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Part of the MARS model is motivation. Which of the concepts below is not part of motivation according to the MARS model?
When an employment consultant in an organization wants to investigate the behavior of an employee according to the MARS model, what will he not immediately pay attention to?
An old greasing system is taken apart to see how it was made and how it works. This concerns application of:
In today's business world, there are more and more differences between employees. Samantha is 25 and works as an accountant at a small advisement firm. She works with Gabriel and Cindy. Gabriel is 36 years old and is of Indian descent. Cindy is 42 and has a slight physical disability. Despite all the differences, the three can work well together. The differences just described between Samantha, Gabriel and Cindy are all examples of:
Work attitudes have been compared with work values:
Which statement is correct?
I. Face-to-face is always the best way to communicate.
II. A disadvantage of computer networks is that it is relatively expensive.
What is the effect of new information technology on the structure of an organization?
Explain the difference between a group and a team.
The primary task for managers is to ensure that workers have the right skills to do their job properly. There are three basic ways to achieve this. Name these ways.
What influence do temporary agency workers have on social relations at work?
C. Ability.
C. Sense of responsibility.
C. Structural capital.
C. Surface level diversity.
B. More specific and less long-lasting.
D. I and II are both incorrect.
D. It increases the mechanical and the organic side.
Because temporary workers are temporarily with an organization, they will have little loyalty to the organization. They will have a completely different view of the social environment at work than the permanent workers.
Lisa has a strong commitment to the well-being of all people and to nature. On which dimension from Schwartz's Values Circumplex does she score high?
Which statement is correct about the degree of a culture, if it is seen as highly collectivist?
Which statement about person-organization value congruence is true?
What is a problem with the utilitarianism principle?
Which two personality traits from the Five-Factor Model (Big Five) best predict individual performance for almost any type of job?
What are the four ethical principles in an organization?
Correct or incorrect according to "organizational behavior" of McShane and Von Glinow?
I. People who score high on neuroticism will come into their own in situations where critical thinking and evaluations are needed.
II. People who score high on neuroticism will be good at playing the devils lawyer.
Which of the following traits belong to the Big Five?
Why is it best to have a balance between conformity and deviance in a group?
B. Self-transcedence.
C. The culture can be both low and high individualistic.
B. Incongruence between the values of the person and those of the organization can lead to stress, low organizational citizenship, and job dissatisfaction.
B. It is difficult to determine the benefits and costs of many different decisions.
A. Conscientiousness and neuroticism.
B. Utilitarianism, individual rights, distributive justice, ethic of care.
D. I and II are both incorrect.
B. Neuroticism; D. Extraversion; F. Conscientiousness; G. Openness to experience; J. Agreeableness.
Compliance allows a group to control the behavior of its members to ensure that tasks are accomplished. Deviance causes group members to take a fresh look at the appropriateness of an existing standard.
Michael is offered a promotion at work. He has worked very hard in recent years and followed various training courses. However, Michael does not attribute his promotion to his hard work and training, but to luck. The latter refers to:
Social identity theory states that social perception is influenced by three activities. Which activity occurs when we think that both Dutch people and Belgians each have the same characteristics within their own group?
Scientific management is primarily associated with a (1) degree of job specialization and a (2) degree of job standardization.
George makes a mistake when sawing a door to size. This mistake is attributed to him personally by his supervisor. According to the rules of the attribution theory, attribution is mainly made to internal attribution in:
B. External locus of control.
A. Homogenization.
B. (1) High; (2) high.
A. High consistency, low directiveness, and low consensus.
Which of the following elements contributes to a higher affective commitment of employees to the organization?
Which of the statements below about organizational commitment is true?
A situation is generally most likely to be perceived as stressful by employees under (1) responsibility and (2) task control.
Two drugstore owners do not have a conflict regarding their business. Since it is between these two people in the company, what kind of conflict is there?
