Statistics: summaries and study assistance - Theme
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Samenvattingen per hoofdstuk bij de 4e druk van Statistics: The art and science of learning from data van Agresti & Franklin
The Item Response Theory (IRT) is an alternative to the classical test theory (CTT). The IRT identifies and analyzes the measurements in behavioral sciences. The reaction of the individual to a certain test item is influenced by characteristics of the individual ( trait level ) and properties of the item (difficulty level).
The Generalizability Theory (G theory) helps us to distinguish the effects of multiple facets and then to use different measurement strategies. It is an ideal framework for complex measurement strategies in which several facets influence the measurement quality. This is a fundamental difference compared to the classical test theory (CTT), where different facets are not assumed.
According to the G
.........Read moreIn chapters 4 and 8 we discussed the internal structure (i.e., dimensionality) of a psychological test. As we briefly introduced there, the internal structure of a test has to do with the number and nature of the psychological constructs that we measure with the items. One way to identify those constructs is through factor analysis. In this chapter, we will discuss factor analysis, and in particular confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
There
.........Read moreIn the previous chapter we discussed response bias, a common threat to the psychometric quality of tests. In this chapter we discuss the second major threat: test bias. Test bias arises when the true scores and the observed scores differ between two groups. Think of men and women as two groups. The emphasis of test bias is therefore on systematic differences between groups of respondents. Please note that the identification of differences between groups does not necessarily mean that there is also (test) bias; it may be that these differences are actually present in reality that way.
Chapters 10 and 11 deal with threats to psychometric quality. Two types of threats are central here: reaction bias and test bias. Chapter 10 is about response bias. Test bias is discussed in chapter 11.
Consciously or unconsciously, cooperative or not, zelfverbet honoring or rather self-effacing, response bias plays a constant role in psychological measurement. Reaction bias means that respondents' reactions (negatively) influence the quality of the psychological measurement. Bias means the bias or bias of responses / outcomes, which are often incorrect.
In the previous chapter we discussed the conceptual framework of validity, where we could identify five types of proof of validity. One of the types of evidence was convergent and divergent validity: the extent to which test scores have the "right" pattern of associations with other variables. This is discussed further in this chapter.
Psychological constructs are laid down in a theoretical context. The basis of the construct has connections with the basis of other psychological constructs. The connection between the construct and other related
.........Read moreFor more than 60 years the following basic definition of validity was assumed: Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Although this definition has been used very much and still is, the concept of validity is presented a little too simple with this definition. A better definition would be that validity is the extent to which the interpretation of test scores for a specific purpose is supported by evidence and theory.
This
.........Read moreThis chapter explains how reliability and measurement errors affect the results of behavioral research. Awareness of these effects is crucial for behavioral research.
There are two important sources of information that can help us evaluate an individual test score. The first is
.........Read moreBetekenis, toepassing en oefenvragen bij de belangrijkste begrippen van KOM en TOE: Experimenteel
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Samengestelde samenvatting, gebaseerd op de SPSS Survival Manual van Pallant, 6e druk uit 2016. Deze samenvatting is zowel te gebruiken bij versie 24 van IBM SPSS als bij andere versies. Bij gebruik van andere versies kan het voorkomen dat de opties een soortgelijke naam hebben gekregen of een ...
Introduction to Statistics: in short
Definitions and explanations of the most important terms generally associated with Introduction to Statistics
Definitions and explanations of the most important terms generally associated with Introduction to Statistics
Bevat aantekeningen, begrippenlijsten en oefenvragen voor het vak Kennismaking met Onderzoeksmethoden en Statistiek aan de Universiteit Utrecht (2022/2023)
Deze bundel bevat een samenvatting van SPSS en is gebaseerd op de 24e versie. De volgende delen zijn beschikbaar: Wat is SPSS: een introductie (1) Definities en begrippen in SPSS (2) Afhankelijke en onafhankelijke variabelen (3) Meetschalen van variabelen (4) Gemiddelden berekenen (5) Variantie bere...
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