Cognitive Psychology - UL - ExamTests (2018-2019) (EN)

MC questions

Question 1

What do cognitive neuropsychologists conclude from the occurrence of a 'double dissociation' between two cognitive functions?

1. That the two functions are performed by the same brain structure

2. That the two functions are performed by the same brain structure, but by different parts of it

3. That the two functions are performed by two separate but dependent brain structures

4. That the two functions are performed by two separate and independently functioning brain structures

Question 2

Broadbent's model for visual attention contains a 'desicion channel' with a limited processing capacity. What inspired this idea of ​​limited capacity?

1. The computer and telecommunication technology

2. Visual attention of animals

3. Filtering coffee

4. The memory card of a camera

Question 3

What has Gestalt Psychology been particularly concerned with?

1. 'Laws' in grouping elements in the visual field

2. 'Laws' in grouping elements in the auditory field

3. 'Laws' in grouping brain structures

4. 'Laws' in grouping auditory and visual information

Question 4

The visual system in the brain has two 'flows' or streams: the dorsal flow or stream and the ventral flow or stream. What is probably the function of the dorsal flow or stream?

1. Recognizing objects

2. The perception of the visual world

3. Steering movement based on perception

4. None of the above 

Question 5

The expression "perception lies in the brain or the perceiver" is most consistent with ...

1. The approach to low vision

2. The neuropsychological approach to visual perception

3. 'The Gibsonian view' on visual perception

4. The constructivist theory of Richard Gregory and others

Question 6

Richard Gregory distinguished between 3 types of visual illusions:

1. Physical phenomena, with as an example ...

2. Illusions due to physiological processes in the brain that are not influenced top-down, with as an example ...

3. Illusions due to top-down influence on perception, with as an example ...

What's on the dotted lines?

1. 1) Color after effect, 2) Mirage, 3) Muller-Lyer illusion

2. 1) Mirage, 2) Hermann grid, 3) Ames chamber

3. 1) Mirage, 2) Muller-Lyer illusion, 3) Hermann grid

4. 1) Color after effect, 2) Ames chamber, 3) Hermann grid

Question 7

What does the "law of similarity" from the Gestalt psychology state?

1. That "figure" and "background" are easier to separate as they resemble each other

2. That elements in the visual field can be grouped together based on common color or shape

3. That two stimuli that are equal are processed faster when they are presented together than when each stimulus is presented alone each

4. None of the above 

Question 8

What is NOT characteristic of 'automatic' (versus 'controlled') processing of stimuli?

1. Automatic processing is an unconscious process

2. Automatic processing can occur when reading

3. Automatic processing is serial

4. Automatic processing is not part of the 'Stroop task'

Question 9

You are very 'in your mind' while making your breakfast and then you suddenly notice that you are pouring Jus d'Orange on your plate instead of in your glass. This is a typical example of:

1. A lapse

2. Monotasking

3. A slip

4. The Feature Interogation Theory (FIT)

Question 10

Rate the following statements:

1. According to the 'late selection model' of Deutsch and Deutsch, selection only takes place at the level of the response

2. According to the 'early selection model' of Broadbent, selection takes place early on the basis of mental characteristics

Which option is correct?

1. Statements I and II are both correct

2. Statement I is correct, statement II incorrect

3. Statement I is incorrect, statement II is correct

4. Statements I and II are both incorrect

Question 11

In an experiment by Allport and colleagues, test subjects had to 'shadow' a story - which was offered to 1 ear -. At the same time, a list of words to remember was presented. The researchers found that the memory for that list of words was better with ... presentation, which proves the importance of ... in performing double tasks.

1. Visual, exercise

2. Visual, task similarity

3. Auditory, exercise

4. Auditory, task similarity

Question 12

Selective attention models proposed by Treisman, Broadbent and Deutsch & Deutsch differ in the extent to which irrelevant (ignored) information is processed to a meaningful (semantic) level. What is the correct order of the models, from little meaning processing to much meaning processing?

1. Broadbent, Deutsch & Deutch, Treisman

2. Deutsch & Deutsch, Treisman, Broadbent

3. Broadbent, Treisman, Deutsch & Deutsch

4. Deutsch & Deutsch, Broadbent, Treisman

Question 13

What is the most important characteristic of apperceptive agnosia?

1. The patient is unable to replicate drawings

2. The patient has to deal with color blindness

3. The patient is unable to make drawings by heart

4. Confusing objects that are similar

Question 14

What is the most important characteristic of "form" agnosia (compared to "integrative" agnosia)?

1. In form agnosia, there is also "unilateral neglect".

2. In form agnosia, the patient cannot only recognize objects visually, but also after touching them.

3. In form agnosia, the patient is unable to replicate drawings.

4. Form agnosia is primarily a disorder of the "true" system.

Question 15

With "Synaesthesia" there is an association between, for example, numbers and colors. Which statement about this phenomenon is correct?

