International relations and international organizations - Theme

Summaries, internships, tips and tools for study and work in international relations, studies and organizations

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International relations and international organizations - Theme

What is international organization as study or working field?

The study of International Organizations (IOs) dives into the world of institutions created by cooperation between nations. It examines their structures, functions, roles, and impacts on the global stage.

What are the main features of international organization?

Focus on Institutions: Analyzes the design, operation, and decision-making processes within IOs like the United Nations, World Trade Organization, or regional organizations like the African Union.
Multidisciplinary Approach: Draws from political science, law, economics, history, and international relations to understand the complex dynamics of IOs.
Global Governance: Explores how IOs shape international norms, rules, and practices, contributing to a system of global governance.

What are important sub-areas in international organization?

International Law and IOs: Examines the legal frameworks governing IOs, their legal capacity, and treaty negotiation processes.
IOs and Global Governance: Analyzes how IOs address global challenges like climate change, security threats, and pandemics.
Domestic Politics and IOs: Investigates the role of national interests and domestic politics in shaping the actions of IOs.
Theories of IOs: Explores different theoretical perspectives on the origins, functions, and effectiveness of IOs (e.g., realism, liberalism, constructivism).

What are key concepts in international organization?

Sovereignty: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference. (IOs often navigate the balance between respecting sovereignty and promoting collective action.)
International Regimes: Sets of rules, principles, and norms that govern international interactions in a particular area (e.g., international trade regime).
Legitimacy: The perceived rightfulness and effectiveness of an IO's actions.
Multilateralism: Cooperation involving many countries to address global challenges.
Global Public Goods: Benefits (like peace or environmental protection) that require international cooperation to provide.

Who are influential figures in international organization?

Woodrow Wilson: Championed the concept of a League of Nations after World War I.
David Mitrany: Pioneered the concept of functionalism, where cooperation on specific issues builds trust and leads to broader cooperation.
Hans Morgenthau: A realist scholar who emphasized the role of national interests in shaping IOs.
Robert Keohane: A liberal institutionalist who highlighted the role of IOs in promoting cooperation and addressing global challenges.

Why is international organization important?

The study of IOs is crucial because:

IOs play a central role in addressing global challenges that no single country can solve alone.
They provide platforms for international cooperation, negotiation, and rule-making.
Understanding IOs helps us analyze their effectiveness in promoting peace, security, and global well-being.

How is international organization applied in practice?

Diplomacy: Diplomats work through IOs to negotiate agreements, represent national interests, and address global problems.
International Law: Lawyers specialize in legal issues related to IOs, treaties, and international disputes.
Global Governance: Experts work within IOs or advise governments on how to strengthen global governance through international cooperation.
Research and Analysis: Researchers study IOs to understand their effectiveness and propose solutions for improvement.

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Summaries: home page for international relations and international organizations

Summaries: the best textbooks for international organisations and international relations summarized

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Summaries: the best definitions, descriptions and lists of terms for international relations, organizations and politics

Legal work abroad: why should you do legal work abroad and what do you gain?

Working for an international organisation abroad: what is it, why would you do it and where should you go?

What is working in the non-profit sector or at an international organisation abroad?
Why would you work at an international organisation?
What do you need if you want to work abroad for an NGO?
Where is the best place to work for international organisations?
To what extent are you insured for the risks when working for an NGO abroad?

What is working in the non-profit sector or at an international organisation abroad?

'Working at an NGO' is in fact a collective term for the many functions that this type of organisation offers: from lawyer and accountant to social media campaign leader and from biological fieldworker to investigative journalist.
Depending on your expertise, the sector in which you want to work for a non-profit organisation and the country you want to go to, your options will vary greatly.

Why would you work at an international organisation?

To gain experience: by working abroad, your work experience increases within your own field of expertise but also outside of it in general. During your stay abroad, you experience much more when you go to work than if you were already travelling.
To strengthen your empathy: by working in a different culture, you often strengthen your own ability to put yourself in someone else's shoes. The differences in culture, working methods and communication methods ensure that you accept or accept other things more quickly as they are. Your own perspective quickly becomes broader, more spacious and especially more flexible.
To increase your stress resistance: you regularly work under reasonable or great pressure; working in a different culture can be an attack on your stress resistance. Especially due to pressure that can arise because you have to communicate in a different language, have to perform new tasks or receive limited coaching. Yet for almost everyone, these experiences contribute to a significant increase in your stress resistance.
To discover and accept your own qualities: further away from your familiar environment, you discover more quickly what you can actually do and what you actually want. It is precisely by going to work that you encounter yourself more often, you get to know yourself better and accept who you are and want to be.

What do you need if you want to work abroad for an NGO?

Flexibility: you already need some form of flexibility, the rest you gain during your stay abroad. Communication skills: depending on the type of work, you will need to have a reasonable to good command of the local language.
Independence and/or self-confidence: you already need a certain form of independence, and your self-confidence will grow as a result.
Being aware of your surroundings: an important element for working for an international organisation abroad.
Collaboration skills: networking, both inside and outside your organisation, is crucial for finding a (next) job at an international organisation.

Where is the best place to work for international organisations?

Popular countries to work in, for an international organisation

Belgium
Curaçao
France
United States
Switzerland

Countries where many NGO projects send employees

Bangladesh
Brazil
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Philippines
Ghana
Haiti
India
Madagascar
Nepal
Sint Maarten
Zimbabwe

To what extent are you insured for the risks when working for an NGO abroad?

There may be several reasons why you need separate insurance when working abroad with an international organisation
During work, an internship or volunteering abroad your local health insurance most of the time lapses. You will then need special insurance to remain insured against illness and accidents.
Local employers generally do not offer any, or limited, supplementary insurance.
There is a chance of accidents because, for example, you are doing work with which you have little experience, or because of challenging local working conditions.
A number of specialised insurances offer options for (temporary) paid work abroad.
See the pages about insuring paid work abroad and the pages about your healthcare costs abroad.
Read more: Travel insurances and insurances for long term abroad - Theme
Read more: Betaald werken in het buitenland verzekeren (NL)

Samenvattingen: de beste studieboeken voor internationale organisaties en internationale betrekkingen samengevat

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What is international relations?

International Relations is the study of interactions that transcend national borders. This includes relations between nation-states, but also encompasses interactions with international organizations (like the UN), NGOs, and even multinational corporations.

What are the main features of international relations?

Interdisciplinary: IR draws from political science, economics, history, law, and other disciplines to understand complex global issues.
Global Focus: It looks at the world as a whole, analyzing how different actors interact and influence each other.
Focus on Power: A core theme is understanding the distribution and use of power between different actors in the international system.

What are important sub-areas in international relations?

International Security: Examines war, peace, terrorism, and arms control.
International Political Economy: Analyzes the global economy, trade, and development.
Foreign Policy Analysis: Studies how countries make decisions about their interactions with other states.
Global Governance: Investigates how international institutions and agreements shape the world.

What are key concepts in international relations?

Nationalism: The belief that a nation-state is the primary unit of political organization.
Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world.
Sovereignty: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference.
Balance of Power: The idea that states try to maintain a power equilibrium in the international system.

