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In which phase of a study is the working hypothesis formulated?
Take a look at the two definitions of the concept of ‘performance motivation’ below.
Are these definitions conceptual or operational?
A researcher wants to study to what extent giftedness in children in primary school is associated with behavioral problems in the classroom. What kind of research is fit to study this research question?
A study examines the relationship between gender, age and social skills. Which of these variables can only be an independent variable?
When a hypothesis arises because a researcher thinks there is a certain coherence in the data based on previous research, this hypothesis is based on:
C. Deduction
C. I is operational; II is conceptual
B. Correlational research
C. Sex and age
D. Empirical generalization
We compare the averages of three groups with each other and want to determine the explained variance. The group averages are 4.2, 6.1 and 8.3, while the large average (calculated over all persons) is 6.3. How big is the contribution of a person in the first group to the SS(in between)?
We want to explain a certain variable Y from another variable X. What applies to the sums of squares?
If in an experiment the dependent variable (Y) is partly explained by the independent variable (X), the total variance of Y can be split into:
D. (-2.1)2
A. SS(Y) = SS(Inside) + SS(Between)
D. Systematic variance + within groups variance
In a study the variable Intelligence is measured in the following way:
What measurement level does this variable have?
Reliability relates to ... errors; you can determine the extent to which these errors are present / play a role, by means of ... .
A study advisor tries to predict study success. He takes a questionnaire from a group of prospective students that measures motivation. At the end of their first year, he examines whether these students have successfully completed their study year. He then determines the correlation with the scores on the motivation questionnaire. What kind of validity is involved here?
A researcher has determined that higher levels of testosterone in men are associated with increased risky behavior while driving. In a follow-up study, he finds the same relationship in a sample of women. What kind of validity is this an example of?
Someone claims that Hanna's score on a variable is twice as big as Oscar's score. What measurement level does the variable need to have in order to make this statement?
B. Ordinal
A. Random-; Repeated measurement
B. Predictive validity
C. External validity
D. Ratio
Leary mentions a number of pros and cons of open versus closed questions. Consider the following two statements:
Here applies:
In his book, Leary discusses four categories of data collection methods. Which of the alternatives below does not belong to one of those categories?
D. Both statements are incorrect
C. Content analysis
A researcher wants to know to what extent nicotine use is related to study results. She puts up a note on a bulletin board in the FSW building calling on smoking students to participate in the study. 62 students have signed up. This sample of students is called a:
In a study into residents of penal institutions in the Netherlands, a number of institutions are randomly drawn from the complete list of Dutch penal institutions. This is a:
A. Nonprobability sample
D. Multistage cluster sample
What is the only suitable measure of central tendency at a variable measured at nominal measurement level?
Look at the following five-number-summary: 4 – 15 – 37 – 39 – 43 Which of the current statements is incorrect?
Below is a frequency table of the variable Intelligence:
Value | Frequency |
IQ lower than 80 | 3 |
IQ between 81 and 90 | 27 |
IQ between 91 and 110 | 17 |
IQ between 111 and 120 | 45 |
IQ higher than 120 | 8 |
What is the cumulative absolute frequency associated with the category 'IQ between 111 and 120'?:
Given are the 100-meter times of a sprinter from the last four races: 10.9, 11.2, 11.0 and 11.3. What is the standard deviation of these results?
Scores of 500 children have been obtained on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). These scores appear to be normally divided by μ = 105 and σ = 12. What percentage of the children have a WISC score between 100 and 120 ?
Again use the data from the previous assignment (N(105,12)). The 20% lowest scoring children want to be offered extra education. What is the highest WISCscore where one wants to offer a child this extra education?
Consider the following two statements about the normal distribution and z-scores.
Here applies:
The service life of incandescent lamps is normally divided by μ = 480 and σ = 50, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Someone has kept track of the fact that he bought 200 light bulbs in his life and that 20% of them had to be replaced within 400 hours. To see if he has been lucky with that, he examines how many lamps need to be replaced according to the manufacturer's information.
Immediately after a M&T exam, eleven randomly chosen students checked how many of the 40 questions they answered correctly. These scores are shown in the voting plot below.
Determine the value of the Median. This is equal to:
In the population of anorexic patients who are under treatment, the variable ‘Weight’ is normally distributed with an average of 47 and a variance 23.04. What is the probability that the weight of a randomly chosen person from this population is: 40 Weight 50?
