How does prenatal development work? - ExamTest 2

Questions

Question 1

When does a fertilized egg be called 'fetus'? 

1. Directly after conception.
2. After three weeks.
3. After nine weeks.
4. After three months.

Question 2

What is cell differentiation?

1. The process that takes place 12 hours after fertilization.
2. The process whereby cells specialize in structure and function.
3. The process of movement of newly formed cells away from their original location.
4. The process whereby redundant cells are destroyed. 

Question 3 

Which of the following is no consequence of being small for gestational age?

1. Learning problems.
2. Social problems.
3. Increased risk of infections.
4. Insufficient growth.

Question 4

In what phase of development do teratogens cause the most severe damage?

1. Directly after conception.
2. In the fetal phase of prenatal development.
3. In the embryonic phase of prenatal development.
4. In post-natal development.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about sensitive periods in prenatal development is correct?

1. The sensitive periods of the first major organ systems are simultaneous.
2. Teratogens have the most severe effect on prenatal development just prior to the development of an organ system.
3. The sensitive period of an organ is the period in which the basic structures of this organ are formed.
4. The sensitive period of limb development occurs several weeks before limb development begins.

Question 6

The single cell that forms when two gametes merge during conception is called a ...

1. Zygote.
2. Ova.
3. Sperm.
4. Embryo.

Question 7

Which process of prenatal development is critical to the specialization of cells?

1. Cell division.
2. Synaptogenesis.
3. Cell differentiation.
4. Apoptosis.

Question 8

Harry and Ron are genetically identical twins and are referred to as ... . Althea (a genetic female) and Stephen (a genetic male) are also twins but are clearly ... twins.

1. Monozygotic; identical.
2. Dizygotic; fraternal.
3. Dizygotic; monozygotic.
4. Monozygotic; dizygotic.

Question 9

Which of the following systems protects the developing embryo from dangerous toxins?

1. Amniotic sac.
2. Placenta.
3. Umbilical cord.
4. Neural tube.

Question 10

The disproportionaly large head of a 5-month-old fetus is a typical result of the normal process of ...

1. Cephalocaudal development.
2. Proximal-distal development.
3. Lateral development.
4. Bottom-up development.

Question 11

Which of the following sense is the least active while the fetus is in the womb?

1. Hearing.
2. Smell.
3. Taste.
4. Sight.

Question 12

Logan's dad is thrilled as Logan laughs each time he shows him a new toy: a monkey that squeaks when he pushes on its belly. After repeated exposure to the squeaking monkey, Logan becomes bored and no longer laughs. This process is known as ...

1. Habituation.
2. Dishabituation.
3. Classical conditioning.
4. Operant conditioning.

Question 13

The DeCasper and Spence study, in which pregnant women read aloud twice a day from the same book during their last 6 weeks of pregnancy, was designed to assess ... .

1. Fetal attention.
2. Fetal learning.
3. Infant attention.
4. Infant learning.

Question 14

Which of the following does not influence the severity of the effect of a teratogen on a developing fetus?

1. Timing of exposure.
2. Quantity of exposure.
3. Duration of exposure.
4. Number of previous pregnancies.

Question 15

Which is not a symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?

1. Facial deformities.
2. Intellectual disability.
3. Underactivity.
4. Attention problems.

Answers

Question 1

C. The first two weeks, it is called zygote, from 3 to 8 weeks embryo. 

Question 2

B. A is mitosis, C is cell migration and D is apoptosis.

Question 3

D. Children that are small for gestational age are mostly left alone to decrease the risk of infection. This also prevents the emergence of social and learning problems. 

Question 4

C. Tereatogens can cause the most severe damage during the embryonic phase of development.

Question 5

C. The sensitive period of an organ is the period in which the basic structures of this organ are formed.

Question 6

A. It is called a zygote.

Question 7

C. Cell differentiation is the process that is critical to the specialization of cells.

Question 8

D. Harry and Ron are genetically identical twins and are referred to as monozygotic. Althea (a genetic female) and Stephen (a genetic male) are also twins but are clearly dizygotic twins.

Question 9

B. The placenta protects the embryo from these dangerous toxins.

Question 10

A. Cephalocaudal development refers to prenatal growth and development that occurs from the head down.

Question 11

D. Sight.

Question 12

A. It is called habituation.

Question 13

B. Fetal learning.

Question 14

D. The number of previous pregnancies of the mother does not influence the severity of the effect of a teratogen on a developing fetus.

Question 15

C. Underactivity is not a symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome, caused by (excessive) alcohol consumption by the mother during prenatal development.