Who are influential figures in international relations?

Niccolò Machiavelli: Pioneered the study of power politics.
Hans Morgenthau: A realist theorist who emphasized the importance of national interest.
John Locke: Influenced liberal thought in IR, focusing on human rights and cooperation.
Max Weber: Helped define the concept of the state.

Why is international relations important?

Understanding IR is crucial for navigating the complex world we live in. It helps us:

Make sense of global events: From trade wars to pandemics, IR provides frameworks for analysis.
Promote cooperation: IR helps identify areas where countries can work together for common good.
Address global challenges: Climate change, poverty, and terrorism all require international solutions informed by IR principles.

How is international relations applied in practice?

Diplomacy: Diplomats use IR knowledge to negotiate with other countries.
Foreign Policy Making: Governments rely on IR theory to formulate foreign policy.
International Organizations: IR scholars work in organizations like the UN to address global issues.
Journalism: Journalists use IR frameworks to analyze international events.

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What is politics?

Politics is the academic discipline that dissects the who, what, when, where, and why of power. It delves into how power is acquired, exercised, and contested within societies.

What are the main features of politics?

Power Analysis: The central theme is understanding power dynamics – who has it, how they use it, and the impact on individuals and societies.
Focus on Governance: It examines how societies make decisions, create laws, and manage resources through institutions and processes.
Diversity of Approaches: Politics draws from various perspectives, including historical, philosophical, sociological, and economic viewpoints.

What are important sub-areas in politics?

Political Theory: Explores the philosophical underpinnings of politics, like justice, liberty, and democracy.
Comparative Politics: Compares different political systems, like democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian regimes.
American Politics: Focuses on the specific institutions, actors, and processes of US government.
Public Policy: Analyzes how governments create and implement policies to address societal issues.

Wat are key concepts in politics?

Power: The ability to influence others' behavior.
State: The legitimate holder of authority within a territory.
Government: The institutions and processes that wield state power.
Ideology: A set of beliefs about how society should be organized. (e.g., liberalism, socialism, conservatism)
Political Participation: The ways citizens engage in the political process (e.g., voting, protesting, campaigning).

Who are influential figures in politics?

Plato: Debated the ideal form of government in his Republic.
Aristotle: Analyzed different political systems and the importance of citizen participation.
Niccolò Machiavelli: Provided a realist perspective on power politics in The Prince.
John Locke: Championed individual rights and social contract theory.
Karl Marx: Offered a critique of capitalism and envisioned a communist society.

Why is politics important?

Politics is fundamental to understanding the world around us. It helps us:

Become Informed Citizens: Understand your rights, responsibilities, and role in shaping society.
Critically Analyze Political Events: Decipher political rhetoric and make informed decisions about who to support.
Promote Positive Change: Engage in the political process to advocate for your values and improve society.

How is politics applied in practice?

Campaigning: Political consultants and strategists use their knowledge of politics to help candidates win elections.
Policymaking: Policy analysts use political knowledge to design and advocate for effective policies.
Journalism: Political reporters analyze and explain political events for the public.
Activism: Understanding politics empowers individuals and groups to advocate for change in their communities.

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Summaries: home page for international relations and international organizations

Summaries: the best definitions, descriptions and lists of terms for international relations, organizations and politics

Key terms, definitions and concepts summarized in the field of international relations and politics

What is this page about?

Contents: a selection of terms, definitions and concepts for international relations, organizations and politics
Terms: International relations, Politics, Developmental sociology, Development studies, Human rights, Fundamental rights, International organization, Democracy, Public administration, Public policy studies
Language: English
Access: Public

Where to go next?

for all definitions and lists or key terms see Summaries: definitions, descriptions and lists of terms per field of study
for all summaries for international relations, organizations and politics sciences: see international relations and international studies

What to find below?

Read on for the key terms and definitions summarized in the field of international relations, organizations and politics sciences
Click on the term of your interest

What is international relations?

What are the main features of international relations?

Interdisciplinary: IR draws from political science, economics, history, law, and other disciplines to understand complex global issues.
Global Focus: It looks at the world as a whole, analyzing how different actors interact and influence each other.
Focus on Power: A core theme is understanding the distribution and use of power between different actors in the international system.

What are important sub-areas in international relations?

International Security: Examines war, peace, terrorism, and arms control.
International Political Economy: Analyzes the global economy, trade, and development.
Foreign Policy Analysis: Studies how countries make decisions about their interactions with other states.
Global Governance: Investigates how international institutions and agreements shape the world.

What are key concepts in international relations?

Nationalism: The belief that a nation-state is the primary unit of political organization.
Globalization: The increasing interconnectedness of the world.
Sovereignty: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference.
Balance of Power: The idea that states try to maintain a power equilibrium in the international system.

Who are influential figures in international relations?

Niccolò Machiavelli: Pioneered the study of power politics.
Hans Morgenthau: A realist theorist who emphasized the importance of national interest.
John Locke: Influenced liberal thought in IR, focusing on human rights and cooperation.
Max Weber: Helped define the concept of the state.

Why is international relations important?

Understanding IR is crucial for navigating the complex world we live in. It helps us:

Make sense of global events: From trade wars to pandemics, IR provides frameworks for analysis.
Promote cooperation: IR helps identify areas where countries can work together for common good.
Address global challenges: Climate change, poverty, and terrorism all require international solutions informed by IR principles.

How is international relations applied in practice?

Diplomacy: Diplomats use IR knowledge to negotiate with other countries.
Foreign Policy Making: Governments rely on IR theory to formulate foreign policy.
International Organizations: IR scholars work in organizations like the UN to address global issues.
Journalism: Journalists use IR frameworks to analyze international events.

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What is politics?

Politics is the academic discipline that dissects the who, what, when, where, and why of power. It delves into how power is acquired, exercised, and contested within societies.

What are the main features of politics?

Power Analysis: The central theme is understanding power dynamics – who has it, how they use it, and the impact on individuals and societies.
Focus on Governance: It examines how societies make decisions, create laws, and manage resources through institutions and processes.
Diversity of Approaches: Politics draws from various perspectives, including historical, philosophical, sociological, and economic viewpoints.

What are important sub-areas in politics?

Political Theory: Explores the philosophical underpinnings of politics, like justice, liberty, and democracy.
Comparative Politics: Compares different political systems, like democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian regimes.
American Politics: Focuses on the specific institutions, actors, and processes of US government.
Public Policy: Analyzes how governments create and implement policies to address societal issues.

Wat are key concepts in politics?

Power: The ability to influence others' behavior.
State: The legitimate holder of authority within a territory.
Government: The institutions and processes that wield state power.
Ideology: A set of beliefs about how society should be organized. (e.g., liberalism, socialism, conservatism)
Political Participation: The ways citizens engage in the political process (e.g., voting, protesting, campaigning).

Who are influential figures in politics?

