Beloningsmacht
Beloningsmacht is het vermogen om invloed op anderen uit te oefenen en het gedrag van anderen te sturen. Dit kan door die anderen bij gewenst gedrag iets positiefs (beloning) te geven waaraan een positieve waarde wordt gekoppeld (French & Raven, 1959, zoals beschreven in Forsyth, 2014).
Bestraffingsmacht
Bestraffingsmacht is het vermogen om anderen te straffen of straf in te houden bij ongewenst gedrag. Dit kan op verschillende manieren. Je kan bijvoorbeeld anderen bedreigen met ontslag, maar je kan ook bepaalde gewenste goederen onthouden (French & Raven, 1959, zoals beschreven in Forsyth, 2014).
Voorwaarden
Beloningsmacht en bestraffingsmacht moeten voldoen aan drie voorwaarden om effectief gebruikt te kunnen worden door die persoon. Deze drie voorwaarden zijn waarde, afhankelijkheid en geloofwaardigheid (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959, zoals beschreven in Forsyth, 2014)
Waarde gaat over de waarde die geassocieerd wordt met de beloning of de bestraffing. Bij beloningsmacht moet deze gestelde beloning positief gewaardeerd worden door de personen die iemand wil beïnvloeden. Bij bestraffingsmacht moet de bestraffing negatief gewaardeerd worden (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959, zoals beschreven in Forsyth, 2014).
Bij afhankelijkheid gaat het erom dat de te verkrijgen beloning of bestraffing alleen door de machthebber gegeven of onthouden kan worden. De beloning of de straf kan dus niet op andere manieren verkregen of ontlopen worden (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959, zoals beschreven in Forsyth, 2014).
Geloofwaardigheid houdt in dat de machthebber en zijn of haar belofte, zoals de beloning of de straf, geloofwaardig moeten zijn (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959, zoals beschreven in Forsyth, 2014).
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