Optimism as a psychological trait has gained an increasing amount of interest from scientists during the past couple of decades. Various studies have shown that optimism is related to important benefits. In this study, a review is presented that summarizes the findings from this body of research.
Two of the most widely held goals by which people measure and motivate themselves are happiness and a meaningful life. In this article, the relationship between these two goals is discussed. More specifically, although there certainly is (much) overlap between these two, the focus here is on the differences.
At the end of the nineteenth century, researchers became interested in mapping out the individual differences in people when it comes to their intellectual functioning. This also came with a new interest in experimental tradition.
The first theory about intelligence came from Spearman who worked for Binet. He said that there was something what he
.........Read moreSummary of the article: Drivers of human development: How relationships and context shape learning and development - Osher et al. - 2018
The relationships children have at home and in school can help in buffering and overcoming the effects of risk factors in the child´s context. Especially relationships that are characterized by sensitivity, attunement, consistency, cognitive stimulation, trustworthiness, and scaffolding function as a positive developmental force between children and their physical and social contexts.
Developmental relationships with adults are important for a healthy development of the child and support the integration of social, affective, emotional, and cognitive processes. They are characterized by enduring emotional attachment, reciprocity, progressive complexity of joint activity, and a power balance that allows for transferability to new settings. Also important in developmental relationships are attunement, compassionate communication, modeling, trustworthiness, cognitive stimulation, and consistency.
.........Read moreSummary with the article: Early experience and brain development - Bick, Nelson (2017)
This article is about the relationship between early experiences and the development of the brain. This article focuses on healthy brain development. Certain early experiences are needed for typical brain development. Severe neglect in early life will lead to changes in brain development. This can jeopardize both emotional, behavioral and cognitive functioning. Harmful effects of neglect can be stopped by early intervention. The earlier the intervention, the maximum the recovery from negative experiences.
Summary with the article: Down syndrome: cognitive and behavioral functioning across the lifespan - Grieco, Pulsifer, Seligsohn, Skotko, Schwartz (2015).
About the cognitive and behavioral effect over the entire life span of Down's syndrome
In general, people with Downsydrome have unique neurocognitive and neuro-behavioral profiles. These appear within specific development periods. It is striking that these profiles differ from other people with a similar intellectual disability. In addition, they reflect underlying neuroanatomical findings. They offer support for a distinctive phenotypic profile. In this article, the writers elaborate on the cognitive and behavioral phenotypes associated with Down's syndrome over the lifetime.
People with DS have many unique strengths and weaknesses, just like people without DS, who have to be valued separately during their lifetime. In comparison with
.........Read moreMany studies note the problem of the 'immigration paradox'. Immigrants have been associated with declining academic performance and aspiration. This line of research is cross-sectional and compares first, second and third generations. The Longitudinal Immigrant Student Adaptation Study (LISA) combines longitudinal, interdisciplinary, and comparative approaches to document adaptation patterns of 408 recently arrived immigrants from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Mexico over the past five years. This article presents data showing patterns
.........Read more
Why is the importance of critical thinking? For us humans, there is an importance in critical thinking because ...
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Why is the importance of critical thinking? For us humans, there is an importance in critical thinking because ...
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Samenvattingen per hoofdstuk bij Adult Personality Development Volume 1: Theories and Concepts Inhoudsopgave
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