Plato: Debated the ideal form of government in his Republic.
Aristotle: Analyzed different political systems and the importance of citizen participation.
Niccolò Machiavelli: Provided a realist perspective on power politics in The Prince.
John Locke: Championed individual rights and social contract theory.
Karl Marx: Offered a critique of capitalism and envisioned a communist society.

Why is politics important?

Politics is fundamental to understanding the world around us. It helps us:

Become Informed Citizens: Understand your rights, responsibilities, and role in shaping society.
Critically Analyze Political Events: Decipher political rhetoric and make informed decisions about who to support.
Promote Positive Change: Engage in the political process to advocate for your values and improve society.

How is politics applied in practice?

Campaigning: Political consultants and strategists use their knowledge of politics to help candidates win elections.
Policymaking: Policy analysts use political knowledge to design and advocate for effective policies.
Journalism: Political reporters analyze and explain political events for the public.
Activism: Understanding politics empowers individuals and groups to advocate for change in their communities.

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What is democracy?

Democracy isn't a standalone field, but rather a concept studied across various disciplines. Political science takes the lead, examining its structures, functions, and challenges. Philosophy explores its theoretical foundations and justifications. History analyzes its evolution and different forms throughout history.

What are the main features of democracy?

Interdisciplinary: Draws from various disciplines to create a comprehensive understanding of democracy.
Focus on Popular Rule: Examines how power is vested in the people and exercised through mechanisms like elections and citizen participation.
Normative and Empirical: Analyzes the ideals of democracy (normative) and how it functions in practice (empirical).

What are important sub-areas in democracy?

Comparative Politics: Compares different democratic systems (e.g., presidential vs. parliamentary) and their effectiveness.
Democratic Theory: Explores different justifications for democracy, its core principles (like liberty and equality), and potential challenges.
Political Participation: Analyzes how citizens engage in the democratic process (voting, activism, etc.).
Democratization: Studies the processes by which countries transition from non-democratic to democratic systems.

What are key concepts in democracy?

Popular Sovereignty: The supreme power resides with the people.
Legitimacy: The government's right to rule is derived from the consent of the governed.
Representation: Citizens choose representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
Elections: Competitive elections are a cornerstone of democracy.
Rule of Law: Everyone, including the government, is subject to the law.
Civil Liberties: Fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to citizens (e.g., freedom of speech, assembly, religion).

Who are influential figures in democracy?

Plato and Aristotle: Early philosophers who debated the ideal forms of government and citizen participation.
John Locke: Championed social contract theory and individual rights.
Montesquieu: Advocated for separation of powers to limit government abuse.
James Madison: Key figure in designing the US system of checks and balances.
John Stuart Mill: Emphasized individual liberty and freedom of expression.

Why is democracy important?

Democracy is crucial because:

It promotes individual rights, freedoms, and equality.
It encourages citizen participation and political accountability.
It provides a peaceful mechanism for transferring power through elections.

How is democracy applied in practice?

Constitution Drafting: Political scientists and legal scholars advise on crafting democratic constitutions that define power structures and citizen rights.
Election Monitoring: Experts observe elections to ensure fairness and transparency.
Promoting Democratic Values: Organizations and activists work to strengthen democratic institutions and practices around the world.
Education and Civic Engagement: Educating citizens about their rights and responsibilities is essential for a functioning democracy.

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What is fundamental rights?

Fundamental rights focus specifically on the legal and constitutional frameworks that protect basic rights and freedoms within a particular country. It delves into the legal interpretations, limitations, and enforcement mechanisms surrounding these rights.

What are the main features of fundamental rights?

National Focus: It primarily examines the legal framework of a specific country's constitution and legal system. (This differs from human rights, which has a more universal perspective.)
Legal Analysis: Focuses on legal doctrines, case law, and judicial interpretations of fundamental rights.
Balance of Power: Analyzes how fundamental rights function within a nation's system of checks and balances, protecting individuals from state overreach.

What are important sub-areas in fundamental rights?

Equality Rights: Examines legal principles that guarantee equal treatment under the law and prohibit discrimination.
Freedom of Speech and Expression: Analyzes the legal boundaries and limitations on free speech and expression within a country.
Due Process Rights: Focuses on legal procedures that ensure fairness in the justice system.
Privacy Rights: Explores the legal protections for individual privacy and personal data.

What are key concepts in fundamental rights?

Constitution: The supreme law of a country that outlines the structure of government and fundamental rights of citizens.
Judicial Review: The power of courts to review the constitutionality of laws and government actions.
Standing: The legal requirement for someone to bring a case challenging a law or government action.
Proportionality: The principle that restrictions on fundamental rights must be necessary and proportionate to achieve a legitimate aim.
Bill of Rights: A document (like the US Bill of Rights) that outlines fundamental rights and liberties.

Who are influential figures in fundamental rights?

John Locke: Philosopher who laid the groundwork for concepts of natural rights and limitations on government power.
Montesquieu: Advocated for the separation of powers to protect individual liberty.
James Madison: Key figure in drafting the US Constitution, ensuring fundamental rights protections.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg: US Supreme Court Justice who championed gender equality through her legal decisions.

Why is fundamental rights important?

Understanding fundamental rights is crucial because:

They are the cornerstone of a democratic society, protecting individuals from arbitrary government actions.
They empower citizens to hold their government accountable.
They provide a legal framework for resolving disputes and ensuring fairness.

How is fundamental rights applied in practice?

Constitutional Law: Lawyers specialize in interpreting and litigating cases involving fundamental rights.
Legal Advocacy: Advocates use knowledge of fundamental rights to challenge discriminatory laws and policies.
Policymaking: Policymakers consider fundamental rights when drafting laws and regulations.
Judicial Review: Judges use their understanding of fundamental rights to decide cases and ensure laws are constitutional.

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What is human rights?

Human Rights is an interdisciplinary field that examines the concept of universal human rights, their legal frameworks, and the ongoing struggle to protect them. It explores the ethical, philosophical, legal, and political dimensions of human dignity and well-being.

What are the main features of human rights?

Universal Focus: It emphasizes the inherent and inalienable rights belonging to all human beings, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, gender, or any other status.
Interdisciplinary Approach: Draws from law, philosophy, political science, sociology, and history to understand human rights issues.
Focus on Advocacy: Human rights scholars not only study rights but also advocate for their protection and promotion.

What are important sub-areas in human rights?

International Human Rights Law: Analyzes legal frameworks and institutions that protect human rights on a global scale (e.g., UN Human Rights Council, International Criminal Court).
Human Rights and Development: Explores the link between human rights and economic and social development.
Human Rights and Specific Groups: Focuses on the specific struggles and rights of marginalized groups like women, children, refugees, and indigenous peoples.
Human Rights in a Globalized World: Examines the impact of globalization, technology, and emerging threats on human rights.

What are key concepts in human rights?

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A landmark document adopted by the UN in 1948, outlining fundamental human rights and freedoms.
Human Dignity: The inherent worth and respect due to every human being.
Social Justice: The fair distribution of resources and opportunities to ensure everyone can enjoy their human rights.
Accountability: The responsibility of states and individuals to uphold and protect human rights.
Empowerment: Providing individuals and groups with the knowledge and resources to claim their rights.

