Study Guide with article summaries for Developmental Neuropsychology at the University of Groningen

Article summaries with Developmental Neuropsychology at the University of Groningen

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Executive function and social cognition in the adolescent brain
Cognitive control and motivational systems
Mild spastic cerebral palsy
Treatments and guidelines for phenylketonuria
ADHD
Autism

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Developmental Neuropsychology: Executive function and social cognition in the adolescent brain

Executive function and social cognition in the adolescent brain
Beginning to experiment on adolescent brains
The adolescent brain seen through MRI
Linear increases in white matter during adolescence
Effect on teenagers

Executive function and social cognition in the adolescent brain

Adolescence is a period of development characterized by intense fluctuations in both physical and hormonal change. Research has been sparse in this area, empirical research on neural and cognitive development is still lacking. For such a period that reflects the growth of cognitive flexibility, self-consciousness and changes in identity, the need for further research is apparent.

Beginning

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Developmental Neuropsychology: Cognitive control and motivational systems

Cognitive control and motivational systems in developmental neurobiology
Examining the role of motivational modulation of cognitive control across development
Corticosubcortical control and its developmental neurobiology
Conclusion

Cognitive control and motivational systems in developmental neurobiology

Cognitive control is an executive process which can be vital to the maintenance and monitoring of long term goal oriented behavior. In the past, the development of cognitive control has been explained as a growth from infancy to adulthood. The role of context on cognitive control impacts one’s behavioral regulation abilities, for example in a stressful context one may experience diminished control. Recent studies suggest that cognitive control capacity is impacted by specific periods of development whereby one is more susceptible to incentive based modulation.

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Developmental Neuropsychology: Mild spastic cerebral palsy

Mild spastic cerebral palsy: An event-related brain potential study of error detection and response adjustment
Method
Results
Discussion and conclusion
Mild spastic cerebral palsy: brain state before error making
Methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion

Mild spastic cerebral palsy: An event-related brain potential study of error detection and response adjustment

The term cerebral palsy is used to define a number of disorders which affect posture and movement. Cerebral palsy is attributed to damage or abnormal development in the developing brain of fetus’s or infants. Though there are many contributing factors to cerebral palsy, one of particular note are infarcts (tissue death as a result of lack

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Developmental Neuropsychology: Treatments and guidelines for phenylketonuria

Revision of treatments and guidelines for phenylketonuria: evidence from neurocognition

An inborn, inherited, error of metabolism, phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare, highly treatable disease. In contrast to its relatively treatable nature, when left untreated, PKU can result in seizures, intellectual disability, and further medical issues. The most common method for prevention is the early introduction of a strict diet highlighting the restriction of phenylalanine (Phe). Despite its treatability, patients with PKU show an average 8-10 points lower than normal in addition to underperforming in neuropsychological tests.

Cognitive impairments have been associated with concurrent blood Phe levels, and even more so with lifetime blood Phe levels. The question being raised by the authors concerns whether or not the recommend Phe level for patients with PKU is too high. Currently, from the age of 0-10, this level varies between 240 and 360 micromolars/L. The drawback is that this range is not the

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Developmental Neuropsychology: ADHD

Examining a pilot study of methylphenidate, interstimulus interval, and reaction time performance of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
State regulation and motivation in ADHD
Investigating the dysfunctional modulation of default mode network activity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Examining a pilot study of methylphenidate, interstimulus interval, and reaction time performance of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common found disorders in children. Characterized by inattention and hyperactivity, ADHD is primarily an inherited disorder. Treatment usually involves methylphenidate (MPH), which works by regulating the dopamine system. This often results in a decrease in impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. Despite this, children on MPH

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Developmental Neuropsychology: Autism

Investigating the role of the frontal cortex in autism
The role of response inhibition and immediate arousal in children with high functioning autism
The role of cognitive flexibility in adults with functioning autism

Investigating the role of the frontal cortex in autism

Little is known about the underlying neural developmental defects which result in the emergence of autistic behavior during the early years of life. The frontal lobe has been identified as the most likely region to be involved, and yet little is known about it. The frontal lobe plays a key role in higher order language, cognitive, emotional, and social faculties, each one affected by autism. This has provided support for the frontal lobe hypothesis

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