PCHP - Personality Clinical and Health psychology
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A biological theory
A supernatural theory
A psychosocial theory
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Learning through observation
Learning through punishment and rewarding
That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.
That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.
Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness
Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.
Behavior and feelings that distress causeto the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.
Strongly deviant (deviant) behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.
Behaviors that are dangerous (dangerous) to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.
A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.
B. Operant conditioning
A
The biological approach
The psychological approach
The sociocultural approach
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Behaviors are taught the fastest with the help of a continuous reinforcement schedule
Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are the fastest to learn again
Only claim I is correct
Only claim II is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Dominant and rigid behavior
Fearful and aggressive behavior
Serotonin
Dopamine
Cognitive therapy
Psychodynamic therapy
B. The psychological approach. For example, the biological approach assumes a genetic predisposition. The socio-cultural approach is based on cultural values or social environment.
C. Hippocampus. The thalamus sends incoming information from the senses to the cerebrum. The hypothalamus regulates eating, drinking and sexual behavior. The Amygdala is critical for emotions such as fear.
A. Only claim I is correct. Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are very difficult to learn because the person is used to not being rewarded continuously. So less reward is needed to maintain the behavior.
B. Secondary prevention. Primary prevention attempts to change the circumstances so that the disorder does not arise at all. In the case of tertiary prevention, an attempt is made to limit the impact of an already existing disorder as much as possible.
B
A
A
Face validity
Content validity
Competitor validity
Construct validity
Test-retest reliability
Internal reliability
Interrater reliabilityvisualize
Alternate form reliability
Positron-emission tomography (PET)
Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Depression and anxiety
Personality disorders and mental retardation
Autism spectrum disorders
Living environment
Reliability
Validity
An assessment is giving a label to a number of symptoms that often occur together.
An assessment is the process of collecting symptoms and looking at what the causes may be.
Assessment techniques must be efficient, reliable and valid.
Assessment techniques must be reliable, valid and standardized.
Personality Inventory
Behavior Assessment
Activity of the brain
Structure of the brain
With measurable changes in the nervous system that show emotional and psychological changes.
With the determination of certain neurological abnormalities, such as the presence of brain tumors.
Making a certain diagnosis for an individual
Organizing problems of individuals in certain groups
Comorbidity
Multiple syndrome
That behavior can be tracked and registered at more times.
The influence of the presence of another person will lapse. This is called reactivity.
It takes a lot of time to take these tests.
The reliability and validity of these tests are not high
The thematic apperception test
Observing someone in a conflict
B. Content validity
D. Alternate form reliability
A. Positron-emission tomography (PET). It is also still done at Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), this is a less expensive technique, but also less accurate.
D. Living environment
A
B
B
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
A
Reliving the traumatic experience
Depression
Emotional anesthesia
Hyper vigilance
Treatment with medicines works better in the short term than cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long termworse in the
Drug treatment worksshort term than cognitive behavioral therapy, but better in the long term
Drug treatment works in the short term as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long term
Drug treatment works just as well in the short term as cognitive behavioral therapy, but better in the long term
Behavioral disorder
Mood
disorder Anxiety disorder
Avoiding personality disorder
are effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder, but are not effective in treating panic attacks.
Are effective in treating panic attacks as long as the use is continued. ...
In more than half of patients with panic disorder.
In patients who have a panic disorder, and also suffer from depression.
Repetitions; Avoidance; Negative changes in thoughts and state of mind; Increased arousal.
Impulsivity; Suicidal thoughts; Addiction behavior; Fear
average is larger, which could have to do with the fact that the hippocampus has to 'work overtime' to keep the amygdala response in check.
On average, it is smaller, which could be related to the toxic effects of chronically elevated cortisol levels.
True, about 1% of the population ever live in their lives.
This is not true, about 28% of the population ever makes a panic attack.
Illusion
Compulsion
Aggravate Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Have a modest positive effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder.
OCD
Panic Disorder
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Agoraphobia is a specific phobia, namely the fear of spiders.
Agoraphobia is the fear and avoidance of situations or public places that are seen as unsafe.
