PCHP: Personality, Clinical & Health Psychology (IBP)
PCHP - Personality Clinical and Health psychology
Summary for Personality Clinical and Health psychology.
Practice questions with PCHP - Personality Clinical and Health psychology - 5th edition
What does abnormality mean? - Exam 1
1. Name the four D's of abnormality and explain what they mean.
2. What kind of theory of abnormality could the old Chinese theory of the life-air breath be labeled?
A biological theory
A supernatural theory
A psychosocial theory
3. Which term is described here? Behavior that is followed by positive consequences will be repeated more often than behavior that is followed by negative consequences.
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Learning through observation
Learning through punishment and rewarding
4. What does 'cultural relativism' mean?
That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.
That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.
Answers
Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness
Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.
Behavior and feelings that distress causeto the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.
Strongly deviant (deviant) behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.
Behaviors that are dangerous (dangerous) to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.
A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.
B. Operant conditioning
A
Which theories and treatments of abnormality exist? - Exam 2
1. Which approach to explaining psychological complaints is based on a person's convictions, life experience and relationships?
The biological approach
The psychological approach
The sociocultural approach
2. Which of the subcortical structures deals with memory?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
3. Which statement is correct?
Behaviors are taught the fastest with the help of a continuous reinforcement schedule
Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are the fastest to learn again
Only claim I is correct
Only claim II is correct
Both statements are correct
Both statements are incorrect
4. With which form of prevention is attempted to inhibit a disorder that is in a very early phase?
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
5. In general, lower levels of
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Crash Course - OCD & Anxiety Disorders
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
Crash Course - Psychological Disorders
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
Crash Course - Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
Crash Course - Trauma and Addiction
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
Crash Course - Eating and Body Dysmorphic Disorders
This might help you with studying for PCHP (IBP) or PKG (Psychologie)
Introduction to personality, clinical and health psychology
Chapter 1. What is abnormality?
- The study of abnormal psychology is the study of people who suffer from mental, emotional and often physical pain. This is often called psychopathology.
- Cultural relativism states that behavior can only be abnormal according to current cultural norms and not through universal standards.
- The distress-criterium states that behavior can be viewed as abnormal when a person experiences distress as a consequence of that behavior.
- Modern judgments of abnormality are not based on a single criteria, but are influenced by an interplay of the four D’s: dysfunction, distress, deviance and dangerousness.
- There are three types of theories that try to describe the causes of abnormal behavior: biological, supernatural and psychosocial theories.
- A psychological epidemic is a phenomenon in which a large number of people show abnormal behavior that seems to have a psychological cause.
- Franz Anton Mesmer developed mesmerism. This is a method based on animal magnetism. His treatments took patients into a state of trance that later would be called hypnosis.
- Classical conditioning refers to connecting a conditioned response to a stimulus that before caused another response. Operant conditioning states that behavior that is followed by positive consequences is more likely to be repeated than behavior that is followed by negative consequences.
Chapter 2. What are the theories of and treatments for abnormality?
- A theory is a set of ideas that offers a framework upon which questions can be asked about a certain phenomenon and upon which information can be gathered and interpreted about that phenomenon.
- A therapy is a treatment, often based on a theory about a disorder, that deals with the factors that according to that theory cause the disorder.
- There are several approaches for explaining psychological complaints: the biological, psychological and sociocultural approach. Besides these there is also the biopsychosocial approach, which acknowledges that a disorder often cannot be explained by only one approach and which combines the three approaches.
- Three possible biological causes of abnormality are brain dysfunction (damage to a part of the brain), biochemical imbalance (imbalance in the neurotransmitters) and genetic abnormality (abnormalities caused by genes, such as Down syndrome). Treatment of biological abnormality consists of medication or psychosurgery.
- Treatments in psychosocial approaches are based on conditioning, behavioral therapies and cognitive therapies, and sometimes psychotherapy.
- Psychoanalysis (by Freud) is a theory of personality and psychopathology. It is a method to investigate the mind as a form of treatment of psychopathology.
- According to Freud there are psychosexual phases through which each child has to go. These are the oral phase, the anal phase, the phallic phase, the latent phase and the genital phase.
- Primary prevention tries to combat disorders before they start.
Personal, Clinical and Health Psychology, Workgroup Notes 2018/2019
- Week 1
- Workgroup information
- Starting assignment
- The Anti-assignment, a recipe for disaster
- Week 2
- Workgroup Tips
- Assignment: Looking back on behaviour
- Assignment: how to record behaviour
- Week 3
- Workgroup Tips
- Assignment: change yourself (max. 750 words)
- Week 4
- Workgroup Tips
- Assignment: Motivate yourself
- Week 5
- Workgroup Tips
- Assignment: HELP, CRISIS!
- Week 6
- Workgroup Tips
- Assignment: The interview pt. 1
- Assignment: The interview pt. 2
- Information on Week 7 and 8
- GOOD LUCK ON THE EXAM!
Week 1
Workgroup information
Unconscious behaviour = automatisms.
95% of our behaviour. This is simply routine behaviour, which is context/stimulus-driven. This means that something in your surrounding simply activates this behaviour, such as coughing after inhaling smoke from a fire.
It is a result of conditioning or associations.
Conscious behaviour = planned behaviour 5% of our behaviour. It is the result of what we plan to do. It takes into account our assessment of our own abilities and what we think other people will think of our behaviour.
Antecedents are stimuli that precede behaviour. They are a signal to our brain to instigate (start) a certain behaviour. Antecedents can take the form of events, people, feelings, thoughts, etc.
There are three types of antecedents, beliefs, interpretations and self-convictions.
Starting assignment
- Describe one negative behaviour of your own that you’d like to work on (or should work on) over the next few weeks. It must be a behaviour that currently has a negative effect on your life or a behaviour that prevents a positive effect that you would actually like. The behaviour must also occur regularly (at least twice a week). Tip: If you can’t think of anything that would be good to change, you can ask someone else (who knows you well): perhaps he/she has noticed an area where you could / should change your behaviour.
- Formulate one sentence that expresses what you want to change: “I want to……..”. Your description of the behaviour should be measurable (state how often the behaviour may/must occur within a specific time period), active (describe what you will do, not what you will refrain from doing) and personal (describe what you are going to change, not what other people should do). Together, these three terms stand for MAP.
- Describe why changing this behaviour is important for you.
1.What is making you tackle it right now, at
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IBP - History of Psychology
On this page I collect all the summaries, practice exams and lecture notes for History of Psychology!
You can find the summary of Pioneers of Psychology - Fancher & Rutherford (5th edtition) here!
- Workgroup notes
- Practice exams
Useful video! SanneA contributed on 05-12-2019 16:23
Thank you! This is really helpful, I used it in my magazine about addiction and compulsions (https://www.worldsupporter.org/nl/magazine/69452-addictions-and-compulsions) :)
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