If two friends are joint owners of an organization and there is a conflict about it, it probably concerns:
Staying with the organization because you feel that you really should is:
C. Justice and support.
B. Employees' creativity can diminish as a result of too much affective engagement.
C. (1) A lot; (2) little.
A. Interpersonal conflict.
C. Task-related conflict and relationship conflict.
C. Normative commitment.
An employee reduces his effort to acquire new customers because his supervisor has stopped giving compliments after bringing in new customers. This example illustrates
Effective feedback has five characteristics. What are three of them?
Which of the following statements about Maslow's needs hierarchy theory is true?
According to the expectancy theory, outcomes have a negative valence when
What combination of personality traits is best for a manager in theory?
Which of the following statements is correct?
True or false?
I. A high level of motivation always leads to a high level of performance.
II. A good performance cannot be achieved without a high level of motivation.
True or false?
I. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, only one type of need can provide motivation
II. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs are not placed in a hierarchical order.
True or false?
I. In order for 360-degree appraisal to work as well as possible, the appraisals must be based on characteristics (traits).
II. 360-degree appraisal is fairest when the raters are anonymous.
Organize the following work values into the categories extrinsic work values and intrinsic work values.
Indicate which reinforcement scheme belongs to these examples:
Punishment and negative reinforcement are often mistakenly confused. Name two differences between punishment and negative reinforcement.
Name two criticisms of OB MOD.
Place the following needs in the correct order from lowest level to highest level.
Which of the following three factors must, according to the expectancy theory, be high in order to be motivated?
Two employees have the same job at the same organization. Employee A gets a raise and employee B does not. Can both employees consider the situation fairly according to equity theory? Explain.
Indicate whether the following approaches to job design focus on intrinsic and / or extrinsic motivation:
Three managers work for a particular company:
The company decides to redesign the jobs to increase motivation. Task significance, skill variety, autonomy, feedback, and task identity are all increased. Furthermore, nothing will change in their salary. Determine per manager whether he / she will be more or less motivated. Will the organization benefit or not?
A manager gives two subordinates a specific goal. Employee I is given a goal that is too high, probably not attainable, and employee II is assigned a goal that is (too) easily attainable. Which of the two employees achieves the best results?
Under what two circumstances do specific, difficult goals fail to lead to high levels of motivation and achievement?
Why should employee evaluation not depend solely on results?
Name two motivational benefits of a functional structure.
B. Extinction.
B. Relevant, timely, and specific.
B. The theory has hardly been scientifically supported.
B. These outcomes conflict with our values and counteract need-fulfillment.
D. A great need for achievement, a great need for power and a small need for affiliation.
D. Extinction reduces the chance of unintentional behavior.
D. I and II are both incorrect.
A. Only I is correct.
C. Only II is correct.
Two differences between punishment and negative reinforcement:
The following criticisms have been made on OB MOD:
The order of the levels of needs is as follows: C. physiological needs, D. safety needs, A. belongingness needs, B. esteem needs, E. self-actualization needs.
According to the expectancy theory, all three factors (valence, expectancy and instrumentality) must be high. If one of these factors is 0, then the motivation will also be 0.
According to equity theory, both employees can consider this situation fair, because it is how they perceive the situation, not how it actually is. For example, if both employees are of the opinion that employee A has contributed more than employee B, so that employee A also gets more output (storage), they can think it fair.
The company is not improving completely, because two out of three managers will be less motivated.
Employee I who gets a difficult goal may not achieve his goal, but will outperform employee II. Employee I had a more difficult goal, so he will try harder to achieve it (for example, he will look for multiple solutions to achieve that goal), while employee II will be quickly satisfied by his easy goal. In addition, employee I will be motivated to work out a plan, because the goal would probably not be achieved without a plan.
The following two conditions do not lead to higher motivation and performance:
If employees are only evaluated on their results, they can become too focused on achieving good results, at the expense of behavior that is not rewarded (e.g. Organizational Citizenship Behavior).
Motivational benefits:
Systematically breaking down work to the smallest elements and standardizing tasks to maximize efficiency means:
What is an example of a team reward?
Which statement is correct?
Which two work attitudes are important?