Reacts the amygdala more violently to emotional stimuli and the medial prefrontal cortex is less active.
Reacts the amygdala more violently to emotional stimuli and is the medial prefrontal cortex more active
In the parasympathetic nervous system
In the sympathetic nervous system
Depression
Bipolar disorder
Systematic desensitization
Gradual habituation
people have an obsession with buying, also called 'passion for buying'.
People have trouble throwing away their belongings, regardless of value.
Adrenal cortical system
Both the adrenal cortical system and the autonomic nervous system
The basal ganglia
The limbic system
Obsessions are thoughts, images or ideas that are persistent and uncontrollable, and that often cause anxiety or stress.
Obsessions are repeated actions that a person must carry out.
The fear often concerns a specific, large life change.
The fear is often focused on many different, small daily events.
B. Depression
Possible symptoms are:
Palpitations
Sweating
Vibrating
Shortness of breath or a feeling of suffocation
Pain or pressure on the chest
Nausea or abdominal pain
Dizziness,
lightheaded Derealisation or depersonalization
Fear of losing control or going crazy
Fear of dying
Cold chills or hot flushes
A stinging or burning sensation on the skin
C. Drug treatment works in the short term as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long term. When you stop taking the medication, the symptoms often return. Cognitive behavioral therapy is much better in preventing a relapse.
A. Behavioral disorder
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
B
A
A
B
B
B
A
B
What is the difference between somatic symptom disorders and psychosomatic disorders?
Both terms describe the same phenomenon
People with somatic symptom disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological state. People with psychosomatic disorders do not have diseases with a physical cause
People with psychosomatic disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological condition. People with somatic symptomdo not have diseases with a physical cause
disturbancesWhich of the following disorders is not a somatic symptom disorder?
Conversion
disorder Illness anxiety disorder
Factitious disorderdisorder
A dissociative identity
If someone loses the feeling for the reality of the external world, there is talk of ..
Dissociation
Derealisation
Marieke has recently experienced a traumatic car accident. As a result, she can suddenly no longer move her right arm. What kind of disorder does Marieke suffer from?
Pain Disorder
Functional Neurological Disorder
Someone deliberately acts as if he or she has a disease to receive medical attention. This person spoke of ...
A factitious disorder
malingering
Which form (s) of amnesia is often caused by a psychological event?
Retrograde amnesia
Both anterograde and retrograde amnesia
What disorder is there when someone feels that he or she is disconnected from his or her thoughts and body?
A dissociative fugue
A depersonalization disorder
In which disorder do there exist 100 personalities or fragments of personalities side by side in one body and mind?
Depersonalization DisorderDisorder
Dissociative Identity
In which kind of amnesia is an individual unable to remember important personal information?
Organic, retrograde amnesia
Dissociative amnesia
Consider the following statement: Antidepressants can have a positive effect on the treatment of a dissociative identity disorder. Is this statement true or not true?
This statement is true
This statement is not true
What shows that people with a dissociative identity disorder use dissociation to relax reality?
From the fact that they are easy to hypnotize
From the fact that they can stay hypnotized for a long time once they are hypnotized.
What is derealisation?
A relapse in the process of behavioral change. is.
The feeling that everything around you 'is not real'
Dissociation is a rather rare phenomenon.
False, dissociation is a normal phenomenon and often occurs with fatigue or stress.
True, only 2 - 3% of the population ever participate.
C. People with psychosomatic disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological state. People with somatic symptom disorders do not have diseases with a physical cause.
D: a dissociative identity disorder. This disorder is part of the dissociative disorders.
B. Derealisation
B. Functional Neurological Disorder
A. A factitious disorder
A. Retrograde amnesia
B. Depersonalization disorder
B. Dissociative identity disorder
B. Dissociative amnesia
A. This statement is where
A. From the fact that they are easy to hypnotize
B. The feeling that everything around you 'not really'
A. Not true, dissociation is a normal phenomenon and often occurs in case of fatigue or stress.
Depression is most prevalent among young adults
As people get older, the chance of depression only gets smaller
Only thesis I is true
Only thesis II is where
Both theses are true
Both propositions are false
There is no evidence for a genetic background in bipolar disorder
People with unipolar disorder are no more likely to develop bipolar disorder than people without unipolar disorder
Only thesis I is true
Only thesis II is true
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The theory of learned helplessness
Cognitive theory of depression
The reformulated learned helplessness theory
The behavioral theory of depression
This man had no psychiatric diagnosis.
