This bundle contains a summary for the course "Cultural Psychology" taught at the University of Amsterdam. This contains the book: "Cultural Psychology by S.J. Heine (third edition)" and several articles.
The following chapters of the book are used:
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14.
The following articles are used:
- Gendron, Crivelli, & Barrett (2018). Universality reconsidered: Diversity in making meaning of facial expressions.
- Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan (2010). Most people are not WEIRD.
- Miyamoto, Nisbett, & Masuda (2006). Culture and the physical environment.
- Plaut, Markus, Treadway, & Fu (2012). The cultural construct of self and well-being: A tale of two cities.
- Talhelm et al. (2014). Large-scale psychological differences within china explained by rice versus wheat agriculture.
Culture is:
Imitative learning (humans) | Emulative learning (primates) |
Cultural variation can be explained in two ways:
The unpackaging of cultures refers to identifying the underlying variables that give rise to the cultural differences as identifying a cultural difference does not tell us which cultural experiences sustain this difference. It consists of identifying an underlying variable (1), demonstrating that this variable actually differs between cultures (2) and demonstrate that the observed cultural differences relate to
........Read moreThe development niche theory is a theoretical framework for understanding and analysing how culture shapes child development:
There are several key characteristics of an independent self:
There are several key characteristics of an interdependent self:
Enculturation refers to the process of first-culture learning. Acculturation refers to the process of cultural change when you interact with people from another culture (i.e. second-culture learning). It is relevant to study acculturation as there is a lot of contact (1), diversity (2) and contact with other cultures (3).
Migration refers to
In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there are different needs and motivations.
One problem with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is that it is phrased in Western terms.
People with an independent self-concept attempt to achieve the connectedness motivation through securing uniqueness. People with an interdependent self-concept attempt to achieve the connectedness
........Read moreAnalytic thinking can be characterized by different things:
There are cultural differences of emotion in appraisal (1), emotion stimulus (2), action-readiness (3), physiological response (4), emotion word (5) and emotional behaviour (6).
The James-Lange theory (i.e. evolutionary approach) of emotion states that emotions are physiological responses to stimuli in the world and emotions are invariant, innate biological responses. This theory assumes universality of emotional
........Read moreThere are several universal physical features of attractiveness:
Every culture provides a symptom pool of recognized and discussed symptoms that lead people to express their inner conflicts in a familiar language. There are cultural differences in the extent to which certain mental illnesses are prevalent and in the extent to which certain symptoms are part of mental disorders. There is also a difference in the way
........Read moreThe universality thesis states that certain configurations of facial movements are universally perceived as expressing particular emotions. It is possible that people are active perceivers who categorize facial movement using culturally learned emotion concepts.
The universality thesis might have found more support because of the methodological constraints put on the participants (e.g. matching facial expressions to
........Read moreResearch in psychology tends to assume that everyone shares the most fundamental cognitive and affective processes and that findings from one population apply to other populations. Most psychological research is conducted on Western (W), educated (E), industrialized (I), rich (R) and democratic (D) (WEIRD) participants.
Evidence suggests that there are cultural differences in cognitive and affective
........Read morePeople of Western culture tend to engage in context-independent cognitive processes and people of East Asian cultures tend to engage in context-dependent cognitive processes. The cultural differences in attentional pattern might be afforded by cultural differences in the physical environment.
Japanese scenes (i.e. cities) are judged to be more ambiguous and complex than American scenes. Cultural
........Read moreIt is possible that location (i.e. city) is relevant for the self and well-being because local contexts have different ecologies and histories and vary in their often subtle and implicit cultural understanding of how to be and how to be well.
In individualistic settings, well-being is correlated with self-esteem, positive affect and happiness.
People
........Read moreThere are major cultural differences within China. Farming rice makes a culture more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes a culture more independent.
Western culture is more individualistic and analytic thinking and East Asian culture is more interdependent and holistic thinking. Analytical thinking uses abstract reasoning and formal categories and holistic thinking is more intuitive. There are
........Read more
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