When is behavior abnormal? - ExamTest 1

MC Questions

Question 1

Which term is described here?

There is a clinically significant pattern in an individual, this can be done on a psychological and behavioral level.

1. Abnormal behavior

2. A disorder

3. Psychopathology

4. Development standard

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true?

1. Disorders are more common in men than in women.

2. Men suffer more from externalizing problem behavior and women from internalizing problem behavior.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

Question 3

To which person does the following statement belong?

Different symptoms together form syndromes that probably have a common biological basis.

1. Freud

2. Watson

3. Thorndike

4. Kraeplin

Question 4

Freud stated that we all have a (1) ID , a (2) ego and a (3) superego. Put the correct definition with the correct number.

1. The problem-solving part of the mind

2. The impulsive part

3. The part that controls the unacceptable impulses

Question 5

Arrange the phases of Freud's psychosexual stage theory in the correct order.

1. Phallic phase

2. Oral phase

3. Genital phase

4. Latent phase

5. Anal phase

Question 6

To which of the following terms does the following definition belong:

Mental disorders are due to an imbalance or failure of the body.

1. Demonology.

2. Somatogenesis.

3. Behaviorism.

4. Psychoanalytical theory.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

1. It is important when working with young people and their families, to develop and verify prevention programs.

2. It is not important to take the level of development of young people into account.

3. Observation is not common when working with young people and their families.

4. It is more important to collect data than to be sensitive to family roles and social status.

Open Questions

Question 1

Name 4 of the 8 indicators of a disorder.

Answer indication MC questions

Question 1

B. Abnormal behavior is defined as actions of someone who deviates from the normal standard of behavior. Psychopathology interferes with adaptation to the environment and impedes the individual from completing developmental tasks. And development standards say something about the growth of motor skills, language, cognition, and social emotional behavior.

Question 2

C. Men are more sensitive to neurological developmental disorders while women are more sensitive to emotional problems.

Question 3

D. Freud is the founder of psychoanalytic theory, Watson is of behaviorism and Thorndike came up with the law of effect.

Question 4

1. B
2. A
3. C

Question 5

B - E - A - D - C

Question 6

B. Somatogenesis.

Question 7

A. Important for working with young people and their families: different causes must be addressed, study both normal and abnormal behavior, use systematic conceptualization, observation, data collection and hypothesis testing, develop and verify prevention programs, Children have the right to high-quality care, Adults must stand up for the health of children.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

The indicators of a disorder are: developmental delay or regression, a lot or a little behavior, high or low intensity of behavior, a problem with behavior that occurs over time, behavior that does not fit into the situation, abrupt changes in behavior, multiple problematic behaviors, and the quality of behavior is different from normal.

What does developmental psychopathology include? - ExamTest 2

MC Questions

Question 1

There are different developmental trajectories in adolescence. Which description indicates stable maladaptation?

1. Little exposure to negative circumstances, few behavioral problems, and a positive self-image.

2. Exposure to chronic negative conditions and maladaptive behavior.

3. Changes in biological or environmental factors cause adaptation to shift to maladaptation.

4. Temporary maladaptation.

Question 2

What kind of attachment style is most related to maladaptive behavior?

1. A secure bond

2. An unsafe bond

3. An avoiding bonding style

4. Resistant bonding style

5. Disorganized or disoriented attachment style

Question 3

Which is not a universal dimension of temperament (according to Sanson)?

1. Negative reactivity

2. Exhibition

3. Inhibition

4. Self-regulation

Question 4

To which of the following terms does this definition belong:

Variables are related to each other to produce an outcome together.

1. Transactional model.

2. Interactional model.

3. Medical model.

4. Sensitivity-Stress model.

Question 5

To which of the following terms does this definition belong:

A variable that determines the power and direction of a relationship between a predictor and criterion.

1. Immediate effect

2. Indirect effect

3. Moderator

4. Mediator

Question 6

Which definitions belong to vulnerability and resilience?

1. Vulnerability refers to a positive result after a negative or traumatic experience and resilience to the tendency to adapt to living conditions in a negative way.

2. Vulnerability refers to the tendency to adapt in a negative way to living conditions and resilience to a positive result after a negative or traumatic experience.

3. Vulnerability refers to the tendency to adapt in a positive way to living conditions and resilience to a negative result after a negative or traumatic experience.

4. Vulnerability refers to a negative result after a negative or traumatic experience and resilience to the tendency to adapt positively to living conditions.

Question 7

Which definition belongs to equifinity?

1. Different factors can lead to the same outcome.

2. Various factors can be associated with an outcome.

3. Basic position that differs from individual to individual.

4. How children's behavioral tendencies match parental characteristics and other environmental factors.

Open Questions

Question 1

Example: there is a connection between alcohol abuse by parents and performance problems in the child. Is this a direct or indirect connection?

Question 2

What is the difference between necessary and sufficient causes?

Question 3

Describe the difference between the clinical approach and the empirical approach.

Question 4

What is the difference between heterotypic and homotypic continuity?

