Summaries and study notes: Startup pages for studying Statistics - Bundle

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Statistics: suggestions, summaries and tips for encountering Statistics

Statistics: suggestions, summaries and tips for understanding statistics

Statistics: suggestions, summaries and tips for applying statistics

Statistics Magazine: Understanding statistical samples

Recognizing commonly used statistical symbols: greek, latin and mathematical

In statistics, you will come across many symbols. Most of the statistical symbols are greek, latin and mathematical symbols and each has a different meaning in statistics.
On this page you will find the most commonly used statistical symbols in alphabetical order with their name and meaning for a quick reference.

Sign	Description	Meaning in statistics
$\huge{\alpha}$	Alpha	Chance of type I error
$\huge\beta$	Beta	Chance of type II error
$\huge\beta_i$	Beta of i	Standardised regression coëfficiënt
$\huge\epsilon$	Epsilon	Error
$\huge\eta^2$	Eta squared	Measurement of effect size
$\huge\mu$	Mu	Mean of scores of population
$\huge\rho$	Rho	Correlation in population
$\huge\sigma$	Sigma	Standard deviation
$\huge\sigma^2$	Sigma squared	Variance of population
$\huge\sigma_x$		Standard error
$\huge\tau$	Kendall’s Tau	A non-parametric correlation coefficient
$\huge\varphi$	Phi	Association between two categorical variables
$\huge \chi^2$	Chi-square	Association between two categorical variables
$\huge\omega^2$	Omega squared	Measurement of effect size

Sign	Meaning in statistics
$\huge b_i$	Regression coefficient
$\huge df$	Degrees of freedom
$\huge e_i$	Error associated with variable i
$\huge F$	F-statistic
$\huge H$	Kruskall-Wallis test statistic
$\huge k$	Number of levels of variables
$\huge ln$	Natural logarithm
$\huge MS$	Mean squared error
$\huge N, n, n_1$	Size of sample of population
$\huge P$	Probablity
$\huge r$	Pearson’s correlationcoefficient
$\huge r_s$	Spearman’s rank correlationcoefficient
$\huge r_b$	Biserial correlationcoefficient
$\huge r$	Multiple correlationcoefficient
$\huge R^2$	Determination coefficient
$\huge s$	Standard deviation of sample of population
$\huge s^2$	Variance of sample of population
$\huge SS$	Sum of squares
$\huge SSA$	Sum of squares of variable A
$\huge SS_M$	Model of sum of squares
$\huge SS_R$	Rest sum of squares
$\huge SST$	Total sum of squares
$\huge t$	Test statistic for t-test
$\huge t$	Test statistic for Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-rank test
$\huge U$	Test statistic for Mann-Whitney test
$\huge W_s$	Test statistic for Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test
$\huge\bar{x}$	Mean of sample scores
$\huge z$	Point of data expressed in units of standard deviation

Sign	Description	Meaning in statistics
$\huge\bar{\small[value]}$	Bar notation	Mean of: [value], or everything directly below the bar sign
$\huge\hat{\small[value]}$	Hat operator notation	Estimator (or predicted value of a sample) of: [value], or everything directly below the hat operator sign
$\LARGE\prod \small[value]$	Product notation	Multiplying of: [value], or everything directly after the product sign
$\LARGE\sum \small[value]$	Sigma notation	Summification of: [value], or everything directly after the sigma sign
$\huge\sqrt{\small[value]}$	Square root notation	Square root of: [value], or everything directly after the square root sign