Who are influential figures in human rights?

Eleanor Roosevelt: Championed the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Nelson Mandela: Fought against racial segregation and apartheid, advocating for human rights for all.
Malala Yousafzai: Activist for girls' education rights.
Indira Gandhi: Advocated for the rights of developing nations on the international stage.

Why is human rights important?

Human Rights are crucial because:

They are the foundation for a just and equitable world where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.
They protect people from abuse and discrimination.
They empower individuals to claim their rightful place in society.

How is human rights applied in practice?

Human Rights Lawyers: Work in legal advocacy, litigation, and promoting human rights compliance.
Human Rights Organizations: Work with communities to document abuses, advocate for change, and provide humanitarian assistance.
Policy Development: Human Rights scholars inform policy creation to promote human rights on a national and international level.
Education and Awareness: Educating individuals about their rights empowers them to claim them and hold duty-bearers accountable.

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What is international organization as study or working field?

What is public administration?

What is development studies?

What is public policy studies?

What is developmental sociology?

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Summaries: legendary standard works, literature and manuals about international relations and politics

Summaries of legendary standard works, literature and manuals related to international relations, organizations and politics

Summary with International Economics and Business. Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk

CHAPTER A: ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION- WHAT, HOW AND WHEN?
CHAPTER B: GETTING THE NUMBERS RIGHT
CHAPTER C: INTERNATIONAL TRADE- DRIVERS AND CONSTRAINTS
CHAPTER D: OTHER INSIGHTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE
CHAPTER E: TRADE IMPEDIMENTS
CHAPTER F: EXCHANGE RATES
LIST OF IMPORTANT TERMS

CHAPTER A: ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION- WHAT, HOW AND WHEN?

§A.1 ‘The global economy- Some general information’

There is no one standard answer to the question: “What is globalization?”. Globalization means different things to different people. Take farm leaders, trade unionists and human rights activists as an example ; they all see different pros and cons for globalization.

Based on this argumentation, there are five key issues to be considered:

Cultural globalization > Which is about the debate whether there is one big global culture or a set of universal cultural variables, and the degree to which these universal cultural variables displace embedded national cultures and traditions.

An example that illustrates this debate: there are people afraid of ‘McDonaldization’ (hige multinationals are the carriers of culture globalization) and there are people seeing enough room for local traditions.

Economic globalization > Which is about the decline of national markets and the rise of global markets. Drivers for economic globalization are fundamental changes in technology which permit more efficient ways of internationally organizing production processes.
Geographical globalization > Which is about the result of ‘joint time and space’ due to reduced travel times and the rapid (electronic) exchange of information. Some neo-liberals named this development the ‘end of geography’ in which location no longer matters.
Institutional globalization > Which is about the spread of universal institutional regulations across the world, triggered by US President Reagan’s and UK Prime Minister Thatcher’s ‘revolution’ of neo-liberalism. These neo-liberal policies are represented by institutions such as the IMF (International Monetary Fund), the WB (World Bank) and the WTO (World Trade Organization). These universal institutional regulations are not only on macro-economic level, but also on the micro-economic level: multinationals adopt similar policies under the pressure of competition and regulation.
Political globalization > Which is about the relationship between the power of the market (multinational corporations) versus the nation-state, which continuously has to make changes and updates in reaction to economic and political forces. Popular anti-globalists stress that large multinationals become more and more powerful, out-powering the majority of nation-states. In contradiction, others point out that real evidence for these fears is lacking, as the state has to provide security, a legal system, education and infrastructure, which are all of vital importance for economic activity and growth.

Keynes once said that the master economist should “examine the present in light of the past, for the purpose of the future”, by which the common opinion about economic globalization was that it was a totally new.....read more

Summary with the 2nd edition of International Economics and Business: Nations and Firms in the Global Economy by Beugelsdijk

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International Human Resource Management

Summary of: Ewards, T. & Kuruvilla, S. (2005). International HRM: National Business Systems, Organizational Politics, and the International Division of Labour in MNCs. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1)

INTERNATIONAL HRM

Strategic human resource management: The RBV suggests that the firm’s human resources can be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. But failures by the HRM policy can turn human resources into a major source of disadvantage. Considering transaction cost economics, the decision to add one or more factory workers on the assembly line might be made using the logic of transaction cost analysis. But maybe not when we talk about skilled workers and probably even less again when we’re talking about workers core to our firm.

Human resource management (HRM) is a field of theory and practice that deals with decisions related to policies and practices, that together help to shape the relationship between the firm and its employees. It is suggested that:

Human capital can be a source of competitive advantage; and

HR practices have the most direct influence on the human capital of an organization.

Most conceptual models provide grounds for expecting MNCs to adopt a global element to the way they manage their international workforces to reap the benefits from coordination and integration; consistency and contribution; and learning lessons across operation (transferring knowledge). Another pressure for global HR policies is the country of origin effect (i.e. export the home country style). In contrast, there are also a variety of grounds expecting MNCs to adopt a local element in their HR policies. Decentralization is pressed for by differing national cultures (i.e. multi-culturalism) and national-level regulations and institutions.

A variety of authors argue for a middle way, a combination of the global and local pressures. Yet, the tension between integration (consistency of HR practices in the MNC) and differentiation (local adaptation) is determined by a list of endogenous and exogenous factors, so many in fact that the models are difficult to operationalize.

There are three significant weaknesses and problems to the existing literature:

1. Inadequate conceptualization of national influences
The weak explanatory power of the precise origins and nature of both global and local effects. Importantly, where there is an attempt to analyze a national system it is often couched in terms of culture.

This can take two forms:

Either culture is used in a loose way to capture all aspects of national differences
Use is made of a particular typology of culture, such as Hofstede’s.

Apart from the utility for HR policy, perhaps the major problem with these cultural approaches is that they explain relatively little.

An alternative approach is to focus on the key institutions within a nation. Focus on a national business system, which is a set of interlocking structures and institutions in different spheres of economic and social life that combine to create a nationally distinct pattern of organizing

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Summary: Law of Public International Organizations

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: The creation of international organizations
Chapter 3: The legal position
Chapter 4: The doctrines of powers
Chapter 6: Membership issues
Chapter 7: Funding
Chapter 8: Immunities
Chapter 9: Institutional structures
Chapter 10: Legal instruments
Chapter 11: Decision making & judicial review
Chapter 12: Dispute settlement
Chapter 13: Treaty-making
Published in

Chapter 1: Introduction

The activities of international organizations are subject to law, and give rise to law. Each and every international organization has a set of rules relating to its own functioning. As international organizations do not exist in a vacuum, their activities are also bound to exercise some influence on other legal systems, and absorb the influence of such systems. While it is possible that international organizations are influenced by, and exert influence on, the law of individual nation-states, the more direct and influential links usually exist within the body of rules known as international law.