Answer indication MC questions

Question 1

B.

Question 2

E. Maladaptive behavior is most closely related to a disorganized attachment style, but also to an unsafe attachment. This causes aggression and fear.

Question 3

B. Exhibition. Negative reactivity stands for irritability, inhibition is about the child's response to new persons or situations, and self-regulation describes processes that facilitate or hinder reactivity.

Question 4

B. Interactional model. The transactional model means that development is the result of reciprocal transactions between an individual and environmental context. The medical model means that disorders are discrete entities that arise from specific and limited biological causes in an individual. The sensitivity-stress model means that various causes of psychopathology are sensitivity factors and stress factors that work together.

Question 5

C. Moderator. A moderator reinforces or weakens the outcome and can change the direction of the outcome. A mediator has a direct and therefore causal influence on the outcome. This leads to an outcome or explains it. A moderator is associated with an indirect effect.

Question 6

B.

Question 7

B. Multi-definition means that different factors can lead to the same outcome. Basic disposition is another word for temperament. Goodness-of-fit is the relationship between tendencies of behavior of children fitting with parental characteristics and other environmental factors.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

This is an indirect link. The alcohol problems will not have a direct effect on the functioning of the child, but will cause marital problems and parental difficulties, which in turn influences the child's functioning.

Question 2

Necessary causes must be present for a disorder to manifest itself. Sufficient causes can be responsible for the occurance of a disorder, without the presence of other factors.

Question 3

The clinical approach is clinically derived, categorical and qualitative. It is widely used and the concept of disorders continues to change. The emphasis is on the characteristics of a disorder. The empirical approach is based on statistics, contains clusters of problem behaviors (syndromes), is broad and narrowband, dimensional and quantitative.

Question 4

Heterotypic continuity means that the disorder changes shape or intensity over time and with homotypic continuity the disorder remains stable.

What influence do genes and environment have on behavior? - ExamTest 3

MC Questions

Question 1

The peripheral nervous system carries signals to and from the central nervous system. Which two subsystems does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

1. The sympathetic and parasympathetic system

2. The somatic and sympathetic system

3. The parasympathetic and autonomous system

4. The somatic and autonomous system

Question 2

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

1. Passing on information

2. Regulating heart rate and breathing

3. Connecting the back brain with the brainstem

4. Movement and cognitive processing

Question 3

What are the transactional systems that influence the socio-cultural context of a child?

1. Parent's role, parents' psychopathology, and parenting style.

2. Poverty, environment, and society.

3. Family, the community, and society / culture.

4. The culture, peers, and living environment.

Question 4

What is the most common form of child abuse?

1. Physical abuse

2. Sexual abuse

3. Neglect

4. Emotional or psychological abuse

Question 5

What is not part of a nerve cell?

1. Neurotransmitter

2. Dendrite

3. Axon

4. Cell body

Question 6

Which factors are not included within the cognitive-behavioral perspective?

1. Cognitive factors

2. Emotional factors

3. Social factors

4. Genetic factors

Question 7

What is another word for cognitive structure?

1. Scheme

2. Brain area

3. Region

4. Analysis

Question 10

To which term does the following definition belong:

The parents have strict rules. Independence and individuality are encouraged.

1. Authoritative parenting style

2. Granting parenting style

3. Neglecting parenting style

4. Authoritarian parenting style

Open Questions

Question 1

Explain, with an example, when you use positive reinforcement and when you use negative reinforcement.

Question 2

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer indication MC questions

Question 1

D. The somatic system contains the senses and senses involved in sensory experiences and voluntary movements. The autonomous system is involved in the regulation of arousal and emotions. The autonomous system again consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. This causes an increase or decrease in alertness.

Question 2

D. Movement and cognitive processing. The punch is responsible for passing on information, the medulla for regulating the heartbeat and breathing.

Question 3

C. Each of these systems consists of different structures with different aspects that influence the child.

Question 4

C. Neglect can take various forms such as not meeting physical needs, inadequate supervision or not meeting the educational needs of the child.

Question 5

A. Neurotransmitter. This is a package of chemicals that is sent by an axon to send information.

Question 6

B. Genetic factors. Within the cognitive-behavioral perspective, cognition, emotion behavior and social factors are examined.

Question 7

A. Schedule. A scheme consists of information that is represented in the memory.

Question 8

D. Authoritarian parenting style. An authoritative parenting style contains standards and an eye for the needs of the children. Independence and individuality are encouraged. With an indulgent parenting style, the children are not pushed and they have to figure it out for themselves. The children's impulses are tolerated. A neglecting parenting style consists of parents who are not concerned with the lives of their children and have no emotional connection with them.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Positive reinforcement means that after certain behavior a positive stimulus is offered, which increases the behavior. An example is giving a candy if the child shows good behavior.
Negative reinforcement means that after certain behavior a negative stimulus is removed, which increases the behavior. An example is when a mother demands something from a child and the child gets angry or starts crying, mother withdraws her claim.

