What does abnormality mean? - Exam 1

1. Name the four D's of abnormality and explain what they mean.

2. What kind of theory of abnormality could the old Chinese theory of the life-air breath be labeled?

1. A biological theory

2. A supernatural theory

3. A psychosocial theory

3. Which term is described here? Behavior that is followed by positive consequences will be repeated more often than behavior that is followed by negative consequences.

1. Classical conditioning

2. Operant conditioning

3. Learning through observation

4. Learning through punishment and rewarding

4. What does 'cultural relativism' mean?

1. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

2. That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.

Answers

1. Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness

• Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.

• Behavior and feelings that distress causeto the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.

• Strongly deviant (deviant) behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.

• Behaviors that are dangerous (dangerous) to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.

1. A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.

1. B. Operant conditioning

2. A

Which theories and treatments of abnormality exist? - Exam 2

1. Which approach to explaining psychological complaints is based on a person's convictions, life experience and relationships?

1. The biological approach

2. The psychological approach

3. The sociocultural approach

2. Which of the subcortical structures deals with memory?

1. Thalamus

2. Hypothalamus

3. Hippocampus

4. Amygdala

3. Which statement is correct?

1. Behaviors are taught the fastest with the help of a continuous reinforcement schedule

2. Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are the fastest to learn again

1. Only claim I is correct

2. Only claim II is correct

3. Both statements are correct

4. Both statements are incorrect

4. With which form of prevention is attempted to inhibit a disorder that is in a very early phase?

1. Primary prevention

2. Secondary prevention

3. Tertiary prevention

5. In general, lower levels of serotonin are associated with:

1. Dominant and rigid behavior

2. Fearful and aggressive behavior

6. Which neurotransmitter plays a role in aggressive impulses?

1. Serotonin

2. Dopamine

7. In which type of therapy are negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety identified and altered?

1. Cognitive therapy

2. Psychodynamic therapy

Answers

1. B. The psychological approach. For example, the biological approach assumes a genetic predisposition. The socio-cultural approach is based on cultural values ​​or social environment.

1. C. Hippocampus. The thalamus sends incoming information from the senses to the cerebrum. The hypothalamus regulates eating, drinking and sexual behavior. The Amygdala is critical for emotions such as fear.

1. A. Only claim I is correct. Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are very difficult to learn because the person is used to not being rewarded continuously. So less reward is needed to maintain the behavior.

1. B. Secondary prevention. Primary prevention attempts to change the circumstances so that the disorder does not arise at all. In the case of tertiary prevention, an attempt is made to limit the impact of an already existing disorder as much as possible.

2. B

3. A

4. A

How can you assess and diagnose abnormality? - Exam 3

1. What kind of validity is described here? Describes the extent to which a test measures the important aspects of the phenomenon to be investigated and omits the unimportant aspects.

1. Face validity

2. Content validity

3. Competitor validity

4. Construct validity

2. What form of reliability is described here? Using different forms of the test when they are tired again.

1. Test-retest reliability

2. Internal reliability

3. Interrater reliabilityvisualize

4. Alternate form reliability

3. In which brain imaging technique is a radioactive substance injected tothe brain?

1. Positron-emission tomography (PET)

2. Computerized tomography (CT)

3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

4. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

4. Which disorders are not on axis 1 in the DSM-V?

1. Depression and anxiety

2. Personality disorders and mental retardation

3. Autism spectrum disorders

4. Living environment

5. In 1980 the DSM-III came out. Since then, psychiatric diagnostics have progressed, especially in the areas of:

1. Reliability

2. Validity

6. What does a clinical assessment / assessment involve?

1. An assessment is giving a label to a number of symptoms that often occur together.

2. An assessment is the process of collecting symptoms and looking at what the causes may be.

7. What conditions must assessment techniques fulfill?

1. Assessment techniques must be efficient, reliable and valid.

2. Assessment techniques must be reliable, valid and standardized.

8. Which concept belongs to the following description: 'Using direct observations to determine someone's thoughts, feelings and behavior in certain situations'.