Critical legal theory

The law of international organizations is still somewhat immature. On numerous points the law lacks certainty. In particular, international legal doctrine has a hard time coming to terms with the relationship between an international organization and the very states which are its members. On the one hand, the law is supposed to respect the interests of individual states. Yet at the same time, the law must also take the interests of the international community into account. Following the critical legal tradition, international law is bound to swerve back and forth between these two poles of sovereignty and community. It is this tension which makes international legal rules often ultimately uncertain. This tension also reflects in the law of international organizations, for example regarding the so-called principle of attribution of powers. Strict adherents to the notion of state sovereignty will not easily admit the existence of implied powers; yet for the protection of community interests, an implied power may well be deemed desirable.

The main benefit of critical legal theory is its capacity to make visible the inherent tensions and contradictions which help shape the law. In this way it can provide great services in understanding international institutional law.

Defining international organizations

What exactly is an international organization? While it is structurally impossible to define in a comprehensive manner, something which is a social creation (social constructs, created by people in order to help them achieve some purpose) to begin with, it is common in the literature to delimit international organizations in at least some ways. One delimitation often made depends on the body of law governing the activities of the organization. If those activities are governed by international law, we speak of an international organization, or at least of an intergovernmental organization. If those activities are governed by some domestic law, we usually say that the organization in.....read more

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Summary: Financial Accounting: An International Introduction

This summary was written in the year 2013-2014.

1. Introduction to Financial Accounting
2. Some Fundamentals
3. Frameworks and Concepts
4. The Regulation of Accounting
5. International Differences and Harmonization
6. The contents of financial statements (newly added chapter)
8. Recognition and measurement of the elements of financial statements
9. The Intangible and tangible fixed assets
10. Inventories
11. Financial assets, liabilities and equity
12. Cash flow statements

1. Introduction to Financial Accounting

Definitions

Accounting has evolved over the years based on a response to different perceived needs in that field. In different countries and in different environments accounting has developed in different ways. Because of this there is not one single definition for the word accounting. Generally speaking, accounting exists to provide service for different types of people dealing with business entities, such as managers, investors, lenders, employees, suppliers, customers, governments, and the public.

There are key words for accounting which are:

Process
Information
Economic nature
Enable decision making

Managerial accounting (internal)

Managerial accounting targets at management within organizations, therefore no commercially confidential information needs to be kept secret. No external checking is needed for the reporting. Compared with financial reporting, it is more detailed, more frequent, and involving forecasting all the important figures for next year. It is concerned with the provision of information intended to be useful to management within the business

Financial accounting (external)

Accounting for users outside of the business itself (examples are listed in the definition, excluding managers). According to IASB, financial reporting is largely designed to provide investors with useful information, concentrating on immediate past. External checking is needed.

Users of financial statements:

Investors
Employees
Suppliers
Governments
Public
Customers
Other lenders

Auditing

A control mechanism made to provide both external and independent checks on the published financial statements and reports of organizations.

Finance: looks at the optimal means of raising money
Financial management: the optimal means of spending it
Financial accounting: reporting on the results of having used it

Bookkeeping

Records data and keeping records of money and financially related movements. It is financial and management accounting that takes the raw data, chooses and presents it as appropriate. Therefore, financial accounting acts as the communicating process to those outside the enterprise.

Regulation

Market forces, the 'state' and accountancy profession together determine accounting regulation. The accounting profession is organized in associations. The European Union requires two types of organization: qualifying bodies (exams & technical rules) and regulatory bodies which are under government control. The coordinating organization for the accountancy profession around the world is IFAC (International Federation of Accountants). The purpose of IFAC is “to develop and enhance a coordinated worldwide accountancy profession with harmonized standards”. IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) is independent and has total autonomy in the setting of.....read more

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Internationale communicatie en interculturele communicatie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

Internationale Bedrijfskunde en Strategie: De beste studieboeken samengevat

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Summaries: legendary standard works, literature and manuals about international law

Summaries: the best definitions, descriptions and lists of terms for international business & strategy

International Business & Strategy: The best concepts summarized

A short introduction to the best concepts of international business & strategy: From business strategy to organizational behavior

What is business strategy?

Business strategy, as a field of study, delves into the art and science of making long-term decisions that shape an organization's direction and achieve its goals. It equips you to analyze a company's situation, identify opportunities and threats, and develop a winning roadmap for success.

What are the key features of business strategy?

Future-Oriented: Strategic decisions consider the long-term direction of the organization, anticipating future trends and market changes.
Competitive Advantage: The core objective is to create and sustain a competitive advantage, allowing the company to outperform its rivals.
Resource Allocation: Strategic decisions determine how resources like capital, talent, and technology will be allocated to achieve the chosen path.
Alignment and Consistency: Effective strategy ensures all parts of the organization are aligned and working towards the same strategic goals.

What are important sub-areas of business strategy?

Competitive Analysis: Examining the competitive landscape, understanding rivals' strengths and weaknesses, and identifying opportunities for differentiation.
Industry Analysis: Analyzing the industry's overall structure, growth potential, and key trends that may impact the company's performance.
Corporate Strategy: Decisions concerning the overall direction of the company, including diversification, mergers and acquisitions, and vertical integration.
Business Unit Strategy: Developing strategies for individual business units within a larger corporation, considering their specific competitive environment and market position.
Functional Area Strategies: Formulating strategies for specific functions like marketing, finance, and operations, ensuring alignment with the overall corporate strategy.

What are the key concepts in business strategy?

Porter's Five Forces: A framework by Michael Porter that analyzes the competitive forces in an industry (threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry) to understand industry attractiveness and profitability.
SWOT Analysis: A strategic planning tool that evaluates a company's Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, providing a comprehensive picture of its internal and external environment.
Value Chain Analysis: Breaking down a company's activities into primary (creating and delivering products) and support activities (infrastructure, HR), identifying opportunities to add value and reduce costs.
Competitive Advantage: The ability to outperform competitors by offering unique value to customers, achieving lower costs, or a combination of both. There are three main types: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
Core Competencies: The unique skills and capabilities that enable a company to create value for its customers and give it a competitive edge.

Who are influential figures in business strategy?

Michael Porter: A prominent scholar whose work on competitive strategy, including Porter's Five Forces and value chain analysis, is foundational to the field.
Peter Drucker: Management consultant who emphasized the importance of innovation and customer focus for long-term business success.
Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad: Introduced the concept of "core competencies" and "blue ocean strategy," advocating for creating new market space rather than competing head-on with rivals.
Clayton Christensen: Pioneered the theory of disruptive innovation, highlighting how established companies can be challenged by new entrants with innovative business models.

Why is business strategy important?

Effective business strategy is crucial for a company's

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What is organization?

Organization studies, also known as organizational studies or organization science, dives deep into the complexities of how organizations function. It examines how individuals, groups, and structures interact within organizations to achieve goals, adapt to change, and ultimately influence society.

What are the main features of organization?

Focus on Collective Action: It explores how individuals within organizations collaborate, coordinate, and make decisions to achieve a common purpose.
Multidisciplinary Approach: Organization studies draws insights from various disciplines like sociology, psychology, economics, and management to understand organizational behavior.
Formal and Informal Structures: It analyzes both the formal structures and processes designed by management, as well as the informal networks and relationships that emerge within organizations.
Power Dynamics: This field examines how power is distributed within organizations, influencing decision-making, resource allocation, and overall organizational behavior.
Organizational Change: A crucial aspect of organization studies is understanding how organizations adapt to internal and external changes in the environment.