Question 2

Genotype is genetic information, such as hair color, and phenotype is the observable characteristic that goes with it, such as blond hair.

What kind of research is involved in this field of psychology? - ExamTest 4

MC Questions

Question 1

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. External validity refers to generalizability.

2. Internal validity refers to the consistency of the results.

   1. Claim 1 is correct.

   2. Claim 2 is correct.

   3. Both statements are correct.

   4. Both statements are incorrect.

Question 2

What is not a limitation of a case study?

1. Validity

2. Reliability

3. Targeting only one person

4. Generalizability

Question 3

What is another word for a time series design?

1. Case study

2. Single-case experimental design

3. Longitudinal design

4. Experimental design

Question 4

What is the definition of reliability?

1. The degree of agreement between different assessors.

2. The degree of consistency of results.

3. Different observations of different behavior under different circumstances must lead to the same conclusions.

4. Different observations of the same behavior under different circumstances must lead to the same conclusions.

Question 5

What is not a characteristic of a correlational study?

1. It is non-experimental.

2. It describes relationships between factors.

3. No manipulation takes place.

4. A cause-effect relationship can be derived from this.

Question 6

What is the difference between a retrospective longitudinal study (RLO) and a prospective longitudinal study (PLO)?

1. With RLO there is information gathering from the past, while with PLO there is gathering information through repeatedly observing individuals over time.

2. With PLO there is question of collecting information from the past, while with RLO it is about collecting information by repeatedly observing individuals over time.

3. At PLO you make use of questionnaires, while at RLO you make use of interviews with the individual and people from that individual's environment.

4. Questionnaires are used in PLO, while RLO is observed.

Question 7

Which statement about randomized experiments is true?

1. They are best to draw a conclusion about causation from.

2. A variable is manipulated by a few participants and not by the rest.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

Open Questions

Question 1

What are the benefits of accelerated longitudinal research compared to cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal research?

Question 2

What does ‘voluntary informed consent’ entail ?

Question 3

Describe the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

A. Claim 2 is not correct, this is not about the internal validity but about the reliability of a measurement. The internal validity is the extent to which a statement is correct, it is about the extent to which alternative statements can be excluded.

Question 2

C. Targeting only one person is a feature of a case study. It is difficult to check whether past events are reliable and valid. Also, the results cannot be generalized because it has only been tested on one person.

Question 3

B. Single-case experimental design. A measurement is first made before the treatment is given, then the effect of the treatment is measured and then another measurement is made after the treatment has been stopped.

Question 4

B. Inter-assessor reliability is the degree of agreement between different assessors. In addition, a test is reliable if different observations of the same behavior lead to the same conclusions under similar circumstances.

Question 5

D. No cause-effect relationship can be deduced from a correlational study.

Question 6

A.

Question 7

A. claim two is characteristic of a single-case experimental design.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Accelerated longitudinal research is a combination of cross-sectional research and retrospective longitudinal research. Different groups are compared at different times. In this way a distinction can be made between age differences and developmental changes.

Question 2

The voluntary participation of individuals in a study, where the person is fully aware of the purpose of the study, the procedures, the risks and benefits and the possibility to cease participation at any time.

Question 3

A quantitative study.

How can disorders be classified? - ExamTest 5

MC Questions

Question 1

Which term is described here?

Large categories or dimensions of behavioral disorders are created. It is a system for describing phenomena that are used for clinical or scientific purposes.

1. Diagnosis

2. Assessment

3. Classification

4. None of them

Question 2

Which term is described here?

The extent to which different diagnosticians use the same category to describe a person's behavior.

1. Test retest reliability

2. Interrater reliability

Question 3

There are different treatment methods for disorders in children. Which method does not belong in the list?

1. Individual and group therapy

2. Play therapy

3. Family therapy and parent training

4. Pharmacological treatment

5. Social treatment

Question 4

Diagnosing someone with a mental disorder can have several negative consequences. Which one does not belong in the list?

1. Overgeneralization

2. Negative perceptions

3. Biased expectations

4. Categorization

Question 5

Which characteristics belong to the DSM?

1. Clinically derived and categorical.

2. Empirically derived and categorical.

3. Clinically derived and dimensional.

4. Empirically derived and dimensional.

Question 6

Which of the following machines is not used in a neurological assessment?

1. EEG

2. MRI.

3. PET scan

4. CAT scan

Question 7

What is the definition of a secondary intervention?

1. Prevent and treat systematically before there are psychological difficulties.

2. General health is improved and specific dysfunctions are addressed.

3. The problem that causes a disorder is being addressed.

4. Refer early, get a diagnosis and treat.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about play therapy is or are true?

1. It is a structured and distinct approach that uses play as therapy.

2. Family members must be trained and can then be used in this form of theory.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

Open Questions

Question 1

Name four empirical syndromes (narrowband syndromes).

Question 2

Describe the differences between the DSM-IV and DSM-V.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

C. The term diagnosis is used when a category or classification applies to an individual. An assessment refers to the evaluation of young people to facilitate classification and diagnosis.

