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Super Summary - Historical and Conceptual Issues in Psychology

The invention of writing has ensured that information could be stored externally. The fact that numbers were invented also made a major contribution to the growth of knowledge. The ancient Greeks and Romans were already thinking about philosophical issues and invented many different things. But the growing knowledge was limited by the influence of the church. As a result, the next big growth in knowledge was during the seventeenth century, when a scientific revolution took place. There was a shift from a geocentric to a heliocentric model of the universe. Many new inventions followed and this also had an impact on daily life. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century the first books on psychology were written. The evolution theory was also described for the first time around this period. The first psychological movements such as structuralism, functionalism, gestalt psychology, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis emerged. Psychology was not yet seen as science. More insight was gained into the human brain during the Renaissance. Later people became more interested in the "mind-brain dilemma". Terms as free will and consciousness became important. The WWII had a great influence on the start of clinical psychology due to the psychological problems of soldiers. The first psychoactive drugs were also discovered. In the present, psychology is seen as a real science, because it uses a scientific method. For example, falsification is used. A distinction can be made between quantitative and qualitative research methods. It is now stated that human functioning is influenced by biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors. Finally, psychology has had much influence on the contemporary world and how we look at our self and others.

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