What are important sub-areas of organization?

Organizational Theory: Explores different theoretical perspectives on how organizations function and evolve, including bureaucracy, institutional theory, and resource dependence theory.
Organizational Behavior: Focuses on individual and group dynamics within organizations, studying leadership, motivation, communication, and conflict management.
Strategic Management: Analyzes how organizations formulate and implement strategies to achieve long-term goals, considering factors like competition, market opportunities, and resource allocation.
Organizational Design: Studies how organizations structure themselves to achieve efficiency and effectiveness, considering factors like departmentalization, centralization, and formalization.
Organizational Culture: Examines the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape the way individuals interact and work within an organization.

What are the key concepts in organization?

Formal Structure: The official hierarchy and reporting relationships within an organization, often depicted through organizational charts.
Informal Structure: The network of unofficial relationships and communication channels that exist within an organization.
Organizational Culture: The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape the way individuals interact and work within an organization.
Power: The ability to influence others' behavior and decisions within an organization.
Organizational Change: The process of adapting an organization's structure, processes, or culture to meet new challenges and opportunities.

Who are influential figures in organization?

Max Weber: Developed the concept of bureaucracy, a formal structure characterized by hierarchy, rules, and specialization.
Frederick Winslow Taylor: A pioneer of scientific management, emphasizing efficiency and standardization of work processes.
Henri Fayol: Contributed to classical management theory, focusing on principles of management like planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Elton Mayo: Pioneered the Hawthorne studies, demonstrating the importance of social factors on worker productivity.
H. Mintzberg: Known for his work on organizational structure, identifying different configurations of organizational design.

Why is organization important?

Organization studies is crucial for several reasons:

Understanding Organizations: It equips individuals with the knowledge to navigate complex organizational structures, work effectively within teams, and contribute to organizational success.
Effective Management: This field provides valuable insights for managers to lead teams, make informed decisions, and foster a positive organizational culture.
Organizational Change: By understanding how organizations change, leaders can

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What is management?

Management, as a field of study, equips individuals with the knowledge and skills to effectively plan, organize, lead, control, and coordinate resources (human, financial, material) to achieve an organization's goals. It's a broad discipline encompassing various aspects of running a successful enterprise. Here's a breakdown:

What are the main features of management?

Goal-Oriented: Management practices are designed to achieve specific organizational objectives, ensuring all activities contribute to the overall goals.
Decision-Making: Managers make informed decisions by analyzing information, considering alternatives, and weighing potential risks and rewards.
Leadership: Effective leaders inspire, motivate, and guide their teams towards achieving common goals.
Communication: Clear and concise communication is essential for collaboration, task delegation, and ensuring everyone is aligned with the organization's direction.

What are important sub-areas of management?

Human Resource Management (HRM): Focuses on attracting, developing, and retaining a talented workforce to achieve organizational goals.
Organizational Behavior (OB): Examines how individuals, groups, and structures interact within organizations, influencing overall effectiveness.
Operations Management: Ensures efficient and effective production of goods or services, optimizing processes and managing resources.
Marketing Management: Develops and implements strategies to promote products or services to target markets, driving sales and revenue growth.
Financial Management: Manages the company's finances, including securing capital, making investment decisions, and ensuring financial stability.

What are the key concepts in management?

Planning: Setting organizational goals, developing strategies to achieve them, and creating action plans to guide day-to-day operations.
Organizing: Structuring the organization to efficiently achieve goals, allocating resources, and assigning tasks.
Leading: Motivating, inspiring, and guiding employees to achieve their full potential and contribute to the organization's success.
Controlling: Monitoring progress towards goals, measuring performance, and taking corrective action as needed.
Organizational Culture: The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that characterize an organization, influencing decision-making and employee behavior.

Who are influential figures in management?

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915): Pioneered scientific management, focusing on efficiency and work process optimization. While some aspects are outdated, his work laid the groundwork for management practices.
Henri Fayol (1841-1925): Developed 14 Principles of Management, emphasizing planning, organizing, leading, and controlling as core managerial functions.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970): Proposed Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a framework explaining human motivation, influencing how managers can motivate employees.
Peter Drucker (1909-2005): Management consultant who emphasized the importance of innovation and knowledge workers for organizational success.

Why is management important?

Effective management is crucial for organizational success in several ways:

Achieving Goals: Provides a framework for setting clear goals, allocating resources, and ensuring activities are aligned with desired outcomes.
Increased Efficiency and Productivity: Management practices optimize workflows, improve resource utilization, and ultimately lead to a more productive organization.
Motivated Workforce: Effective managers create a positive work environment that motivates employees and fosters high performance.
Innovation and Adaptation: Management practices encourage innovation, facilitate change, and enable organizations to adapt to market dynamics.
Competitive Advantage: Strong management skills can give an organization a competitive edge by enabling efficient operations, attracting top talent, and capitalizing on new opportunities.

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What is organizational behavior?

Organizational behavior delves into the intricate dynamics of how individuals, groups, and structures interact within organizations. It's essentially the study of human behavior in a workplace setting and its impact on overall organizational effectiveness.

What are the main features of organizational behavior?

Micro-Macro Focus: OB examines behavior at both the individual and group levels (micro) and how these behaviors influence the organization as a whole (macro).
Multiple Levels of Analysis: It considers factors like individual personalities, group dynamics, organizational culture, and leadership styles, and how these interact to shape organizational outcomes.
Evidence-Based Approach: OB relies on research findings from psychology, sociology, and other disciplines to understand human behavior at work and develop effective management practices.
Dynamic and Evolving: The field of OB is constantly evolving as work environments and employee expectations change.

What are important sub-areas of organizational behavior?

Motivation: Explores what drives employees to work hard, stay engaged, and achieve goals.
Leadership: Examines different leadership styles, their effectiveness, and how leaders influence employee behavior and organizational performance.
Teamwork and Group Dynamics: Studies how groups form, function, and collaborate effectively in organizational settings.
Organizational Culture: Analyzes the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that characterize an organization and their impact on employee behavior and decision-making.
Organizational Change: Investigates how organizations manage change initiatives, employee resistance to change, and how to create a culture that embraces adaptation.

What are the key concepts of organizational behavior?

Motivation Theories: Frameworks like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory explain what motivates individuals at work.
Leadership Styles: Transformational, transactional, participative, and autocratic leadership styles each have different effects on employee motivation and performance.
Group Dynamics: Concepts like groupthink, social loafing, and team norms influence how groups function and make decisions.
Organizational Culture: Culture can be strong or weak, fostering innovation, collaboration, or hindering performance.
Organizational Change Management: Effective change management involves clear communication, employee participation, and addressing resistance to ensure a smooth transition.

Who are influential figures in organizational behavior?