This man suffered from depression.
a role inA smaller role compared to unipolar mood disorders.
A bigger role compared to unipolar mood disorders
after stopping the treatment, there is more relapse in antidepressants than in cognitive behavioral therapy.
Antidepressants work much more slowly than cognitive behavioral therapy
Approximately 75% of patients who have had depression have to experience a depressive period later in life.
Approximately 40% of patients who have recovered from depression will regain depression within one to two years.
Anxiety Disorder
Depression
Hypomania
Hypermanie
One
Two
This statement is correct
This statement is incorrect
This statement is correct
This statement is incorrect.
A cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that is milder but longer than a bipolar disorder.
A cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that is milder but longer lasting than a major depressive disorder.
Interpersonal therapy
Family Focused Therapy
Atypical depression
Depression with mixed characteristics
Possible symptoms are:
Little eating or overeating
Insomnia or sleeping too much
Little energy or fatigue
Low self-esteem
Bad concentration and difficulty making decisions
Feelings of hopelessness
A. Only statement I is true. Depression is most common in young adults, after which the risk of depression decreases. But above the age of 85 there is again an increase in the chance of depression.
B. Only statement II is true. There is evidence for a genetic background in bipolar disorder: in family members of the first degree the probability is two to three times that they also get the disorder.
D. The behavioral theory of depression
B. This man suffered from depression.
B. A greater role compared to unipolar mood disorders
A. After stopping treatment there is more relapse in antidepressants than in cognitive behavioral therapy
A. About 75% of patients who have had depression, later in life has to deal with a depressive period.
B. Depression
A. Hypomania
B. Two
B. This statement is incorrect
B. This statement is incorrect
A. A cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that is milder but longer than a bipolar disorder .
B. Family Focused Therapy
A. Atypical depression
What is the difference between the diagnoses for schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia?
Which of the following symptoms is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Delusions
Hallucinations
Anhedonia
Unorganized speech and thoughts
What percentage of people with schizophrenia cures partially or completely?
0-10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-40%
What percentage of people with schizophrenia commits suicide?
5-10%
10-15%
15-20%
20-25%
Men generally have a better disease course of schizophrenia than women. Is this statement correct or incorrect?
This statement is correct
This statement is incorrect
People with schizophrenia often have ... .. ventricles and a ... .. prefrontal cortex
Smaller; smaller
Greater; smaller
Someone has the idea that he is constantly being chased, and sees people who are not really there. This person suffers from:
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
What is not an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Tangled speech
Smoothed affect
What does a letter psychotic disorder mean?
A person gets this diagnosis if the symptoms of schizophrenia only last one day to a month.
Someone gets this diagnosis if the symptoms of schizophrenia last at least one week, but no longer than a month.
If a person has a mix of symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder, the diagnosis is ............. Given.
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
In which disorder is there a prodromal, active and residual phase?
Schizophrenia
Dissociative Identity Disorder
In schizophrenia, a dopaminein the limbic system probably causes
positive symptoms
surplusBoth positive and negative symptoms
What is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
The approach behavior that people with schizophrenia often exhibit
Unorganized speech
What are hallucinations?
Ideas that the patient thinks are true, while those ideas are very unlikely or even impossible.
Someone has hallucinations when he perceives things that are not actually there.
What is the greatest benefit of atypical antipsychotics to the older forms of antipsychotics?
Atypical psychotics have almost no side effects.
Atypical psychotics also have an effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
'Wickedness' is:
A symptom
A syndrome
The prevalence of schizophrenia is somewhat higher among city dwellers than among people living in rural areas. This is probably because ....
People who live in the city experience more stress
People who live in the city are more susceptible to infectious diseases, which can infect pregnant women.