1. Personality Inventory

2. Behavior Assessment

9. A PET scan provides an image of the ....

1. Activity of the brain

2. Structure of the brain

10. What do psychophysiological tests involve?

1. With measurable changes in the nervous system that show emotional and psychological changes.

2. With the determination of certain neurological abnormalities, such as the presence of brain tumors.

11. Classification is ...

1. Making a certain diagnosis for an individual

2. Organizing problems of individuals in certain groups

12. Klaas is diagnosed with a Major Depressive Disorder and a Post Traumatic Disorder. The presence of two or more disorders at Klaas is mentioned at the same time.

1. Comorbidity

2. Multiple syndrome

13. What is an advantage of self-observation?

1. That behavior can be tracked and registered at more times.

2. The influence of the presence of another person will lapse. This is called reactivity.

14. Why are projective tests not often used by clinicians other than psychodynamic therapists?

1. It takes a lot of time to take these tests.

2. The reliability and validity of these tests are not high

15. What is an example of a projective technique?

1. The thematic apperception test

2. Observing someone in a conflict

Answers

1. B. Content validity

1. D. Alternate form reliability

1. A. Positron-emission tomography (PET). It is also still done at Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), this is a less expensive technique, but also less accurate.

1. D. Living environment

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. A

8. B

9. A

10. B

11. B

12. A

Which anxiety disorders exist? - Exam 4

1. What is not one of the four symptoms required for a diagnosis of PTSD?

1. Reliving the traumatic experience

2. Depression

3. Emotional anesthesia

4. Hyper vigilance

2. Name five possible symptoms that occur during a panic attack.

3. What is the difference between treatment of panic disorder on the basis of medication, compared to treatment by cognitive behavioral therapy?

1. Treatment with medicines works better in the short term than cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long termworse in the

2. Drug treatment worksshort term than cognitive behavioral therapy, but better in the long term

3. Drug treatment works in the short term as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long term

4. Drug treatment works just as well in the short term as cognitive behavioral therapy, but better in the long term

4. With which other disorder is a social phobia rare?

1. Behavioral disorder

2. Mood

3. disorder Anxiety disorder

4. Avoiding personality disorder

5. Benzodiazepines ...

1. are effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder, but are not effective in treating panic attacks.

2. Are effective in treating panic attacks as long as the use is continued. ...

6. The frequency of panic attacks is reduced by antidepressants:

1. In more than half of patients with panic disorder.

2. In patients who have a panic disorder, and also suffer from depression.

7. The four symptom criteria of the DSM-V diagnosis post-traumatic stress disorder are:

1. Repetitions; Avoidance; Negative changes in thoughts and state of mind; Increased arousal.

2. Impulsivity; Suicidal thoughts; Addiction behavior; Fear

8. In patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and in depressed patients who have been maltreated in childhood, structural brain abnormalities can be seen. One of those characteristics is that the hippocampus: The

1. average is larger, which could have to do with the fact that the hippocampus has to 'work overtime' to keep the amygdala response in check.

2. On average, it is smaller, which could be related to the toxic effects of chronically elevated cortisol levels.

9. A panic attack is relatively rare according to the DSM-V. Is this correct or not?

1. True, about 1% of the population ever live in their lives.

2. This is not true, about 28% of the population ever makes a panic attack.

10. Adriaan regularly has blaspheming thoughts and then says exactly fifteen times a vow to make this 'good'. He is finally working on it for hours a day. These vowels are an example of:

1. Illusion

2. Compulsion

11. Antidepressants, especially antidepressants that affect the neurotransmitter serotonin:

1. Aggravate Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2. Have a modest positive effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder.

