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What does work and organizational psychology focus on?
Applying psychological theories to the work situation
The authenticity of a company
Analyzing and organizing the industrial branch within a company
All of the above answers
Which three different domains does industrial and organization pyschology consist of?
Work psychology, Organizational psychology, Human engineering
Work Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Production Psychology
Staffing psychology, Organizational psychology, Production psychology
Staffing psychology, Organizational psychology, Human engineering
The famous Hawthorne studies studied the influences on ...
Employee satisfaction
Employee productivity
The different types of employees
The relationship between employer and employee
Hofstede's theory has 5 dimensions. The degree of femininity is one of them. What is meant when it is said that a country scores high on the 'degree of femininity'?
This country has a high percentage of working women
This country has a culture that focuses more on interpersonal relationships and communication
This country has a culture that is especially beneficial for women
What are the five cultural dimensions described by Hofstede?
Power distance, stimulation / certainty, individualism / collectivism, masculinity / femininity, short / long term orientation
Power distance, stimulation / certainty, individualism / collectivism, masculinity / femininity, tradition
Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism / collectivism, masculinity / femininity, tradition
Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism / collectivism, masculinity / femininity, short / long term orientation
Triandis' theory (1995) is a variation on Hofstede's theory. Instead of five dimensions, according to Triandis there are two cultural dimensions, namely individualism / collectivism and horizontal / vertical. Which of the countries below is oriented horizontally and individually?
Sweden
United States
China
Greece
A. Applying psychological theories to the work situation
D. Staffing psychology, Organizational psychology, Human engineering
B. Employee productivity
B. This country has a culture that focuses more on interpersonal relationships and communication
D. Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism / collectivism, masculinity / femininity, short / long term orientation
A. Sweden
Which of the following statements is correct?
In an experimental study there is no random assigniment of participants to different conditions
Industrial and organizational psychology has only one form of research design
In a quasi-experimental study, participants are divided into different conditions, but not randomly
Experimental research takes place exclusively in a laboratory
Data obtained using test scales, assessment scales and questionnaires are called ...
Quantitative data
Qualitative data
Observational data
Expensive data
The improbability of the null hypothesis is determined on the basis of
The p value
The literature obtained
The statistical power
The correlation coefficient
When you examine the relationship between extraversion and leadership behavior, what kind of variable is 'leadership behavior'?
An independent variable
A dependent variable
A predictor variable
A control variable
"To what extent the test covers the intended domain of knowledge, skills and behavior." - What form of validity is described here?
Content validity
Construct validity
Criterion validity
Competitive validity
Which of the statistics below are part of inferential statistics?
Average
Variance
Score distribution
T-tests
Which of the following statements about methods and constructs are true?
There is a limited number of constructs that can be used to predict work performance
There are an infinite number of constructs that can be used to predict work performance
Physical capacity is an example of a method to predict work performance
A personality questionnaire is an example of a construct that can predict work performance
C. In a quasi-experimental study, participants are divided into different conditions, but not randomly
A. Quantitative data
A. The p value
C. A predictor variable
B. Construct validity
A. Average
A. There is a limited number of constructs that can be used to predict work performance
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) The Big-Five is cross-culturally applicable, (2) The Big-Five is hardly questioned and receives little criticsm
Statement 1 is correct, statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect, statement 2 is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
What do we mean by declarative knowledge?
Someone's knowledge of facts, concepts and relationships between concepts
Someone's knowledge of of action-related and goal-oriented knowledge that someone has taught himself
Someone's knowledge of learning processes such as applying a step-by-step plan or reading maps
None of the above
Which of these researchers has had the most influence on the idea that intelligence is an important predictor of work performance?
Mayo
McGregor
Cattell
Wundt
Below you will find some general propositions that prevail within Industrial and Organizational psychology. Which of the statements below is outdated?
The three directions can complement each other in understanding and predicting work behavior
The most relevant level of work behavior is the individual level, and not the work group, organization or culture
Cognitive capacities are just one of many aspects that play a role in understanding predicting work behavior
None of the above statements is outdated
Which of the combinations of instruments below predict the most variance in work performance?
Intelligence tests and integrity tests
Intelligence tests and unstructured interviews
Integrity tests and structured interviews
Intelligence tests and conscientiousness tests
C. Both statements are correct
A. Someone's knowledge of facts, concepts and relationships between concepts
C. Cattell
B. The most relevant level of work behavior is the individual level, and not the work group, organization or culture
A. Intelligence tests and integrity tests
Which of the following components is not part of 'Campbell's 8-component' performance model?
Maintaining personal discipline
Supervision / leadership
Facilitating own performance
Ability to communicate in writing and orally
What is most strongly related to counterproductive behavior?
