de gedane uitspraken en het belasterende karakter ervan niet zonder meer beslissend waren: 'The constitutional guarantees require, we think, a federal rule that probibits a public official from reecvering damages fora defamatory falsehood relating to his official conduct, unless he proves that the statement was made with "actual malice" - that is, with knowledge that is was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not.'

Personen die vanwege hun functie in het openbaar treden, en wiens gedrag in een democratisch staat voorwerp van discussie moet kunnen zijn, moet tegen meer bestand zijn vergeleken met anderen.

Conclusie

Het Supreme Court heeft het beginsel geformuleerd dat het debat over openbare zaken ongeremd, robuust en wijd open moet zijn.

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