Question 2

B. Interrater reliability. Test-retest reliability means the degree to which the use of a category for a certain person is stable over time, that is, multiple tests at different times.

Question 3

E. With individual or group therapy there is interaction between the psychologist and the child or between the psychologist and the group. Play therapy is used for communicating with young children, this puts them at ease. Family therapy and parent training involves family members in the treatment process and pharmacological treatment uses medication.

Question 4

D. Categorization is a part of our pattern of thought that contributes to knowledge growth and therefore has nothing to do with the negative consequences of diagnosis.

Question 5

A.

Question 6

D. Cat scan. An EEG is used to directly view the integrity of the nervous system. An MRI uses a magnet to make a 3D image of the brain with radio waves. With fMRI, a difference in oxygen levels is measured. With a PET scan, the activity of different parts of the brain is measured by measuring the oxygen and glucose used.

Question 7

D. The general definition of an intervention is systematic prevention and treatment before there are psychological difficulties. A primary intervention means improving general health and tackling specific dysfunctions. With a tertiary intervention, the problem that causes a disorder is addressed.

Question 8

C.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Choice of: Internalizing, anxious / depressed, withdrawn / depressed, somatic complaints, mixed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, externalizing, cross-line behavior, aggressive behavior.

Question 2

There are better rules for diagnosis in the new DSM, more attention for children and adolescents with a disorder, and more consistent research. Reliability has improved, although it can still be influenced by how observations are collected and that there is variation in a certain category. Validity is now being looked at more strictly. Problems concerning age or development level, gender, cultural context, and other things are now being addressed.

What are the anxiety disorders and what are their characteristics? - ExamTest 6

MC Questions

Question 1

Which term is described here?

A short period of intense fear or panic that suddenly starts and reaches a peak within ten minutes.

1. A panic disorder.

2. A panic attack.

3. A phobia.

4. A generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 2

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and concern about various events or activities. Symptoms of this disorder are restlessness, rapid fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, tense muscles and sleeping problems. What do the diagnostic criteria set for children?

1. At least one year on most days 3 or more of the above symptoms.

2. At least 6 months on most days 3 or more of the above symptoms.

3. At least 6 months on most days 1 or more of the above symptoms.

4. At least one year on most days 1 or more of the above symptoms.

Question 3

There are various cognitive behavioral techniques that can help children with anxiety disorders. The techniques are as follows:

1. Exposure to frightening situations.

2. Systematic desensitization.

3. Modeling.

4. Contingency management.

Which technique is missing from this list?

Question 4

With which gender does school refusal occur most frequently?

1. With boys.

2. With girls.

3. The same for boys and girls.

Question 5

What is the definition of fear?

1. This is an emotion that is focused on the future, on not having control over possible negative events.

2. This is a response to an existing threat and is characterized by an alarm response.

3. This is a mood that is triggered by negative events.

4. This is a cognitive component of anxiety and is difficult to control.

Question 6

What is not a characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?

1. Excessive fear of various events or activities.

2. Concern about various events or activities.

3. Anxiety is limited to specific situations.

4. Children find it difficult to keep this under control.

Question 7

To which term does the following definition belong:

A traumatic experience is constantly being revived. There are sleep and concentration problems and avoidance of stimuli reminiscent of the trauma.

1. Acute stress disorder (ASD).

2. Obsessive Compusive Disorder (OCD).

3. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

4. Compulsion Disorder (CS).

Open Questions

Question 1

What pattern of three types of responses to a perceived threat are considered fear or fear?

Question 2

Describe the difference between school refusal, separation anxiety and truancy.

Question 3

Name two of the four possible causes of anxiety and panic.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

B. A panic disorder involves the recurrence of unexpected panic attacks. A phobia is an uncontrolled excessive fear that causes avoidance. A generalized anxiety disorder is an excessive anxiety and concern about various events and activities.

Question 2

C. This only applies to children. In adults, 3 symptoms must be present to get the diagnosis.

Question 3

The technique that is missing is relaxation training, which means that children learn to become aware of their physical and muscle responses to anxiety.

Question 4

C.

Question 5

B. Anxiety is an emotion focused on the future and concern is the cognitive component.

Question 6

C.

Question 7

C.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

The three types of reactions are behavioral reactions (running away, stuttering and closing the eyes), cognitive reactions (thoughts of fear and anxiety and mental images of physical injury) and physical reactions (changes in heartbeat, sweating, contracting muscles and a feeling of nausea).

Question 2

Children who skip school are not afraid of going to school. This is true in the case of school refusal. Many of the symptoms of separation anxiety overlap with school refusal, but not all children who do not want to go to school are afraid of being divorced from their parents. The children are often afraid of a specific aspect of the school experience.

Question 3

Choice of: Neurotransmitters (such as serotonin), heredity, behavioral inhibition, and negative affectivity.

What are the mood disorders and what are their characteristics? - ExamTest 7

MC Questions

Question 1

Which term is described here?

