The item response theory (latent trait theory) provides a way to model the probability that a person with X ability will be able to perform at level of Y. It models the probability that a person with X amount of a personality trait will exhibit Y amount of that trait on a test that is supposed to me...

Reasoning is the cognitive process of deriving new information from old information. Deductive reasoning is drawing logically necessary conclusions from given information. It’s going from the general to the specific. Inductive reasoning is the process of inferring probable conclusions from giv...

Repeated-measures refers to when the same entities (e.g. people) participate in all conditions of an experiment or provide data at multiple points of time. One of the assumptions of the standard linear model is that residuals are independent, which is not true for repeated-measures designs. The res...

Evidence-based treatment refers to the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. A practitioner can know what the best current evidence is by making use of guidelines. However, the guidelines only demonstrate what ty...