This summary includes the Psychodynamic approach lecture, which took place at the University of Twente on 28-04-2023. The lecture covered Chapters 3 and 5 of The Individual Book (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition)

Psychodynamic Approach:

Chapters 3 and 5, The Individual

Psychological suffering

7 characteristics of abnormal behaviour/psychological disorder (Seligman et al., 2001):

1. Personal suffering
2. The (dis)functional aspects of behaviour
3. Irrational and incomprehensible behaviour
4. Unpredictability & loss of control
5. Outstanding and conventional behaviour
6. Behaviour that brings about uneasiness in others
7. Transgression of moral norms

The ‘Three P’s’: characteristics of a personality disorder:

1. Pathological
2. Pervasive
3. Persistent

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

“an instable sense of self (psychologically) & emotion regulation difficulties (behaviourally)”

• Continuous fear of being abandoned
• Pattern unstable relations (idealizing versus devaluation)

This is the Chapter 8 of the book The Individual (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition). Which is content for the exam of the Theory component of Module 4 (The Individual) of the University of Twente, in the Netherlands.

Chapter 8:

Building therapeutic relationship

Basic tool therapy: therapist and therapist capacity to engage collaboratively with client

Making sense therapeutic relationship: multiple perspectives

• Relationship as a container: place within which most aiful and destructive feelings client are expressed and acted out --> frame/ structure (edges container) needed so client knows that they are there.
• Authentic meeting:

• Rogers: emphasis individual autonomy/ equality between people --> move beyond performance professional role, seek create authentic encounter

• Authentic presence: engage honest self-exploration, as well as communication appreciation of possibility of intimacy and genuiness in ordinary life

This is the Chapter 6 of the book The Individual (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition). Which is content for the exam of the Theory component of Module 4 (The Individual) of the University of Twente, in the Netherlands.

Chapter 6:

Person-centred/ humanistic and experimental approaches:

Philosophical/ cultural underpinning humanistic therapies:

• Client-centred therapy:

• Humans cannot be reduced to components
• Humans exist in a uniquely human context
• Humans are conscious (includes awareness oneself in context of others)
• Humans intentions/ goals/ aware they can cause future events

• Experimental therapy: working here-and-now experiencing of client/ therapist

• Person-centred approach: emphasis actual momentary lived experiencing of person
• Phenomenological: valid knowledge/ understanding gained exploring/ describing way things are experienced

• Phenomenological inquiry: investigate assumptions held about specific phenomenon --> describe it

This is the Chapter 4 of the book The Individual (de Bruin, E., 1st Edition). Which is content for the exam of the Theory component of Module 4 (The Individual) of the University of Twente, in the Netherlands.

Chapter 4

Cognitive-behavioural perspective

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): change-focused approach, attention cognitive processes to which people monitor/ control their behaviour

Origins/ development cognitive-behavioural approach:

• Introspection: subjects report own internal thought processes as engaged in remembering/ learning/ or any other psychological activity
• J.B.Watson: psychology = scientific study actual behaviour

• Laws of learning:  all habits/ beliefs people exhibit must be learned

• Applying behavioural concepts:

• Principles behaviourism influential CBT:

• Collaborative empiricism: client/ therapist together observe patterns of behaviour and then design new behavioural responses
• Functional analysis: analysis stimulus (where/when)