Children and adolescents who have an unusually sad or euphoric mood, who are extreme or persistent and who interfere with functioning are ...?

1. Depressed or manic

2. Anxious

3. Traumatized

4. Obsessed

Question 2

What is the most effective way to treat depressed children?

1. A pharmacological treatment.

2. A psychosocial treatment.

3. A combination of pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy.

4. Cognitive behavioral therapy.

5. A combination of psychosocial treatment and pharmacological treatment.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. Suicidal behavior includes not only suicide, but also suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts.

2. Compared to adults, suicide is relatively common among young people.

   1. Only claim 1 is correct.

   2. Only claim 2 is correct.

   3. Both statements are correct.

   4. Both statements are incorrect.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not true about Major Depressive Disorder?

1. There is one or more intense depressive periods.

2. The symptoms are chronically present.

   1. Only claim 1 is true.

   2. Only claim 2 is true.

   3. Both statements are true.

   4. Both statements are not true.

Question 5

Which of the following disorders is not often associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

1. Anxiety disorders

2. Behavioral disorders

3. Autism spectrum disorders

4. Eating disorders

Question 6

Which of the following statements about temperament is true?

1. Negative temperament characteristics can reduce the risk of depression, while positive characteristics increase the risk.

2. Negative temperament characteristics can increase the risk of depression, while positive characteristics reduce the risk.

3. Negative temperament characteristics increase the risk of depression, while positive characteristics have no effect on this risk.

4. Negative temperament characteristics have no effect on the risk of depression, while positive characteristics reduce the risk.

Question 7

To which of the following terms does this definition belong:

Apply annoying events to everything.

1. Catastrophizing

2. Overgeneralizing

3. Personalizing

4. Distorting

Open Questions

Question 1

Indicate whether the following statements are correct or incorrect.

1. The DSM category for defining depression is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

2. With dysthyme disorder, most of the symptoms of MDD are present but in a less severe but more chronic form.

3. MDD is not often diagnosed in children and adolescents.

4. A low socio-economic status does not contribute to the development of depression.

Question 2

What are four different biological and three social-psychological influences on MDD?

Question 3

What does learned helplessness mean?

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

A. Being depressed or manic is part of a mood disorder.

Question 2

C. A combination of SSRi's (prevent the re-uptake of serotonin which gives the brain more serotonin) and cognitive behavioral therapy (confronts and changes the child's maladaptive cognitions). It also focuses on enhancing social problem-solving skills).

Question 3

A. Suicide is relatively rare among young people.

Question 4

A. The second statement is true for dysthyme disorder.

Question 5

C. Autism spectrum disorders.

Question 6

B.

Question 7

B. Overgeneralizing.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

1. correct.
2. correct.
3. incorrect. MDD is the most diagnosed mood disorder among children and adolescents.
4. incorrect. A low socio-economic status is associated with a greater risk of depression, due to factors such as income, low-educated parents, chronic stress and discrimination.

Question 2

The biological influences are: genetic influences, neurochemistry and the functioning of the brain and temperament.
The socio-psychological influences are: separation and object loss and cognitive behavioral perspectives.

Question 3

Depressed people often blame themselves (internally) for negative events, see these events as stable over time and applicable in different situations (globally).

When is something a behavioural problem and how does it affect people? - ExamTest 8

MC Questions

Question 1

Which term is described here?

An act that is only illegal for minors, such as alcohol consumption.

1. Delinquent behavior

2. Index crime

3. Status crime

4. Juvenile offense

Question 2

Loeber has developed a model to show how antisocial behavior can develop. What kind of behavior belongs to which developmental path? Link the letter with the number.

1. Bullying of others, physical fighting, and violence.

2. Stubborn behavior, disobedience, rebellion and avoidance of authorities (running away from home and truancy).

3. Behavior such as shoplifting and lying, property damage (vandalism / arson) and moderate to severe delinquency (theft and fraud).

1. Covert path.

2. Open path.

3. Authority conflict path.

Question 3

To which development period does the problem behavior include disobedience, opposition behavior and tantrums of ODD and CD?

1. Early childhood

2. Middle childhood

3. Adolescence

4. All the above answers are correct.

Question 4

Which factor involved in the development and maintenance of drug use is missing in the following list?

1. Individual factors

2. Family factors

3. School factors

4. Factors in the living environment

5. Greater socio-cultural factors

Question 5

Which term belongs to the following definition:

The general group of disruptive and antisocial behaviors.

1. Delinquency

2. Disruptive behavioral disorder

3. Behavioral disorder

4. Behavioral problems

Question 6

Which of the following examples is not an example of proactive aggression?

1. Bullying

2. Fighting

3. Taking revenge

4. Vandalism

Question 7

Which of the following terms is not characteristic of a drug addiction?

1. Tolerance

2. Withdrawal

3. Psychological dependence

4. Poorly adjusted pattern of drug use

Question 8

Which of the following behaviors can not be remedied with parent training?

