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Forward genetic screens are a powerful approach in genetics aimed at identifying genes responsible for specific phenotypes, or observable characteristics, in an organism. Unlike reverse genetic screens, which start with a known gene and investigate its function, forward screens begin with a mutant phenotype and work backwards to identify the underlying genes.
Imagine researchers studying the development of the nervous system in fruit flies. They perform a forward genetic screen by inducing random mutations and then looking for flies with abnormal nervous system development, such as defects in leg movement or coordination. By identifying the genes mutated in these flies, researchers can gain crucial insights into the genes and pathways essential for proper nervous system development.
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