Personality factors
Age
Workplace
Job satisfaction
Which form of counterproductive behavior involves gossiping about a colleague?
Interpersonal deviance
Intrapersonal deviance
Property deviance
Production deviance
The extent to which an employee exhibits behaviors that are bad for the organization and for his / her task performance is called ... performance.
Task
Contextual
Counter-productive
Situational
C. Facilitating own performance
A. Personality factors
A. Interpersonal deviance
C. Counter-productive
What is meant by the 360-degree feedback?
A method whereby the employee receives feedback from many different sources
A method whereby the employee receives feedback on all possible actions
A method whereby the employee and the employer give each other feedback
A method whereby the employee can enter into a discussion about getting the feedback
Negative feedback that focuses on personal characteristics and not on work-related things is called ....
Destructive criticism
Policy
Modesty bias
Negative reinforcement
The football research by Mark van Vugt and Claire Hart shows that:
Stable teams are more motivated
Stable teams perform better
Stable teams have more cohesion
Stable teams score more goals
A. A method whereby the employee receives feedback from many different sources
A. Destructive criticism
B. Stable teams perform better
Utility is NOT dependent on
Validity
Selection ratio
Cost
Culture
What was the result of the meta-analysis by Grove et al. (2000)?
Clinical prediction never loses from statistical prediction
Statistical prediction and clinical prediction are equally strong when making statements
Clinical prediction is better with certain tasks, experience and background of the data type
Statistical prediction is better regardless of task, experience and background of data type
Which of the following statements about methods and constructs is true?
There is a limited number of constructs that can be used to predict work performance
There are an infinite number of constructs that can be used to predict work performance
Physical capacity is an example of a method to predict work performance
A personality questionnaire is an example of a construct that can predict work performance
The proportion of hired candidates of all candidates - what ratio is described here?
Selection ratio
Base rate
Success rate
Staff ratio
What is the most favorable base rate for the utility of a selection procedure?
0.10
0.20
0.50
0.80
D. Culture
D. Statistical prediction is better regardless of task, experience and background of data type
A. There is a limited number of constructs that can be used to predict work performance
A. Selection ratio
C. 0.50
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Skinner is the inventor of the reinforcement theory
Reinforcement is the least effective if it is applied immediately after the behavior
Skinner states that behavior is learnt by rewarding it
All of the above statements
Which of the following characteristics on which employees can differ is likely to have more influence on the performance of tasks than on the quality of mutual relationships?
Knowledge and expertise
Age
Ethnicity
Socio-economic class
The idea that people learn indirectly by observing others is based on ...?
Trainee learning
Trainee motivation
Social learning theory (Bandura)
Reinforcement Theory (Skinner)
B. Reinforcement is the least effective if it is applied immediately after the behavior
A. Knowledge and expertise
C. Social learning theory (Bandura)
Which of the following modes of learning does not correspond to Bandura's social learning theory?
One learns when they someone else perform a behavior
You learn by performing the activity in your head before you perform it in real-life
People learn by making mistakes
People learn by asking others
Maslow knows his need theory involves:
A hierarchical order
Five levels
Basic needs
All of the above answers
Someone who believes he / she has the ability to achieve a certain goal, is said to have what?
An internal locus of control
An objective view
A VIE view
Self-efficacy
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) People with an internal locus of control generally experience less stress and pressure than people with an external locus of control, (2) Type A personalities have an increased risk on cardiovascular diseases.
Statement 1 is correct, statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect, statement 2 is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
Similarity attraction means ..
That there is less confidence in in-group members than in out-group members
That people feel more attracted to people who look like them
That there is more similarity within groups than outside groups
That there is more confidence in in-group members than in out-group members
Which type of satisfaction is most related to getting responses to the work that individuals do?
Work-home balance satisfaction
Career satisfaction
Intrinsic satisfaction
Extrinsic satisfaction
If the main reason to start working for an employer is to be accepted by others, what level of Maslow's need hierarchy is this employee focused on?
Security
Esteem
Social
Self-development
C. People learn by making mistakes
D. All of the above answers
D. Self-efficacy
C. Both statements are correct
D. That there is more confidence in in-group members than in out-group members
C. Intrinsic satisfaction
A. Security
Satisfaction with the central aspects of the work itself, is called:
Intrinsic satisfaction
Extrinsic satisfaction
Fixed satisfaction
Overall satisfaction
Which of the following statements are correct? (1) Process emotions arise from considering the tasks that someone is currently performing, (2) In an affect circumplex, emotions are arranged along three axes.
Statement 1 is correct, statement 2 is incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect, statement 2 is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
The affect circumplex is a visualization of ..?