A psychologist assesses 18-year-old Tom and doubts whether he has had a psychosis. Some answers seem to indicate this, but Tom indicates that he does not want to talk about it. What can the psychologist do best to get more certainty about whether there has been a psychosis (given that Tom gives permission for this)?
Making an MRI scan
Interviewing family members or friends
People who suffer from psychoses and also have characteristics of schizophrenia and of a mood disorder classify in the category:
Schizoaffective disorder.
Cyclothyme disorder.
Which areas in the cortex often function less in patients with schizophrenia?
The frontal and temporal areas of the cortex.
The occipital and parietal areas of the cortex.
As a child of a single parent with schizophrenia, whose symptoms with medication are well controlled, you run on average as much risk of developing schizophrenia as other children from single parent families.
Incorrect, the risk is in the first case about 10x higher than in the second case.
Precisely, the risk is about 1% in both cases.
The diagnosis of mood disorder with psychotic characteristics is made when the positive symptoms only occur during a manic or depressive period. If the symptoms occur outside those periods, the diagnosis schizophrenia is made.
C. Anhedonia, this is the loss of interest in everything of life. Negative symptoms mean that someone no longer has normal behaviors or skills, instead of performing extra, abnormal behaviors.
C. 20-30% cure partially or completely.
B. 10-15% commits suicide.
B. This statement is incorrect
B. Larger; smaller
B. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia
A. Confused speech
A. A person gets this diagnosis if the symptoms of schizophrenia only last one day to a month
A. Schizoaffective disorder
A. Schizophrenia
A. Positive symptoms
A. The approach behavior of people with schizophrenia often
B. Someone has hallucinations when he perceives things that are not there.
B. Atypical psychotics also have an effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
A. A symptom
B. People who live in the city are more susceptible to infectious diseases, which can infect pregnant women.
B. Interviewing family members or friends
A. Schizoaffective disorder.
A. The frontal and temporal areas of the cortex.
A. Incorrect, in the first case the risk is about 10x higher than in the second case.
In which cluster personality disorders do the following symptoms occur? People with one of these disorders are manipulative, volatile, unconcerned in social relationships and prone to impulsive behavior.
Cluster A: paranoid and schizotypic personality disorder
Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder
Cluster C: dependent, avoidance and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
What is not a characteristic of the schizoid personality disorder?
Paranoia
Ideas of reference
Aggression
Magical thinking
Which statement is true?
Probably there are more personality disorders than there are in the DSM.
The symptoms of personality disorders are stable traits.
Only proposition I is true
Only theorem II is where
Both propositions are where
Both propositions are false
What is the difference between avoidant personality disorder and social phobia?
A woman knows time and time again to wind her finger with fantastic stories about how sincere and straightforward she is. When it comes down to it, however, she lets everyone fall like a brick and goes for her own interest. When confronted with the consequences of her actions, she does not give up. She does not feel sorry - they should not have been so silly, own fault!
What female personality disorder does this woman have characteristics?
Antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Which personality disorder does not fall under cluster B?
The paranid personality disorder
The antisocial personality disorder
Anna has no need to enter into social relationships with other people. Nor does she express any kind of emotions when she talks to someone else. What kind of personality disorder does Anna have?
A schizotypical personality disorder
A schizoid personality disorder
Consider the following statement: '75% of people with borderline do a suicide attempt '.
This statement is incorrect
This statement is correct
About which disorder is the following: 'It seems as if Mark always plays. He feels uncomfortable when he is not in the center of attention, he often tries to seduce others, and he uses his appearance for attention. '
A histrionic personality disorder
A narcissistic personality disorder
In which cluster does the schizotypic personality disorder belong?
Cluster C
Cluster A
What is the difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
In an obsessive-compulsive disorder it is more a general way of dealing with the world.
In people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is more about specific thoughts, images, ideas or behavior.
Which disorder is characterized by distrust and suspicion towards others, whereby their motives are interpreted as malicious?
