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The study of abnormal psychology is the study of people who suffer from mental, emotional and often physical pain. This is often called psychopathology. Cultural relativism states that behavior can only be abnormal according to current cultural norms and not through universal standards. The distress-criterium states that behavior can be viewed as abnormal when a person experiences distress as a consequence of that behavior. Modern judgments of abnormality are not based on a single criteria, but are influenced by an interplay of the four D’s: dysfunction, distress, deviance and dangerousness. There are three types of theories that try to describe the causes of abnormal behavior: biological, supernatural and psychosocial theories. A psychological epidemic is a phenomenon in which a large number of people show abnormal behavior that seems to have a psychological cause. Franz Anton Mesmer developed mesmerism. This is a method based on animal magnetism. His treatments took patients into a state of trance that later would be called hypnosis. Classical conditioning refers to connecting a conditioned response to a stimulus that before caused another response. Operant conditioning states that behavior that is followed by positive consequences is more likely to be repeated than behavior that is followed by negative consequences. A theory is a set of ideas that offers a framework upon which questions can be asked about a certain phenomenon and upon which information can be gathered and interpreted about that phenomenon. A therapy is a treatment, often based on a theory about a disorder, that deals with the factors that according to that theory cause the disorder. There are several approaches for explaining psychological complaints: the biological, psychological and sociocultural approach. Besides these there is...
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Summary for Personality Clinical and Health psychology.
A biological theory
A supernatural theory
A psychosocial theory
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Learning through observation
Learning through punishment and rewarding
That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.
That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.
Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness
Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.
Behavior and feelings that distress causeto the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.
Strongly deviant (deviant) behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.
Behaviors that are dangerous (dangerous) to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.
A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.
B. Operant conditioning
A
The biological approach
The psychological approach
The sociocultural approach
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Behaviors are taught the fastest with the help of a continuous reinforcement schedule
Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are the fastest to learn again
Only claim I is correct
Only claim II is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
Unconscious behaviour = automatisms.
95% of our behaviour. This is simply routine behaviour, which is context/stimulus-driven. This means that something in your surrounding simply activates this behaviour, such as coughing after inhaling smoke from a fire.
It is a result of conditioning or associations.
Conscious behaviour = planned behaviour 5% of our behaviour. It is the result of what we plan to do. It takes into account our assessment of our own abilities and what we think other people will think of our behaviour.
Antecedents are stimuli that precede behaviour. They are a signal to our brain to instigate (start) a certain behaviour. Antecedents can take the form of events, people, feelings, thoughts, etc.
There are three types of antecedents, beliefs, interpretations and self-convictions.
1.What is making you tackle it right now, at
.....read moreOn this page I collect all the summaries, practice exams and lecture notes for History of Psychology!
You can find the summary of Pioneers of Psychology - Fancher & Rutherford (5th edtition) here!
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