PCR, which stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a revolutionary technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. It allows researchers to rapidly generate millions of copies of a targeted DNA segment from a very small sample. What are the key features of PCR?

• Specificity: PCR relies on...

Next-generation sequencing (NGS), also known as massively parallel sequencing, is a powerful technology that has revolutionized the field of genomics. Unlike traditional Sanger sequencing, which analyzes one DNA molecule at a time, NGS allows researchers to sequence millions or even billions of DNA ...

Sanger sequencing, also known as the dideoxy chain termination method, is a pioneering technique for determining the order of nucleotides (A, C, G, T) in a DNA molecule. Developed by Frederick Sanger and his colleagues in 1977, it paved the way for modern DNA sequencing methods. What are the key fea...

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technique that allows researchers to comprehensively analyze the transcriptome. The transcriptome refers to the entire collection of RNA molecules (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and other non-coding RNAs) present within a cell, tissue, or organism...

CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9) is a revolutionary gene editing tool that has taken the field of molecular biology by storm. It allows scientists to precisely modify an organism's DNA at a specific location, offering unprecedented potential for research a...

Forward genetic screens are a powerful approach in genetics aimed at identifying genes responsible for specific phenotypes, or observable characteristics, in an organism. Unlike reverse genetic screens, which start with a known gene and investigate its function, forward screens begin with a mutant p...

In contrast to forward genetic screens, which start with a mutant phenotype and hunt for the responsible gene, reverse genetic screens take the opposite approach. They begin with a known gene and aim to identify the phenotypic effects caused by disrupting its function. This targeted approach allows ...

RNA interference, often abbreviated as RNAi, is a remarkable biological process where small RNA molecules act as cellular volume knobs, regulating gene expression by silencing specific genes. It's a natural defense mechanism found in many organisms, including plants and animals, and has become a pow...