1. The color perception only occurs when the figure has actually been offered. Not when it is - for example - the result of an arithmetic operation (2 + 5 =).

2. The observed color with a number is the same for observers. For example, the number 7 is always associated with the color red.

3. The color is only perceived when there is a conscious sensation (and not with an accessible threshold of a figure).

4. An ambiguous stimulus (eg a sign that can be read both as the number 5 and the letter S) always gives the same color sensation, independent of the interpretation of the observer.

Question 16

What explanation has NOT been given for 'blindsight' over the years?

1. There is a system that focuses on locating an object in space and the second system focuses on its identification

2. Blindsight is the result of new connections between parts of the brain that have arisen after the damage occurred

3. Patients use a different (more 'primitive') route in the visual system

4. There is a primitive non-striped (non-striate) system that is sensitive to movement, and a more developed striped (striate) system that ensures conscious perception

Question 17

Why is memory crucial for our functioning?

1. It is essential for the planning of behaviour

2. It influences social interaction and the associated consequences

3. It helps when learning new routines and changing old routines

4. All the above 

Question 18

What is the best estimate of the memory capacity?

1. 2 to 3 items

2. 3 to 5 items

3. 5 to 9 items

4. 5 to 10 items

Question 19

In a test, the assignment is to complete the letters l-c-m-t-e into one complete word. The chance that this will succeed is greater if the word 'locomotive' has been read some time before. This is called the 'repetition-priming' effect. This chance of succeeding is:

1. Independent of being able to remember or recognize the word

2. Independent of the presence of a visual stimulus

3. Independent of the number of firing neurons in the brain

4. None of the above

Question 20

A test subject is offered three random characters for two seconds. Then he / she must first count down 20 seconds and then try to remember the characters. This is repeated a large number of times, and every time with different combinations of characters. How many characters are remembered?

1. Less than 1 on average

2. 1 on average

3. 2 on average

4. 3 on average

Question 21

Characteristic of amnesia (amnestic syndrome) is:

1. No more names of people and objects

2. Loss of episodic memory functions

3. Problems with remembering the distant past

4. All the above answers are correct

Question 22

There are two theories that explain retrogade and anterogade amnesia that occurs with amnetic syndrome. Which statement about those theories is the most true?

1. The best explanation about retrograde and anterograde amnesia has come to light through pharmacological research

2. The best explanation is a cognitive-biological explanation

3. Neither of the theories is entirely adequate to explain amnesia

4. The best explanation is a deficiency in learning and storing information

Question 23

One of the rules for drawing a logical conclusion from propositional data is called modus ponens. This is:

1. An example of deductive reasoning

2. An example of an inductive reasoning

3. One of the rules of deductive reasoning

4. One of the rules of inductive reasoning

Question 24

Perseveration is one of the characteristics of the mental disorder known as 'dysexecutive' syndrome. What's the meaning of this?

1. The ability to remember the effect of a solution strategy and use it for the next problem

2. The ability to maintain a successful solution strategy

3. An inability to let go of a solution strategy that is unsuccessful and replace it with a better one

4. None of the above 

Question 25

There is often confusion at the end of 'garden path' sentences, such as 'I saw people with the big binoculars'. What is this confusion proof for?

1. The 'immediacy principle' in the syntactic analysis of a sentence

2. The wrong use of 'parsing'

3. Chomsky's distinction between 'competence' and 'performance' in the syntactic analysis of sentences

4. The 'cohesive devices' as pointed out by Halliday and Hasan

Question 26

Consider the sentence: "A maniac for weekends" instead of "a weekend for maniacs". What kind of mistake in speaking is this called?

1. This is an example of wordsubstitution

2. An example of sound exchange errors

3. An example of morpheme changes: stranding errors

4. All the above 

Question 27

According to Groome, what is an explanation for reading surface dyslexia (where irregular words, such as 'steak', are regularized)?

1. Acute brain injury

2. Damage to the lexical-semantic (whole-word) route

3. Damage to the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere

4. Damage to the temporal lobe in the right hemisphere

Question 28

What is the most typical error that patients with 'deep dyslexia' often make?

1. They can not recognize words immediately

2. They experience difficulties when reading non-existent words

3. They read the words that are close to the word to be read in meaning

4. They experience no difficulties when reading words if those words meet the 'spelling-to-sound' rules

Question 29

What is NOT a form of aphasia?

1. Regional aphasia

2. Anomy aphasia

3. Broca's aphasia

4. Conduction aphasia

Answer indication MC questions

1. D

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. C

9. C

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. C

15. C

16. B

17. D

18. C

19. A

20. C

21. B

22. D

23. C

24. C

25. A

26. C

27. B

28. C

29. A