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915): Pioneered scientific management, emphasizing efficiency and productivity. While some aspects are outdated, his work laid the groundwork for understanding work processes.
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970): Developed Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a framework explaining human motivation through a hierarchy of needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
Frederick Herzberg (1923-2000): Proposed the Two-Factor Theory, distinguishing between hygiene factors (work environment) and motivators (achievement, recognition) that influence job satisfaction.
Elton Mayo (1880-1949): His Hawthorne Experiments challenged the scientific management view, demonstrating the importance of social factors on worker productivity.

Why is organizational behavior important?

Understanding OB is crucial for effective management and organizational success:

Improved Employee Performance: Knowing what motivates employees and fosters engagement helps create a work environment that encourages high performance.
Enhanced Team Dynamics: Understanding group dynamics helps managers build high-performing teams that collaborate effectively.
Effective Leadership: OB insights equip leaders to adopt styles that motivate and inspire employees, leading to better organizational outcomes.
Managing Change: OB principles help organizations manage

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What is strategic management?

Strategic management equips organizations with the knowledge and tools to navigate a competitive landscape and achieve long-term goals. It's a comprehensive field that focuses on formulating, implementing, and evaluating strategies to ensure an organization's sustainable advantage. Here's a breakdown of this crucial discipline:

What are main features of strategic management?

Long-Term Focus: This field goes beyond day-to-day operations, emphasizing setting strategic direction and making decisions with long-term consequences in mind.
Competitive Advantage: Strategic management analyzes the internal and external environment to identify an organization's strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats, ultimately aiming to create a sustainable competitive advantage.
Strategic Decision-Making: It involves making critical choices about resource allocation, market positioning, growth strategies, and competitive responses.
Stakeholder Management: Strategic management considers the needs and interests of various stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, and the broader community.
Continuous Process: Strategic management is not a one-time event; it's an ongoing process of monitoring, adapting, and refining strategies in response to a dynamic environment.

What are important sub-areas of strategic management?

Strategic Analysis: Examining the internal and external environment using frameworks like SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis to identify strategic options.
Competitive Strategy: Formulating strategies to gain a competitive edge, considering approaches like cost leadership, differentiation, or focus.
Corporate Strategy: Decisions concerning the overall portfolio of businesses an organization holds, including mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures.
Business Strategy: Developing strategies for individual business units within a larger organization, taking into account their specific markets and competitive landscape.
Strategic Implementation: Putting strategies into action by aligning resources, structures, and processes to achieve strategic goals.

What are key concepts in strategic management?

Competitive Advantage: The ability of an organization to outperform its competitors in the marketplace, delivering superior value to customers.
Strategic Planning: The process of creating a roadmap for the organization's future, outlining its vision, mission, goals, and strategies.
Core Competencies: The unique skills and resources that give an organization a competitive edge.
Value Chain: A framework that analyzes the activities performed by an organization and their contribution to creating value for customers.
Strategic Leadership: The ability to inspire and guide the organization towards achieving its strategic goals.

Who are influential figures in strategic management?

Alfred Chandler: Pioneered the concept of strategy following structure, suggesting that organizational structure should align with the chosen strategy.
Michael Porter: A prominent figure in competitive strategy, known for his five forces framework and his work on generic competitive strategies.
Igor Ansoff: Developed the Ansoff Matrix, a tool for analyzing strategic growth opportunities.
Gary Hamel and C.K. Prahalad: Advocates of "Blue Ocean Strategy," focusing on creating uncontested market space by differentiating from competitors.
Hamel G. Mintzberg: Known for his work on different strategic planning schools and his advocacy for a more flexible and emergent approach to strategy.

Why is strategic management important?

Strategic management is crucial for several reasons:

Improved Performance: It helps organizations make informed decisions that lead to improved performance, profitability, and sustainable growth.
Competitive

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If you run a foundation and/or social enterprise, please make use of JoHo's free Barter Membership system
Under this system, fees and costs have been reduced considerably to facilitate a lot of smaller (and sometimes bigger) colleague organizations making use of The World of JoHo
With a free Barter Membership also organizations with smaller budgets can profit from exposure in JoHo channels and JoHo facilities
Channels and facilities are being offered at, or sometimes even under, cost price

Projects aimed at International Development

If you run an international development project or business, please make use of JoHo's Barter Membership system and/or use JoHo's free World Supporter platform
Are you an individual JoHo member? You can support your favorite international aid project through your membership, by transering facilities and services of your membership to this organization

Media

With several media JoHo partners on a barterdeal basis. This is a type of partnership where none of the two organizations pays or charges fees, or where lowest possible fees are calculated
Starting-point within these kind of deals is that organizations work cost neutral and organizations exchange equally: advertorial-advertorial, banner-banner, flyer-flyer, etc

Student organizations

Do you run or participate in a student organization? Please make use of JoHo's Barter Membership system to promote your organization in JoHo channels
Or contact cooperation@joho.org with your business proposition

Interested?

Please contact JoHo via the contactform on JoHo.org with your proposition.

Cooperating with JoHo: insurances through JoHo

JoHo & Insurance cooperation

Comprehensive product range

JoHo is one of the few organizations where you can directly purchase a comprehensive range of foreign insurances from a variety of insurers. As with our other products and services, we believe that you should be able to choose between the best, the most cost effective and the most specialized insurance

Combinations possible

JoHo offers various possibilities from combining insurances to assisting in transferring from one insurer to another

No price difference

When you purchase an insurance policy through JoHo, you will not pay anymore than if you had purchased it directly from the insurer. Sometimes (through special collective agreements) you will pay even less

Extra support

JoHo offers support with problems that may arise with the insurer. Sometimes disagreement with claims, cancellation notice or insurance premiums can occur. In this situation it helps if you have the assistance of an organization who has an established relationship with the insurer

Experience:

JoHo Insurances have been working with international health insurance providers since many years

Options

Insurances for travellers, intern, volunteering or working holidays abroad

If you run an organization and are looking for an opportunity to insure yourself, your colleagues or your clients properly, you can benefit through JoHo from 'expertise', 'discount' or 'fee' advantages

Insurances for working and living abroad

If you run an organization and are looking for an opportunity to insure yourself, your colleagues or your clients properly, you can get free advice and/or make use of JoHo's expatservice

Interested?

Please contact JoHo via the contactform on JoHo.org with your proposition.

Cooperating with JoHo: benefits from JoHo's World Supporter platform

WorldSupporter

The tool for anyone who wants tot share experiences with his or her friends
The platform for anyone who wants to inspire other global and involved Supporters and World Supporting organizations

Using WorldSupporter

If you run a project aimed at talent development or international cooperation, please use the WorldSupporter platform to get free attention and exposure
If you work for an organization involved in mediation for volunteer projects or internships you can profile your activities on the WorldSupporter platform
If you joined an internship or volunteer organization as a client and want to support your organization, you can promote them by starting an Experience magazine, blogging, sharing photos, videos, vacancies, etc. Promote your organization for free, and inspire others!

Interested?

Please contact JoHo via the contactform on JoHo.org with your proposition.