In which ways productivity is influenced
The classification of discrete emotions on a circle based on activation and valence of emotions
A theoretical model about how neurotic people can experience difficulties at work
A type of meta-analysis that examines the effects of affectivity on data
An organization must cut costs and employers are threatened to get fired. Who is most likely to be emotionally affected by this reorganization?
An employee who was hired five years ago and is very ambitious
An employee who was hired two years ago and previously had many different jobs
An employee who was hired immediately after graduation
An employee who has just celebrated his 25th anniversary at the organization
If an assessor avoids giving extreme scores, an ... error can occur.
Central tendency
Leniency
Sternness
Halo
A. Intrinsic satisfaction
A. Statement 1 is correct, statement 2 is incorrect
B. The classification of discrete emotions on a circle based on activation and valence of emotions
D. An employee who has just celebrated his 25th anniversary at the organization
A. Central tendency
Treating clients and patients as objects is a result of
Emotional exhaustion
Depersonalization
Low personal performance
Burnout
Not accepting an applicant on the basis of his or her sexual preference is an example of:
Indirect discrimination
Direct discrimination
No discrimination
Outright discrimination
In which phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is the body mobilizing resources to cope with an increase in stress?
Alarm response phase
Resistance phase
Exhaustion phase
Reflection phase
The Demand-control model of stress indicates that a 'less stressful' job is characterized by ...?
Low control and high demands
Low control and low demands
High control and high demands
High control and low demands
The statement 'I find her an annoying person and I no longer want to cooperate with her' is a clear example of a?
Task conflict
Role conflict
Relationship conflict
Process conflict
B. Depersonalization
B. Direct discrimination
A. Alarm response phase
D. High control and low demands
C. Relationship conflict
With regards to diversity, it is true that:
Group members value homogeneity over heterogeneity
Group members value heterogeneity over homogeneity
Group members show no preference for either homogeneity or heterogeneity of the workforce
Which two models are said to be ineffective in dealing with diversity?
An assimilation and protection model
A tolerance and accepting model
A telecommuting model
A positive action model
A. Group members value homogeneity over heterogeneity
A. An assimilation and protection model
In which of the following forms of leadership does a leader present the behaviors to show the subordinates how they can achieve the desired goals?
Transformational leadership
Charismatic leadership
Authentic leadership
Transactional leadership
Decision making is a(n) ...
Input process
Team process
Output process
None of the above
... team decisions are often attributed to the phenomenon of 'groupthink'.
Poor; less extreme
Poor; extreme
Good; less extreme
Good; extreme
What is the important difference between a leader and a manager?
Leaders prefer change and managers prefer stability
Leadership is innate and being a manager can be learned
Leaders mainly organize, and managers inspire others
Leaders inspire others, ànd managers mainly organize
Which of the following statements is consistent with the latest insights from the leader-member-exchange (LMX) theory?
Leaders must develop high-quality relationships with the least talented people
Leaders must enter into high-quality relationships with the most talented people
Leaders must develop high-quality relationships with all members of the group
Leaders must develop high-quality relationships with employees who score high on 'agreeableness'.
Which of the following statements applies to male leaders?
They are more task oriented
They prefer participatory decision making approaches
They have democratic interactions with subordinates
They are slightly more introverted compared to female leaders
D. Transactional leadership
B. Team process
B. Poor; extreme
A. Leaders prefer change and managers prefer stability
C. Leaders must develop high-quality relationships with all members of the group
A. They are more task oriented
Attributes of team members, including skills, experiences and personality traits are known as .. variables.
Organizational context
Team composition
Team effectiveness
Team diversity
Which of the answers below is not a possible disadvantage of decision making in groups?
Information elaboration
Groupthink
Group polarization
Social loafing
The tendency of groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the decisions of individuals is called:
Group polarization
Group coordination
Group cohesion
Groupthink
B. Team composition
A. Information elaboration
A. Group polarization
The culture of the 'older' organization prevails in an organization. This is called:
Ethnocentrism
Regiocentrism
Polycentrism
Geocentrism
The ASA model stands for
Attention Selection Attraction
Attrition Selection Attraction
Attraction Selection Attrition
Attraction Selection Attention
A marketing manager has a large number of people under him. You could describe this as ..?
Low division of labor
High division of labor
Low span of control
High span of control
Climate / culture refers to the extent to which ..?
Members of an organization are viewed by others as a collective in which they share a certain culture
Members of an organization share perceptions or values / beliefs
Members of an organization are able to resist external influences
Members of an organization attach importance to having fixed rituals and habits.
A. Ethnocentrism
C. Attraction Selection Attrition
D. High span of control
B. Members of an organization share perceptions or values / beliefs
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