Is having responsibility at work a motivator need or a hygiene need?
Which three core dimensions contribute to the critical psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of the work?
C. Scientific management.
C. Gainsharing plans.
D. Job enrichment, also called vertical job loading, arose in response to job enlargement, which had little effect.
Two important work attitudes are job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Responsibility is a motivator need because it is an aspect of the job itself.
The three core dimensions that contribute to experienced meaningfulness of the work are high skill variety, high task identity and high task significance.
Processing limited and imperfect information and choosing satisficing instead of maximizing alternatives refers to the phenomenon
Steven is asked what percentage of top management is enriching themselves according to him. Steven estimates the percentage higher than he normally would because he recently saw media reports of top executives giving themselves huge bonuses. This is an example of the
What is the overarching problem of the rational choice paradigm?
Martin has a problem at work: his boss thinks that Martin occasionally takes too many risks in his work. Martin immediately forgets this and continues with his work as he always did. This is an example of:
A set of employees has an interest in trying to convince the management team that they have information that indicates a problem. The management team then accepts this from the employees and no longer takes the time to thoroughly consider the situation itself. What problem is there here?
The tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision or to invest more resources in a failing course refers to the following problem in evaluating the outcomes of a decision:
An applicant is late for an interview due to a strike in public transport. However, the selector does not blame the applicant's late arrival on the public transport strike, but believes that the applicant left home too late. This example refers to:
“Scientists have to look at a problem in a unique way and from different perspectives to understand it”. The following thinking is described here:
The uncertainty that arises when workers do not know clearly what is expected of them and how to perform their work is called:
Which characteristic can contribute to creativity?
Which statement is correct?
Which statement is correct?
I. A cross-functional team structure differs from a matrix structure in that members remain permanently with the same team.
II. The use of information technology reduces decentralization.
Which heuristics lead to the following biases?
Name 2 disadvantages of group decision-making.
The number of goods and services a company produces has grown enormously. What kind of structure is best for a company to adopt?
C. Bounded rationality.
C. Availability heuristic.
A. People have a bounded rationality.
B. Perceptual defense.
C. Stakeholder framing.
C. Escalation of commitment.
A. Fundamental attribution error.
A. Divergent thinking.
B. Role ambiguity.
B. Intelligence.
B. In order to encourage creativity, it is better to reward creativity and not punish it if creative ideas do not suffice.
A. Only I is correct.
Two disadvantages of group decision-making are:
It is best for the company to adopt a product structure.
Kim trusts her teammate Kate will arrive on time because Kate knows she can be kicked out of the team if she's running late. What form of trust is involved here?
Team cohesion is higher at:
When the output of one person is the direct input of another person (or unit), and this does not return to the previous person in the chain, the following form of mutual task interdependence occurs.
The "groupthink" phenomenon means that:
Merit pay plan: What should a company with reciprocal task interdependence not base its pay plan on in order to maximize the motivation of the workers?
Which stressor is counteracted here? Do not ask a subordinate to do things that are not in line with what others expect of them.
Which of the following is not listed as a characteristic that determines how members of a group behave?
What kind of task interdependence is there when members of the group are required to perform specific behaviors in a predetermined sequence?
Which is incorrect? A CEO can do the following to prevent process losses with reciprocal task interdependence:
What kind of task interdependence belongs to an All-chanel network?
Which statement is correct?
I. Individuals often get more ideas than groups that brainstorm.
II. "Diffusion of responsibility" is a detrimental consequence of group decision-making.
Mary Parker Follett was for cross-functioning. What does this mean?
Name two advantages of heterogeneous groups.
Can diversity also ensure group cohesion, instead of similarity?
What happens if there is too much group cohesion on the following points?
Name an advantage and a disadvantage of the telephone as a means of communication.
For the following 3 types of technologies, indicate which type of task interdependence and which type of structure is associated with it:
Which two OD techniques exist at group level?
Arrange the following phases of Tuckman's Five Stage Model in the correct order.