WorldSupporter: what to do to solve and prevent a problem with your account, login, online access or password

Most common problems and solutions

No account on WorldSupporter.org?
Not able to fill in all required fields by creating an account on WorldSupporter.org?
Not able to create your account with an error message?
Not activated your account on WorldSupporter.org?
Not able to login?
Not able to log in after you receive and use the confirmation link?
Not able to remember, set or use your password?
Being able to log in, but still not able to read all exclusive content or summaries?
Access to all shared materials, but suddenly no longer?
No access the private or public content?

No account on WorldSupporter.org?

Your account and login on WorldSupporter.org is separate from your account on JoHo.org due to digital security and the different roles of both websites.
With your account on WorldSupporter.org you can also create your own content and put it on the website. With your account on JoHo.org you have insight into your subscriptions, memberships and insurances.
Go to the create account page: 'Join WorldSupporter', where you can create an account and profile for WorldSupporter.org.

Not able to fill in all required fields by creating an account on WorldSupporter.org?

To create an account on WorldSupporter you have to fill in following required fields:

Username
- Spaces are allowed; punctuation is not allowed except for periods, hyphens, apostrophes, and underscores.
E-mail Address:
- use an existing e-mail address,
- for access to content for JoHo members and exclusives you need to use the same e-mail adress as when you registered on JoHo.org
First Name:
- same rules as for your username
Last name:
- same rules as for your username
Are you a JoHo WorldSupporter Member?:
- When you are not a JoHo member, you select: "I am not a JoHo WorldSupporter member yet"
- When you are a JoHo member (donateur), you select: "I am a JoHo WorldSupporter member without extra services"
- When you are a JoHo member with extra services (abonnee), you select: "I am a JoHo WorldSupporter member with extra services and online access"
- When you don not know which membership you have: go to www.JoHo.org, log in and check on you account page you will see which membership is mentioned (or check the confirmation e-mail, which is sent after you filled in the membership form on joho.org)
WorldSupportership!:
- Fill in at least one activity in the field of helping out another or your surroundings
Profile Picture:
- Upload your profile picture :
  - files must be less than 2 MB.
  - Allowed file types: png, jpg, jpeg.
- crop your picture (adjust within the margin)
- save your picture
Follow content of your favorite subject or organization on your own profile:
- Select your favorite subject or organization to follow on your profile by typing the name of the country, topic or organization of your choice
- Examples include your student organization, your working field or your country of interest.
- Use only 1 subject or organisation!
Privacy:
- choose who can see your profile and account page
Create new account (button):
- Click to save and go the confirmation e-mail to activate your account with the confirmation link

Not able to create your account with an error message?

Are you already a JoHo member (donor or subscriber): then use the same e-mail address as when you registered at JoHo.org (you also use that e-mail address for logging into joho.org).
Do you get the message that the e-mail address is already in use: then use the 'forgot password' option to regain access to your account.
Switch browsers or devices. If it doesn't work in another browser either, try again later or contact JoHo WorldSupporter

Not activated your account on WorldSupporter.org?

After you create an account on WorldSupporter.org by filling in the form and pushing the 'create account' button, you receive e-mail for the necessary confirmation link
By clicking this link or copying and pasting it to your browser you log in once and will lead you to visit a page where you can set your password.
After setting your password, you will be able to log in at https://www.worldsupporter.org/user
After you logged in for the first time, you can complete your account and profile page

Not able to login?

Go to the login page to log in, or use the "log in" link at the top right of the menu, visible on every page.
Instead of your username, you can also login with your e-mail address.

Not able to log in after you receive and use the confirmation link?

Go to the login page to log in, or use the "log in" link at the top right of the menu, visible on every page.
Choose 'request new password'.
You will then receive a link that allows you to log in and be redirected directly to a page where you need to set a new password.
If this does not work out you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter

Not able to remember, set or use your password?

Instead of your username, you can also login with your e-mail address.
Forgot your password? Click on the 'Log in' link at the top right of any page and choose 'request new password'.
You will then receive a link that allows you to log in and be redirected directly to a page where you need to set a new password..
Please enter a new password immediately, the link you receive is only valid for 1 day
Please note that your password is case sensitive, so please check that Caps Lock is on or off.
If the problems with your password persist, try logging in with another browser (e.g. Firefox or Chrome etc, depending on what you have already tried, ) and/or disable your password manager function if you are using it.
In an exceptional case, a maintenance activity may have taken place, try again later or contact WorldSupporter

Being able to log in, but still not able to read all exclusive content or summaries?

Make sure you are a JoHo member with extra service and online access
- As a member without extra services (<10 euro yearly) you will not have be able to read exclusive content
- If you want to upgrade your membership (10 euro yearly or more) to read exclusive content access you can: change your membership
- If you are not a member yet, you can: become a member
Make sure you selected the right access on your WorldSupporter account
- go to your account (profile) page
- press the "Edit profile' button
- go to 'Profile'
- go to the field 'Are you a JoHo WorldSupporter Member?
  - choose the right access : 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full online access'
- press the button 'Save' at the end of you page
If this does not work out you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter

Access to all shared materials, but suddenly no longer?

If you suddenly lost access to shared materials that you previously had access to, one of the following situations may apply:
- The e-mail address of your WorldSupporter account is not the same as that of your member registration.
- The direct debit for your membership has failed.
- A supporter has chosen to set the access level of the shared material to 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full access' and you are not yet a 'JoHo WorldSupporter member with full online access'.
To indicate that you wish to register a second email address with your JoHo membership, please log in to joho.org and fill in the form for adjustments on JoHo.org
If a direct debit has failed, you will be contacted by JoHo WorldSupporter, please check your spam folder to see if you have missed a message.
Make sure you are a JoHo member with extra service and online access and that you selected the right access on your WorldSupporter account
If you continue to experience problems, please contact WorldSupporter, stating the specific pages you want to use and, if possible, the error message you receive.

No access the private or public content?

Private content is visible for you (the author) in the 'My Collection' section of your personal user page only and is great for drafts or notes to yourself
- If you have trouble accessing your private content, you can check whether you are logged in at the top right of JoHo WorldSupporter. If you are not yet logged in, you can try to log in and visit your private content again
- If you have trouble accessing your private content once you are logged in, you can contact JoHo WorldSupporter via the contact form with a description of the page you want to visit
Public content is visible for all visitors of WorldSupporter
- If you have trouble accessing public content, you can check your internet connection. If your internet connection is down, you can try to visit the page later, with a better internet connection.
- If you have trouble accessing public content with a working internet connection, you can check the access level of the page you try to visit. Authors can change the access level of their content
- If you keep experiencing problems with accessing the public content, please contact JoHo WorldSupporter via the contact form with a description of the page you want to visit

WorldSupporter: aanmelden bij JoHo WorldSupporter

WorldSupporter: toolkit for adding and using content on WorldSupporter

WorldSupporter: About & FAQ

WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about summaries on WorldSupporter.org

WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about adding content and reactions

WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about your WorldSupporter account

WorldSupporter FAQ: all questions and answers

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WorldSupporter FAQ: questions and answers about summaries on WorldSupporter.org

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