This bundle describes a summary of the book "Cognitive Psychology by K. Gilhooly, F. Lyddy, and F. Pollick (first edition)". The following chapters are used:
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of how people and animals process information. It studies how we acquire information, store information in memory, retrieve information and work with information to reach goals. In all these cases, individuals deal with internal or mental representations.
There is a long history of cognitive psychology:
Perception is our sensory experience of the world. Sensation entails the processes by which physical properties are converted to neural signals. Perception does not give us a faithful image of the real-world. There are three fundamental concepts of perception:
Attention is a limited resource that is deployed to facilitate the processing of critical information. One basic taxonomy of attention states that there are two types of attention:
Memory allows us to encode, store and retrieve information. Encoding is the function by which information is coded in a form that allows it to be stored in memory. Storage is the function by which information is retained in memory. Retrieval is the function by which information is recollected as needed. There are several types of memory:
The case of H.M demonstrates three important aspects of long-term memory processes:
Amnesia refers to a pattern of memory loss affecting elements of long-term
........Read moreLearning refers to the processes of acquiring information for mental storage and later use. Forgetting refers to processes leading to a loss of ability to retrieve previously learned information. The first step in learning new information is to encode that information in an internal representation in working memory. This representation needs to be processed further in order to
........Read moreConcepts are mental representations of classes of items (e.g: dogs). Imagery is the mental representation of sensory properties of objects, experiences as like perceiving the object but with less vividness than in reality. There are different approaches to concepts.
The definitional approach looks at the definition of an object in order to form a concept. The concepts
........Read moreThe motor system includes the components of the central and peripheral nervous system along with the muscles, joints and bones that enable movement. Motor control is the study of how body movements are planned by the brain and performed by the body. Woodworth stated that there were two phases: an impulse phase in which the brain calculates the
........Read moreA problem is a situation in which you have a goal but do not know how to achieve it. Thinking is a process of mental exploration of possible actions and states of the world. Problems can be well-defined problems or ill-defined problems. Well-defined problems are problems in which starting conditions, actions available and goals are all completely specified.
........Read moreDecision making is the cognitive process of choosing between alternative possible actions. The normative approach to decision making attempts to establish ideal ways of deciding what will give the best decision possible. Descriptive approaches aim to describe how decisions are actually taken as against how they should be made. A risk in decision making is the possibility of
........Read moreReasoning is the cognitive process of deriving new information from old information. Deductive reasoning is drawing logically necessary conclusions from given information. It’s going from the general to the specific. Inductive reasoning is the process of inferring probable conclusions from given information. It’s going from the specific to the general. Premises are statements assumed to be true from
........Read moreSpeech perception is the process by which we convert a stream of speech into individual words and sentences. The objective when either listening or reading is to understand what is being communicated. Prosody refers to the rhythm, intonation and stress patterns in speech.
There are few clear boundaries between words in spontaneous speech and sounds blend together
........Read moreEmotion refers to a number of mental states that are relatively short-lived and are associated with an eliciting event. There are four key features of emotions:
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