Paranoid personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Ruth is always afraid of dealing with other people because she is afraid that others will judge her. She is sure that other people find her stupid and ugly. She lives alone and does not want to date with men, because she is sure that men find her ugly and drowsy, and would reject her. What kind of personality disorder does Ruth have?
An avoidant personality disorder
A dependent personality disorder
The DSM-V uses a hybrid model. What's the meaning of this?
That the DSM-V combines a categorical with a dimensional approach.
That the DSM-V has switched to a dimensional approach to DSM-IV.
What disorder is involved in the following: 'Think that he / she deserves special treatment, exploit others, great sense of self-importance, often envy others and think that others are jealous of him and ask for excessive admiration
"atheatrical personality
a narcissistic personality
B. B. cluster a cluster of people have characteristics of schizophrenia, in cluster C people have low self-esteem and difficulty with social relationships.
C. Aggression is not a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder
D. Both propositions are false. Because there is a lot of overlap between the personality disorders, there are probably fewer disorders than there are in the DSM. The symptoms of personality disorders are indicated in DSM as if they were stable traits, but in reality the symptoms vary over time.
The difference between this disorder and social phobia is that people with social phobia are usually afraid of specific situations, while people with an avoidant personality disorder are afraid of people in general.
A. Antisocial personality disorder
A. The paranid personality disorder
B. A schizoid personality disorder
B. This statement is correct
A. A histrionic personality disorder
B. Cluster A
B. In people with obsessive behavior Compulsive disorder is more about specific thoughts, images, ideas or behavior.
A. Paranoid personality disorder
A. An avoidant personality disorder
A. That the DSM-V combines a categorical with a dimensional approach.
B. A narcissistic personality
What is the difference between the binge / purge type of anorexia and bulimia?
People with the binge / purge type of anorexia also meet the other criteria for anorexia, while people with bulimia do not meet these criteria.
People with bulimia commit suicide 7.5 times as often.
People with the binge / purge type of anorexia report less often than people with bulimia.
People with the binge / purge type of anorexia do not have a healthy weight, while people with bulimia have a healthy weight or overweight.
Which statement is true?
The eating disorder obesity is not included in the DSM-V.
There is obesity with a BMI of 35 or higher.
Only statement I is true
Only statement II is where
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
Which form of therapy works best for bulimia nervosa?
Behavioral therapy.
Cognitive behavioral therapy.
Interpersonal therapy.
Supportive-expressive therapy.
D. People with the binge / purge type of anorexia do not have a healthy weight, while people with bulimia have a healthy weight or overweight.
A. Only statement I is correct. The eating disorder obesity is not included in the DSM-V, but it is a major risk for a person's health. There is obesity with a BMI of 30 or higher.
B. Cognitive behavioral therapy works best with bulimia nervosa, because it addresses both the thoughts and the behavior.
Which statement is correct?
Psychological disorders often occur together with medical problems because disorder and illness have a shared medical cause.
Psychological disorders often occur together with medical problems, because psychological problems contribute to the development of medical problems.
Only statement I is correct
Only statement II is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
What is true?
Men more often have a type A personality than women
People who already have high blood pressure show a lesser increase in blood pressure when they experience a stressor than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Both depression and CHD are linked to a problem with the dopamine system.
All of the above is true.
At what stage of sleep are the slowest waves visible on the EEG?
REM sleep
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3 and 4
Someone who strives for honor and who is impatient, competitive and hostile has a ...
Histrionic personality disorder
Type A personality
C. Both statements are correct. In addition, medical problems can also contribute to the development of psychological problems.
A. Men more often have a type A personality than women. People who already have high blood pressure also have a greater increase in blood pressure when they experience a stressor. Depression and CHD are linked to a problem with the serotonin system, not the dopamine system.
D. Phase 3 and 4 are characterized by Delta waves, of only 1 or 2 Hertz.
B. Type A personality
Which statement is incorrect?
When someone has an internal locus of control, he will have more good health habits
Access to health care has a positive influence on the development of good health
behaviors Higher educated people often have better health habits
None of the above statements are incorrect
Which statement about attitude change is correct?