1. Aggressive behavior

2. Antisocial behavior

3. Avoiding behavior

4. Disobedient behavior

Open Questions

Question 1

What is the difference between the Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the Conduct disorder (CD)?

Question 2

Describe the difference between violence and aggression.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

C. Status agent. An index crime is an act that is illegal for both adults and minors, such as theft. Delinquency is a term used in the legal system to describe behavioral problems.

Question 2

1. 2
2. 3
3. 1

Question 3

A. Behavior associated with middle childhood is open / covert antisocial behavior and relational aggression. Behavior associated with adolescence are delinquency, drug use, and risky sexual behavior.

Question 4

Peer factors. This can influence drug use if peers use drugs or if their peers approve of drug use.

Question 5

D.

Question 6

C. Taking revenge is an example of reactive aggression.

Question 7

D. This is characteristic of drug abuse.

Question 8

C.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

The ODD is a behavioral disorder in which there is an extreme pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior. This pattern must be present for at least six months and show certain symptoms. The CD is a more serious form of aggression and antisocial behavior. It is a repeated and persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others and important social norms.

Question 2

Violence is defined as an extreme form of physical aggression, such as assaulting or raping people. Aggression can be defined as actions that cause less serious damage.

How is ADHD characterized? - ExamTest 9

MC Questions

Question 1

What are the three primary characteristics of ADHD?

1. Inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

2. Inattention, poor concentration, and hyperactivity.

3. Impulsivity, poor concentration, and less motor skills.

4. Adaptive behavior, less motor skills, and impulsiveness.

Question 2

Which disorder is not mentioned in the book as often associated with ADHD?

1. Learning Disability.

2. Externalizing disorders.

3. Internalizing disorders.

4. Autism

Question 3

What is the prevalence of ADHD?

1. Between 0 and 6%.

2. Between 3 and 7%.

3. Between 8 and 13%.

4. Between 15 and 22%.

Question 4

At what age are most children diagnosed with ADHD?

1. 15 years

2. 6 - 12 years

3. 13 - 15 years

4. 16 - 18 years old

Question 5

What is the best way to treat children with ADHD?

1. A pharmacological treatment

2. Behavioral therapy

3. A combination of pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy together.

4. A pharmacological treatment and a combination of pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy.

Question 6

Which of the following skills do not belong to inhibition?

1. The ability to inhibit previously validated responses.

2. The ability to recognize inhibition in others.

3. The ability to interrupt ineffective responses.

4. The ability to inhibit conflicting stimuli.

Question 7

Which of the following groups of children is not studied in a Multimodal Treatment Assessment Study (MTA)?

1. Children who only receive medication.

2. Children who do not receive medication or therapy.

3. Children who receive therapy and medication.

4. Children who receive community treatments.

Open Questions

Question 1

Name three of the five factors that influence ADHD.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

A. The other answers also include secondary characteristics of ADHD.

Question 2

D. ADHD leads to learning difficulties and vice versa. Many children with ADHD develop ODD and some also OD (externalizing problems). 12-35% of children with ADHD also have an anxiety disorder (internalizing problems).

Question 3

B.

Question 4

B.

Question 5

D.

Question 6

B.

Question 7

B. That is not ethical.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Choice of: genetic, prenatal, birth complications, psychosocial factors, and diet.

What disorders are there with regard to language and learning? - ExamTest 10

MC Questions

Question 1

Which term is described here?

Language loss due to brain injury or brain dysfunction.

1. Language disorder

2. Language restriction

3. Aphasia

4. Dyslexia

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics are associated with an expressive disorder?

1. Problems with the correct articulation of speech sounds

2. Problems with vocabulary, grammar and other language output aspects.

Question 3

Which of the following social problems is not mentioned as a comorbid with language and learning disabilities?

1. Higher degree of social anxiety

2. Fewer friends and worse friendships

3. Feelings of loneliness

4. Lower social competence

Question 4

Which area of ​​the brain is responsible for analyzing words?

1. The parietal-temporal area (includes the Wernicke area)

2. The area at the intersection of the occipital and temporal lobes

3. Broca's area, in front of the brain

Question 5

Which is not one of the four goals of the 'Individuals with Disabilities Education Act' (IDEA)?

1. All pupils with disabilities receive appropriate public education that meets their specific needs

2. The equal treatment of children with disabilities in comparison with their peers

3. The rights of students with disabilities and their parents are protected

4. States and local institutions are supported in providing education to students with disabilities

5. Assessing and guaranteeing the effectiveness of education

Question 6

Which of the following terms does belong to the basic components of language?

1. Expressive language

2. Receptive language

3. Syntax

4. Dysgraphy

Question 7

Which of the following problems is not a specific learning disability?

1. Dysphasia

2. Dyslexia

3. Dysgraphy

4. Dyscalculia

Question 8

Which brain area is responsible for analyzing words?

1. The parietal-temporal area (includes the Wernicke area)

2. The area at the intersection of the occipital and temporal lobes

3. Broca's area, in front of the brain

Question 9

Which is not one of the four goals of the 'Individuals with Disabilities Education Act' (IDEA)?