A. Calculus-based trust.
B. Reciprocal task interdependence than with sequential task interdependence.
B. Sequential interdependence.
B. Highly cohesive groups value consensus so much that this is at the expense of the quality of decisions.
A. Base payment on individual performance.
A. Role conflict.
D. The intensity of the collaboration.
B. Sequential task interdepence.
A. Base salary on performance.
C. Reciprocal task interdependence.
A. Only I is correct.
Cross-functioning: Members from different departments work together in teams to achieve organizational goals.
Heterogeneous groups will often make good decisions because there are different perspectives on the problem and the group will perform well because it has many different resources at its disposal.
Yes, if diversity of group members helps to achieve their group goals, then diversity, rather than similarity, can create group cohesion.
Advantages of the phone:
Disadvantage of the phone:
The correct order is B. forming, A. storming, D. norming, C. performing, E. adjourning.
What are the three main characteristics of active listening?
Mail:
Which of the communication media below generally has the least media richness?
When is jargon positive and when negative?
A. Sensing, evaluating, and responding.
B. Makes status differences less noticeable.
B. An email that is sent to all employees of an organization.
Jargon facilitates communication within the group that understands these terms, but it hinders communication outside the group, where people do not understand the jargon.
What power do employees have thanks to 360-degree feedback?
Martin wants to ask his colleagues to use recycled products. He would like his colleagues to identify with his request and be motivated to use recycled products. Which two influence tactics can Martin best use?
Which of the following statements about hard influence tactics is true?
Which influencing technique actively uses both legitimate power and coercive power?
What form of power does not arise from a person's formal position in the organization?
What is not an impression management technique?
Which statement is correct?
I. Impression management is mainly used for receivers who have less power, so that the power difference becomes clearer.
II. People who score high on self-monitoring are more likely to use impression management tactics, such as adaptation to social norms, than people who score low.
Which statement is correct?
I. The chance of conflict between functions and divisions increases when task interdependence changes from reciprocal to sequential.
II. As a charismatic power, there is loss of legitimate power, reward power and coercive power of terrain.
Name two advantages of power.
As a manager, is it best to share the information you have with subordinates or is it better to retain your own power?
When is charismatic power a disadvantage?
B. Reward power.
A. Persuasion and exchange.
C. Information control is a hard influence tactic.
A. Assertiveness.
B. Expert power.
D. To give up one's own knowledge.
C. Only II is correct.
C. Only II is correct.
Two advantages of power:
The manager is better able to share the information with employees, because the most effective organizations are those organizations where the information is mutually shared. By making information more easily accessible, employees are given more responsibility, which also makes them more motivated.
Charismatic power is a disadvantage if the followers follow the leader blindly and do not take personal responsibility for their actions because they think the leader knows what is best for the organizations.
Janis has low assertiveness and low cooperativeness. Which interpersonal conflict-handling style is she likely to use?
In which situation is it advisable to use forcing as an interpersonal conflict management style?
There are several structural approaches to conflict management. One of these approaches is to give the conflicting parties more opportunity to communicate and understand each other. This approach is especially effective when there is a:
A supermarket is on the verge of bankruptcy. An organizational change must be implemented quickly. It is clear to everyone that there will be several employees who will lose things that are of value to them as a result of the organizational change. What strategy to minimize resistance to organizational change is best applied in this case?
In conflicts between two parties, a third party can sometimes offer a solution in resolving the conflict (third-party conflict resolution). In which type of intervention does the third party have a high degree of decision control and a low degree of process control?
Which statement is correct?
I. As organizations grow, they will further differentiate.
II. Large organizations have few levels in the hierarchy in proportion to their size and small organizations have relatively many levels.
Which of the following improvements helps / help companies with a differentiation strategy?
Which of the following ways of dealing with conflict is / are good for the organization?
How can one reduce the risk of conflict by changing the organizational culture?
C. Avoiding.
C. When you know you are right and the conflict needs to be resolved quickly.
B. Individualistic culture.
C. Negotiation.
B. Arbitration.
B. I and II are both correct.
B. Improving the quality.
Compromise and collaboration are good for an organization, because the parties try to find a way that gives them both an advantage. When one of the other ways occurs, the next, worse phase of conflict arises: manifest conflict.