It is best not to include too many statistics in the message
Strong arguments are best communicated in the middle of the message
Messages are best to leave the drawing of the conclusions to the people themselves
The more extreme a message, the stronger the effect on the attitude change
Which statement is correct?
In general, prevention-oriented messages are best used to implement behavioral change, while promotional-oriented messages work best to maintain change.
People with a promotional focus are more sensitive to messages that are framed as benefits, while people with a prevention focus are more sensitive to the stressed risks.
Only statement I is correct
Only proposition II is correct
Both propositions are correct
Both propositions are incorrect
Name the five stages of the trans-theoretical model of behavioral change.
According to the health belief model, people with a high degree of ...... are able to maintain certain healthy behaviors.
Self-awareness Self-
employment
D. None of the statements is incorrect
A. It is best not to process too many statistics in the message. Strong arguments can best be communicated at the beginning or end of the message, it is important to make the conclusions explicitly clear and how extreme a message is but to a certain extent has a positive effect on the attitude change.
B. Only statement II is correct. Promotion-oriented messages work best for starting behavioral change, while prevention-oriented messages work best to maintain change.
1. Precontemplation, 2. Contemplation, 3. Preparation, 4. Action, 5. Maintenance
B. Self-employment
Which statement is correct?
The number of accidents at home is decreasing, but the number of accidents at work has actually increased.
Much attention has been paid in recent years to the prevention of traffic accidents through psychological interventions.
Only statement I is correct
Only statement II is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
What percentage of women in the risk group can actually be screened every year for breast cancer?
16%
27%
48%
59%
Which body shape poses the most health risks?
Apple shape (especially fat accumulation on the belly)shape (especially fat
Pearaccumulation on the hips, buttocks and thighs)
Both body forms bring as much risk
The control of overweight has a great chance of success when advising:
A long-term goal (final goal, for example writing a book).
Set a number of short-term goals (for example, writing 1 page every day)
D. Both statements are incorrect. The number of accidents at home has actually increased, especially among the elderly, while the number of accidents at work has decreased. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the prevention of traffic accidents, but this was due to the adaptation of traffic rules. Psychological interventions to make people stick to these traffic rules are missing.
B. 27%. Of these women who receive a recommendation, 59% occasionally (every two years) screen, and only 27% every year.
A. Apple shape. Abdominal fat increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and the reduction of cognitive functions.
B. Set a number of short-term goals (for example, writing 1 page every day)
Which statement is correct?
An alcoholic person always suffers from withdrawal symptoms when he stops drinking
A problem drinker is not bothered by withdrawal symptoms and does not have to have any other medical problems, but there are always social problems.
Only statement I is correct
Only statement II is correct
Both propositions are correct
Both statements are incorrect
Which statement is correct?
Alcoholics and problem drinkers will never be able to learn to drink in moderation, the best is if they do not drink alcohol at all.
Drinking in moderation can have a positive effect on health, for example on cardiovascular diseases.
Only statement I is correct
Only statement II is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
What is not a factor that distinguishes a light smoker from a heavy smoker?
Light smokers attach more importance to academic success
Light smokers often have supportive home situations
Light smokers often have fewer people around them who smoke
Light smokers have a better idea of how unhealthy smoking is
What is meant by behavioral inoculation?
Someone with a positive self-esteem:
Avoids assessment situations
Aiming at other issues sooner after a failure
A. Only statement I is correct. With problem drinkers, there is indeed no question of physical addiction, but of social, medical and psychological problems.
B. Only statement II is correct. Alcoholics and problem drinkers who are still young, have a job and receive a lot of social support can learn to drink in moderation, assuming they have not been drinking for too long. This has the advantage that it is a more realistic form of drinking behavior than total abstinence.
D. This is precisely a characteristic that they share with heavy smokers: light smokers have the same attitudes and health beliefs about smoking as heavy smokers.
Behavioral inoculation means that someone will hear a weak version of an argument, so that he can come up with counter-arguments against it. This makes him stronger in his shoes when he hears a stronger version of that argument.
B. Addresses other issues sooner after a failure
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Thank you Esteban! sanderP contributed on 11-01-2019 10:09
Thank you Esteban!
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