B. Mode
B. The distribution is skewed to the left
B. . 92
C. 0.183
C. 55.72
C. 99.67
D. Both statements are incorrect
B. The man was unlucky, because according to the statement there should be 11 pieces after 400 hours
A. 19
A. 0.6636
There are scores of 5 people which are obtained on 3 different scales that measure attitude towards religion. We assume that these scales have an interval measurement level. The scores are in the following table:
Wilkie-Brown | St.Peter Scale | Soper Scale |
3 | 4 | 3 |
2 | 6 | 6 |
1 | 5 | 8 |
5 | 2 | 2 |
7 | 8 | 1 |
The Wilkie-Brown and the Soper Scale are:
Use the table of the previous question again. What is the value of the covariance between the St. Peter Scale and the Soper Scale?
Look at the following two theorems regarding the Pearson r:
Here applies:
If we find Pearson r of .78 between two numeric variables, while inspection of the corresponding point cloud shows that the relationship is clearly curvilinear, then the following applies:
A researcher looks at the relationship between the extent to which someone is open to new experiences (X, where 0 = not at all and 10 = completely) and how far someone travels from home for holiday (Y in 100 km). The data is shown in the point cloud below. Based on this data, what is the best conclusion we can draw about the relationship between these two variables?
A company psychologist has checked for 200 managers what their blood pressure (X) is and how much profit (Y) their company makes. With this data he calculates the mean, variance and covariance: x̄ = 80 and sx = 5; ȳ= 60, sy = 6 and sxy = −15. What value does Pearson’s r have?
B. Very likely negatively correlated
A. 0.0
B. Only proposition I is correct
B. There is probably a bandage, but that Pearson r is not the right means to use
D. The extent to which someone is open to new experiences is not related to the travel distance to the holiday destination.
A. -0.50
A transport psychologist has found that the relationship between the driving speed (X in km/h) and the number of accidents (Y per year) of motor drivers, is:
y ˆ = 1 + 0.05*x
You know that Jansen usually drives at a speed of 160 km per hour. How many accidents will he make per year?
C. 9
Which of the following independent variables cannot be manipulated in an experiment?
A social psychologist conducts a study with an experimental group (E) and a control group (C). He/she suspects that gender and IQ affect the dependent variable, and wants to bring these two disruptive variables under control. Very specifically, he/she wants the following:
To this end, he/she applies randomisation, which results in the following classification:
Average score per measurement
Subject | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Sex | M | V | V | M | M | M | V | V |
IQ | 87 | 113 | 94 | 120 | 105 | 88 | 95 | 92 |
Condition | E | E | E | E | C | C | C | C |
Does the result of this randomisation meet the requirements set by the researcher?
What effect is not a threat to the validity of an experimental study?
A. Subject factors
A. Yes, gender and IQ are both under control
C. Randomization
The following Solomon 4 groups design is given (the numbers in parentheses indicate the group averages):
R I O0 (3)... X ... O1 (10)
R II O0 (3) ... ... ... O1 (7)
R III O0 X ... O1 (5)
R IV O0 O1 (4)
What is the best estimate for the effect of sensitization?
In a pretest-posttest control group design
R I O0 ... X ... O1
R II O0 ... ... ... O1
one can determine the joint effect of:
B. 2
B. Testing + History/Maturation
In a sample of 132 people, we examined the attitude towards the deployment of troops to Erithrea. A total of 96 respondents were in favour of broadcasting. It turns out that of the 79 men in the sample, 48 were for intervention. What is the best conclusion?
C. Women are relatively more in favour of broadcasting
In a interrupted time-series experiment, eight measurements were taken. The experimental procedure (a treatment for depression) took place between measurement 4 and 5. The researchers found:
O1 | O2 | O3 | O4 | X | O5 | O6 | O7 | O8 |
54 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 33 | 35 | 33 | 34 |
Clearly visible in these results are:
A trainer wants to improve the computer skills of a company's employees. To determine the current skill level, he took a test. He then offered the training to all employees. A week after the training, he again measured the computer skills. What is the correct scheme to describe the design of this study?
A. | I | R | O0 | ... X ... | O1 |
II | R | O0 | ......... | O1 | |
B. | I | R | X ... | O1 | |
II | R | O1 | |||
C. | O0 | ... X ... | O1 | ||
D. | X ... | O1 | |||
B. Testing and experimental intervention
C.
O0 | ... X ... | O1 |
Leary discussed three categories of 'single-case experimal designs'. Which of the alternatives below does not belong in the list?
A. Group designs.
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