1. All pupils with disabilities receive appropriate public education that meets their specific needs

2. The equal treatment of children with disabilities in comparison with their peers

3. The rights of students with disabilities and their parents are protected

4. States and local institutions are supported in providing education to students with disabilities

5. Assessing and guaranteeing the effectiveness of education

Open Questions

Question 1

List five of the seven areas that a learning disability can affect.

Question 2

Describe how a learning disability can be identified and what can be a problem with this.

Question 3

Name five of the nine physical problems associated with language and learning disabilities.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

C. Aphasia.

Question 2

B. Expressive disorder is characterized by limited vocabulary and talking in short, easy sentences where the sentence structure is often incorrect.

Question 3

A. Higher degree of social anxiety.

Question 4

C. Broca's area.

Question 5

B. The equal treatment of children with disabilities in comparison with their peers

Question 6

C.

Question 7

C. Broca's area.

Question 8

B. The equal treatment of children with disabilities in comparison with their peers.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Choose from: listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling and math.

Question 2

A distinction is made between IQ and performance level, downward average performance and the response to an intervention. The problem with this is that the IQ can be estimated too low, because a language disorder can also have an effect on this. Then a difference is found less quickly.

Question 3

Choice of: cerebral palsy, epilepsy, nervous system infections, head injury, prenatal alcohol consumption, premature birth, low birth weight and neurological deficits.

When does someone have an intellectual disability? - ExamTest 11

MC Questions

Question 1

Which statement is correct?

1. An intellectual disability arises before the age of 18.

2. A condition for diagnosis is that the IQ must be 80 or lower.

   1. Only claim I is correct

   2. Only claim II is correct

   3. Both statements are correct

   4. Both statements are incorrect

Question 2

What does the Flynn effect mean ?

1. Intelligence scores of individuals systematically increase over time

2. Intelligence scores of individuals are systematically reduced over time

3. Intelligence scores of populations systematically increase over time

4. Intelligence scores of populations are systematically lower over time

Question 3

Which person is described here?

Develops communication skills in early childhood, personal care is possible with support, acquires skills up to the age of 7 or 8, benefits from social skills and professional training, can adapt to the community under supervision.

A person with:

1. Slight intellectual disability

2. Moderate intellectual disability

3. Severe intellectual disability

4. Deep intellectual disability

Question 4

With which gender are intellectual disabilities most frequent?

1. With girls

2. With boys

3. Just as often with girls as with boys

Question 5

Which genetic syndrome is described here?

This syndrome is more common in boys and is caused by the wrong repetition of gene mutations. There are structural abnormalities in various brain areas, including the cerebellum and the frontal and parietal lobes.

1. Down syndrome

2. Prader-Willi syndrome

3. Williams Syndrome

4. Fragile X syndrome

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

A. Only claim I is correct. The IQ must be 70 or lower, namely at least two standard deviations below the average IQ of 100.

Question 2

C. By constructing new standards on a regular basis, the average score is reset and the test becomes more difficult, so that the average score is again reduced by a few points.

Question 3

B. A person with moderate intellectual disability.

Question 4

B. With boys.

Question 5

D. Fragile X syndrome.

What are the most important characteristics of autism and schizophrenia? - ExamTest 12

MC Questions

Question 1

For the diagnosis of autism there must be a delayed or abnormal functioning on social interaction, language as used in social communication, or symbolic or imaginative play. At what age should these problems arise for the diagnosis?

1. Before 1 year old.

2. Before 3 years old.

3. Before age 5.

4. Before the age of 7.

Question 2

Which characteristics are among the secondary characteristics of autism?

1. Problems in communication and sensory / perceptual limitations.

2. Problems in communication and lower intelligence.

3. Problems in social interaction and sensory / perceptual limitations.

4. Sensory / perceptual limitations and lower intelligence.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The criteria for autism have become broader in recent years, which may be an explanation for the increase in the number of children with autism.

2. The awareness of autism has decreased, this may be an explanation for the decrease in the number of children with autism.

3. Children are being diagnosed with autism at an increasingly young age, which may be an explanation for the increase in the number of children with autism.

   1. Claims 1 and 3 are correct and claim 2 is incorrect.

   2. Claims 1 and 2 are correct and claim 3 is incorrect.

   3. Claim 1 is correct and claims 2 and 3 are incorrect.

   4. All three statements are correct.

   5. All three statements are incorrect.

Question 4

How does the development of Schizophrenia progress?

1. Schizophrenia often develops gradually in childhood and less gradually in adolescence.

2. Schizophrenia often develops less gradually in childhood and gradually in adolescence.

3. Schizophrenia develops gradually during infancy and less gradually during childhood.

4. Schizophrenia develops less gradually in infancy and gradually in childhood.

Question 5

Divide the following symptoms into primary and secondary symptoms:

1. Primary.

2. Secondary.

   1. Hallucinations.

   2. Social problems.

   3. Motor abnormalities.

   4. Negative symptoms.

Open Questions

Question 1

The Pervasive Development Disorders category consists of five disorders. Which is missing in the next row?