By ensuring strong organizational values and norms, people in different functions and divisions will have the same overall vision, reducing the likelihood of conflict.
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) assumes that:
Transformational leadership has a number of elements. Two of them are:
Which statement is correct?
Which statement is correct?
I. Men and women appear to have a different leadership style.
II. Women have an autocratic style of leading subordinates and men are more democratic.
A company has 2 contenders for a promotion. Employee A is task-oriented, and employee B is relationship-oriented. Both employees are in the situation of Good leader-member relations, Low task structure and Low position power. Which of the two employees will be the most effective?
Name the difference between a transactional and a transformational leader.
B. Effective leaders adapt their leadership style to the readiness of the subordinates.
C. Creating a strategic vision and communicating this vision.
C. Leadership substitute is something that takes the place of a formal leader and makes leadership unnecessary, is positive.
D. I and II are both incorrect.
This leadership situation falls into the category of moderately advantageous situation. It turns out that relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in these situations, so Employee B will function best.
A transformational leader can also be a transactional leader, by rewarding high achievers, but a transformational leader takes it a step further by making the subordinates put their self-interest aside for the benefit of the group and take responsibility for helping others.
Louis works in the product development department. He will be working on a project together with Mohammed from the sales department and Denise from the marketing department. They want to come up with the best possible new product. They want to use the knowledge of all three departments for this. To this end, they will work together as a team and also remain connected to their own department. This is about the next form of departmentalization.
A mechanistic organizational structure best suits a technology that is characterized by a:
Which statement is correct?
Explain why matrix structures are only used by companies that rely on rapid product development and produce specialty products that meet special customer needs.
Which structure does a company with a transnational strategy usually choose?
B. Matrix structure.
B. Low variability and a high analyzability.
A. Craftswork has a low task variety and low task analyzability.
Due to its flexibility, the matrix structure has enormous coordination advantages. The company can quickly bring new products to the market. It also has an increasing effect on communication and coordination between team members. Finally, it stimulates creativity and innovation. However, due to the complicated structure it can cause motivation problems: The matrix structure can cause a high degree of work stress, and it increases the risk of role ambiguity and role conflict. Moreover, it is difficult to identify individual achievements, which in turn reduces the chances of promotion.
A company with a transnational strategy usually opts for a global matrix structure.
Pharmacy Johnson acquires Pharmacy Peterson. Both pharmacies have a different organizational culture. Pharmacy Peterson has a weak dysfunctional organizational culture, is aware of this and is open to other cultural values. Drugstore Johnson has a strong organizational culture that is in line with the external environment. Which strategy for merging different organizational cultures works best in this case?
A strong corporate culture has the potential to increase a company's success by fulfilling three key functions, namely that of
Organizational culture has three elements. Rituals and organizational language are part of:
What does Ben Scheider's ASA framework entail?
Name the two building blocks of organizational structure.
A. Assimilation.
C. Control system, social glue, and sense making.
A. Artifacts.
ASA framework: Attraction - Selection - Attrition: Ben Schneider claims that individuals with the same personality are attracted to an organization (attraction), this organization accepts them (selection) and individuals with different types of personalities leave the organization (attrition). This gives an organization employees with the same type of personality, which in turn determines the nature of the organization.
Integration and differentiation.
Which of the following statements about the driving forces from Lewin's Force Field Analysis Model is false? Floating powers
What is not a main reason people resist change?
The book identifies six strategies for minimizing employee resistance to organizational change. An example of the employee involvement strategy is an organization
What three steps does the implementation of changes take according to Lewin?
A. Maintain the status quo.
B. Openness to experience.
B. Build cross-functional teams and assign them to come up with recommendations on ways in which the organization can become a market leader.
Implementing changes starts with "unfreezing". Then the desired change is implemented ("making the change"). The last phase is called "refreezing".
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