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Summary with the article: The communicative functions of paralanguage and prosody van Street (1990).

Sometimes people don’t listen to what you say, but to how you say it. The acoustic elements in speech help listeners to interpret the speakers characteristics and intentions. Non-verbal speech is usually called prosody and paralanguage and has been widely studied in psychology, linguistics and communication sciences. There are four paradigms were studies of non-verbal speech stem from. The first one is that interest in physiology of sound production. This means that researchers study the interrelationships between muscle systems, facial characteristics and the volume. The second one is the study of language attitudes. Researchers have studied correlates of speech styles. An example of this is to see how people evaluate different speck accents. The third paradigm is the study of personal characteristics in vocal behavior. Researchers have found that extraverts pause less than introverts. The

Summary with the article: Turn-taking in conversations van Wiemann en Knapp (1975)

When we talk to someone, they have a certain role that we want to respect. One of these roles stands above all other: the role as a human being that deserves respect. In order to get and give respect, people have formed certain interaction rules. These rules are not written down, but everybody still knows them. Two examples of these rules:

• One person speaks at a time
• People take turns in speaking. One persons doesn’t talk de whole time

If people violate these rules, it says something about their relationship and it’s also a sign of disrespect.

According to the article, two researchers (named Cushman and Whiting) have defined two types of rules for communication.

1. Rules that specify the content of a conversation
2. Rules that specify the procedures around the content

If a

Summary with the article: Communication accommodation theory van Shepard et. al. (2001)

The study of language has been studies across different disciplines, such as social psychology, sociolinguistics, sociology and communication. The communication accommodation theory (CAT) is an important theoretical perspective for these four areas of research. The CAT is an interdisciplinary model of relational processes in communicative interaction. This theory contains different context and behaviors of verbal and non-verbal varieties and attitudes and perceptions. The theory was originally developed as a sociopsychological model to explain modifications in speech style during interactions and was called the speech accommodation theory (SAT). SAT proposed that social cognitive processes mediate the relationship of communicative behavior and interaction and that individual motivations was the driving force behind