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What do attachment theories say about development? - Chapter 11
Children develop certain forms of attachment. Attachment is an emotional bond with a specific person, a bond that remains constant over time. Attachment is often discussed as the relationship between a child and his/her caregiver, but attachment can also occur in adulthood.
Which attachment styles do we distinguish?
What is the attachment theory?
The attachment theory was proposed by Bowlby. This theory states that children have a biological predisposition to attach themselves to the caregivers, in order to increase the chance of their own survival. Later, Ainsworth expanded and tested Bowlby's ideas. According to Freud, children's development is shaped by their early relationship with their mothers. Bowlby agreed on this, but
.........Read moreHow does emotion development in children take place? - Chapter 10
How do emotions develop in children?
Emotions are often equated with feelings. Development ideologists have a more complex approach to look at emotions. They see emotions as consisting of multiple components: neural responses, the physiological factors (heartbeat, breaths, hormone levels), subjective feelings, emotional expression and the desire to take action (flee, approach, or change people or things in the environment). However, there is a lot of discussion about whether emotions are innate or not.
What are theories regarding the nature and development of emotions?
.........Read moreWhat are the theories on social development in children? - Chapter 9
What do psychoanalytic theories claim about the social development of children?
Psychoanalytic theories have had the greatest impact on western cultures. These theories have had a major influence on the way of thinking about personality and social developments. This is mainly because og Sigmund Freud. Erik Erikson later accounted on the ideas of Sigmund Freud. Both theories are based on biological ripening. According to Freud, the behavior is motivated by the need to satisfy basic drifts. The resulting instincts
.........Read moreWhat is intelligence and how does it develop? - Chapter 8
What is intelligence?
The concept of intelligence is difficult to describe. One way, is to describe intelligence through three levels of analysis:
- Some see intelligence as one factor called general intelligence, g. General intelligence are cognitive processes influencing the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks.
- There are also good arguments for intelligence to consist of two types of intelligence, fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve new problems at a certain moment,
How does conceptual development take place? - Chapter 7
Concepts are general ideas or terms that can be used to group objects, situations, qualities, or abstractions, that let them become equal in a certain way.
How do children learn to understand who and what?
How do children learn to divide objects into categories?
Children use categorical hierarchy to distinguish between categories. The categories are classified into set-subset relation, such as animal-dog-poodle. Small children especially use perceptual categorization: grouping objects that are similar. It can already be seen in children from 3 to 4 months old. As children grow older, they also understand hierarchical and causal relationships between categories. The categorical hierarchies’ children are forming often
.........Read moreHow does language develop? - Chapter 6
How does language develop in children?
We use symbols to communicate with other people and to reflect or exchange our thoughts, feelings, and knowledge. Symbols are a tool when communicating with other people. Using language includes language comprehension and language production. Language comprehension is the understanding of what other people say, write or portrait (passive). Language production is speaking, writing or portraying to other people and is active. Language comprehension leads to language production.
.........Read moreHow do children develop perception, action, and learning? - Chapter 5
How does perceptual development work?
There is a difference between perception and sensation. Sensation is the processing of basic information from the external world, through sensory receptors in the sensory organs and the brain. Perception is a process focusing on organizing and interpreting sensory information.
How does visual development take place in children?
In the past the visual capacity of babies was underestimated. Research shows that babies have a greater visual capacity than previously believed. Research was done through preferential looking technique and habituation. The preferential looking technique is a method for research of the baby's visual attention, whereby babies are presented with two patterns or
.........Read moreWhat are different theories on the cognitive development of children? - Chapter 4
There are five different theories about the cognitive development of a child that will be discussed in this chapter.
- What is the focus in Piaget's theory?
- What are the criticisms on Piaget's theory?
- What do the information processing theories say about the cognitive development of children?
- What is the nature of the child according to the information processing theories?
- Which are the central development aspects in the information processing theories?
- What are the characteristics of core-knowledge theories?
- How is the nature of a child seen in core-knowledge theories?
- What are the central development aspects in core-knowledge theories?
- What do socio-cultural theories say about the cognitive development of children?
- How is the nature of the child seen in socio-cultural theories?
- Which are the central development aspects in socio-cultural theories?
- What do dynamic system theories say about
How do nature and nurture play a role in development? - Chapter 3
The first studies on development were trying to answer the question of which of the following is more influential on the child’s development: the genes or the environment. Since the discovery of the DNA, the basic component of heredity, enormous advances have been made in deciphering the genetic code. Researchers have mapped the entire genome, the complete set of genes of an organism. Later studies on development found both, the genes and the environment, as important influences in the development of a child. The genes and the environment interact continuously with each other, therefore both influence the development of a child.
How does prenatal development work? - Chapter 2
- How does prenatal development work?
- What is conception?
- What processes of development take place?
- What does prenatal development look like?
- How does a fetus behave?
- How does the fetus learn?
- What kind of negative events can take place during prenatal development?
- How does the process of birth take place?
- How does a newborn baby behave?
- What negative events can take place at birth?
How does prenatal development work?
Throughout history, many different ways to view prenatal development can be found. Aristotle rejected the idea of epigenesis, the emergence of new structures and functions during development.
For example, the Beng in West Africa believe that every baby is a reincarnation of an ancestor. The spirit of the ancestor, the wru,
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This summary includes the Person-centered Approach lecture, which took place at the University of Twente on 09-05-2023. The lecture covered Chapter 6 of The Individual Book (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition) Person-centred approach: The humanistic approach – third force
- 1st Force -- P...
This summary includes the Cognitive-behavioral approach lecture, which took place at the University of Twente on 02-05-2023. The lecture covered Chapters 2 and 4 of The Individual Book (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition) [editorial note: some images have been removed for technical and/or copyright reasons] ...
This summary includes the Psychodynamic approach lecture, which took place at the University of Twente on 28-04-2023. The lecture covered Chapters 3 and 5 of The Individual Book (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition) Psychodynamic Approach: Chapters 3 and 5, The Individual Psychological suffering 7 char...
Summaries per chapter with the 4th edition of Introduction to Health Psychology by Morrison & Bennett
Here, there are all the summaries of the chapters of the book Psychological Communication, by H. van der Molen, G. Lang, P. Trower & R. Look. It's the 2nd edition, done in 2020. Hope you enjoy! “…each observer gains a partial superiority of insights from the peculiar position...
- Questions
- Answers
- Not-living things.
- Animals. ...
Questions Question 1 Which of the following does not belong to the three categories that children use to distinguish by categoral hierarchy?
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- Book title: Social Psychology
- Authors: Kassin, Fein and Markus
- Edition: 11th edition
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There are five different theories about the cognitive development of a child that will be discussed in this chapter.
- What is the focus in Piaget's theory?
- What are the criticisms on Piaget's theory?
- What do the information processing theories say about...
Study Guide with summaries and study assistance for:
- Book title: Psychology
- Authors: Ciccarelli and White
- Edition: 6th edition
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Assortment of summaries and study assistance Which summaries and study assistance can you use and expect with Dimensie on JoHo WorldSupporter? Bachelor 1:
- Semester 1: Psychology: an Orientation; Introduction to Research Methodology; Social (Developmental) Psychology; Data Analysis I
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