Hoorcollege 7 Psychologie als Wetenschap 2023 Universiteit Utrecht

Hoorcollege 7

 
Publicatie bias: gedrag tijdens het pbulicatieproces dat papers met positieve resultaten bevoordeelt over papers met negatieve resultaten
Reviewer bias: editors en reviewers bevoordelen papers met positieve resultaten
File-drawering: onderzoeks probleren negatieve resulataten niet te publiceren
 
Mertoniaanse nomren
  • Universalisme: kennis moet persoononafhankelijk zijn
  • Communalisme: kennis moet openbaar zijn (transpirantie)
  • Belangeloosheid: streven naar waarheid, niet eigenbelang
  • Georganiseerd skepsis: systeem voor beoordeling van uitspraken
 
P-hacking: exploiteren van felxibiliteit in data analyse om statisch significante resultaten te verkrijgen. Dit kan bewust of onbewus (bvb hindsight bias). Of door de data de vormen naar ee theorie of hypothese zonder hier transparant over te zijn.
 
Hypothesizing after results are known (HARKing): hypothesen bepalen op basis van onderzoeksresultaten. Het presteren vna theoretische onverwachte data alsof deze wel door theorie voorspeld waren en een theorie of hypothese vormen naar data
 
Credibiliteit revolutie: door transparant te zijn zorg je ervoor dat je onderzoek credible is en word teen tweede refplicatiecrisis vermeden
  • Transparant in alle stappen van onderzoek. T.b.v. beoordeling en reproduceerbaarheid
  • Onderzoeksmaterialen, data, analyse code worden gedeeld
  • Vakbladen, universiteiten en subsidiegevers waarderen transparantie
  • Transparantere onderzoekspraktijken
 
Transparantere onderzoekspraktijken
  • Pregregistratie: onderzoeksplan, beslissingen of beslisblomen, gedetailleerde plannen worden van te voren gedeeld. Levert meer reflectie, overleg, feedback
  • Registered reports: er was preregistratie en daarna report
  • Multiverse analyse:Ondercheid tussen arbitratir (meerdere redelijke opties) en niet-arbitraire (duidelijk een beste optie), waarbij alle paden worden bekeken. Dit kan in combinatie met pre-registratie. Alle paden worden verkent en gerapporteerd
 
Open science
  • Verkent data op transparante en comfortabele wijze
  • Beloont kwaliteit, waarover we controle hebben, in plaats van uitkomsten waarover we geen controle hebben
  • Verminder de druk op het verkrijgen van significante resultaten
 
Metascience: de studie van wetenschappelijke normen, praktijk en cutluur, met het doel om te interfereren en te verbeteren

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