1. Autistic disorder

2. Asperger's syndrome

3. Disintegrative disorder in childhood

4. Pervasive developmental disorder not specified otherwise

Question 2

What are three promising forms of treatment for schizophrenia? And explain what these forms entail.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

B.

Question 2

D. Problems in social interaction and in communication are primary characteristics of autism.

Question 3

A. There is an increase in the number of children with autism. This may be because the criteria for autism have become broader, because children are being diagnosed with autism at an increasingly young age, awareness of autism has increased, diagnosis of autism has been stimulated by the expansion of services and by diagnostic switching.

Question 4

B. In childhood there are only non-psychotic problems such as a delay in language skills and in motor functions. In adolescence, the image resembles adults with schizophrenia.

Question 5

1. A. & D.
2. B. & C.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Rett's syndrome.

Question 6

The forms of treatment are skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, and family therapy. Skill training is for increasing social and daily living skills through behavioral techniques. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on reducing schizophrenic symptoms or improving coping strategies. Family therapy consists of psycho-education, improving coping strategies, improving family communication, training problem-solving skills and crisis interventions.

Which disorders have a strong influence on physical functions? - ExamTest 13

MC Questions

Question 1

What is the normal order in which children become house-trained? Put the letters in the right order.

1. Night bladder control

2. Night control bowel

3. Checking the intestines during the day

4. Control of the bladder during the day

Question 2

Insomnia is an extreme example of a ... (1), while sleepwalking is an example of a ... (2):

1. Dyssomnia

2. Parasomnia

Question 3

In which phase of sleep does sleep walking occur?

1. Earlier stages of NREM sleep

2. Later stages of NREM sleep

3. REM sleep

Question 4

What is not part of bulimia nervosa?

1. Severe underweight

2. Deliberate vomiting or use of laxatives

3. Binge eating

4. Excessive exercise or fasting

Question 5

What is not an encopresis subtype?

1. Teritial encopresis.

2. Encopresis with consipation.

3. Encopresis without constipation.

Open questions

Question 1

What is pediatric psychology about?

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

B - C - A - D

Question 2

(1): A. Dyssomnia, (2): B. Parasomnia

Question 3

B. Later stages of NREM sleep.

Question 4

A. Severe underweight; bulimia is characterized by normal weight.

Question 5

B - C - A - D

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

It is about research into (psychological) problems that lead to a disruption of physical functioning and health.

What is the connection between psychology and (physical) health? - ExamTest 14

MC Questions

Question 1

What name is used today for physical disorders that are influenced by psychological factors?

1. Psychosomatic disorders

2. Psychological factors that influence physical conditions

3. Psychological factors that influence medical conditions

4. Psychophysiological disorders

Question 2

Which statement is correct?

1. Psychological factors cannot trigger an asthma attack.

2. Asthma in a child can influence the psychological state of the child and the family.

   1. Only claim I is correct

   2. Only claim II is correct

   3. Claims I and II are both correct

   4. Claims I and II are both incorrect

Question 3

What is not one of the three components of suffering (distress)?

1. Neurological

2. Cognitive-affective

3. Behavioral

4. Physiological

Question 4

Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?

1. Diabetes is common among children.

2. Level of development are not important.

3. Emotional factors are not important.

4. Social factors are not important.

Open Questions

Question 1

Name the two ways to teach children how to deal with pain and give an example for both.

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

C. The other three are names used in the older DSM versions.

Question 2

B. Psychological factors such as stress can actually influence asthma and provoke an attack.

Question 3

A. Neurological

Question 4

A.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Cognitive behavioral techniques, with breathing exercises as an example, and distraction techniques, with emotional imagination as an example.

What issues are currently affecting young people? - ExamTest 15

MC Questions

Question 1

Cross out what does not apply:

1. Adopted children have a higher / lower IQ than their peers from their old situation (before the adoption), but a higher / lower IQ than their peers in the new situation.

2. Adopted children are more / less securely attached to their adoptive parents than their peers from their old situation, but they are more / less securely attached than their peers in the new situation

3. Adopted children have more / less / as much self-confidence as / than their current peers

4. Adopted children exhibit more / less psychological problems than their current peers

Question 2

Which gender has the highest risk of psychological problems after adoption?

1. Boys

2. Girls

3. Boys and girls equally

Open Questions

Question 1

What does the concept of equality of mental health mean ?

Answer indication MC Questions

Question 1

1. Adopted children have a higher IQ than their peers from their old situation (before the adoption), but a lower IQ than their peers in the new situation.

2. Adopted children are more securely attached to their adoptive parents than their peers from their old situation, but they are less securely attached than their peers in the new situation

3. Adopted children have as much self-confidence as their current peers

4. Adopted children exhibit more psychological problems than their current peers

Question 2

B. Boys have a higher risk.

Answer indication Open Questions

Question 1

Equal distribution of financial support between mental health institutions and other health institutions.