12. An anxiety disorder that occurs proportionally more often in women than in men is:

1. OCD

2. Panic Disorder

13. In people with depression there is a chronic hyperactivity in the HPA axis. This leads to damage to the ...

1. Amygdala

2. Hippocampus

14. What is agoraphobia?

1. Agoraphobia is a specific phobia, namely the fear of spiders.

2. Agoraphobia is the fear and avoidance of situations or public places that are seen as unsafe.

15. In people with post-traumatic stress disorder ...

1. Reacts the amygdala more violently to emotional stimuli and the medial prefrontal cortex is less active.

2. Reacts the amygdala more violently to emotional stimuli and is the medial prefrontal cortex more active

16. In which part of the nervous system does the CRF hormone belong?

1. In the parasympathetic nervous system

2. In the sympathetic nervous system

17. Comorbidity (appearance of two or more disorders in an individual) also occurs in anxiety disorders. With which other disorder are anxiety disorders the most comorbid?

1. Depression

2. Bipolar disorder

18. In cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders, clients are often exposed in small steps to situations they are afraid of. How is this technique called?

1. Systematic desensitization

2. Gradual habituation

19. At Hoarding ...

1. people have an obsession with buying, also called 'passion for buying'.

2. People have trouble throwing away their belongings, regardless of value.

20. The fight-flight response is a reaction from the ....

1. Adrenal cortical system

2. Both the adrenal cortical system and the autonomic nervous system

21. Which area in the brain is most associated with anxiety?

1. The basal ganglia

2. The limbic system

22. What are obsessions?

1. Obsessions are thoughts, images or ideas that are persistent and uncontrollable, and that often cause anxiety or stress.

2. Obsessions are repeated actions that a person must carry out.

23. About what fear can be spoken in a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

1. The fear often concerns a specific, large life change.

2. The fear is often focused on many different, small daily events.

Answers

1. B. Depression

1. Possible symptoms are:

• Palpitations

• Sweating

• Vibrating

• Shortness of breath or a feeling of suffocation

• Pain or pressure on the chest

• Nausea or abdominal pain

• Dizziness,

• lightheaded Derealisation or depersonalization

• Fear of losing control or going crazy

• Fear of dying

• Cold chills or hot flushes

• A stinging or burning sensation on the skin

1. C. Drug treatment works in the short term as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long term. When you stop taking the medication, the symptoms often return. Cognitive behavioral therapy is much better in preventing a relapse.

1. A. Behavioral disorder

2. B

3. A

4. A

5. B

6. B

7. B

8. B

9. B

10. B

11. B

12. A

13. B

14. A

15. A

16. B

17. B

18. B

19. A

20. B

Which somatic symptom disturbances and dissociative disorders do exist? - Exam 5

Question 1

What is the difference between somatic symptom disorders and psychosomatic disorders?

1. Both terms describe the same phenomenon

2. People with somatic symptom disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological state. People with psychosomatic disorders do not have diseases with a physical cause

3. People with psychosomatic disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological condition. People with somatic symptomdo not have diseases with a physical cause

Question 2

disturbancesWhich of the following disorders is not a somatic symptom disorder?

1. Conversion

2. disorder Illness anxiety disorder

3. Factitious disorderdisorder

4. A dissociative identity

Question 3

If someone loses the feeling for the reality of the external world, there is talk of ..

1. Dissociation

2. Derealisation

Question 4

Marieke has recently experienced a traumatic car accident. As a result, she can suddenly no longer move her right arm. What kind of disorder does Marieke suffer from?

1. Pain Disorder

2. Functional Neurological Disorder

Question 5

Someone deliberately acts as if he or she has a disease to receive medical attention. This person spoke of ...

1. A factitious disorder

2. malingering

Question 6

Which form (s) of amnesia is often caused by a psychological event?

1. Retrograde amnesia

2. Both anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Question 7

What disorder is there when someone feels that he or she is disconnected from his or her thoughts and body?

1. A dissociative fugue

2. A depersonalization disorder

Question 8

In which disorder do there exist 100 personalities or fragments of personalities side by side in one body and mind?

1. Depersonalization DisorderDisorder

2. Dissociative Identity

Question 9

In which kind of amnesia is an individual unable to remember important personal information?

1. Organic, retrograde amnesia

2. Dissociative amnesia

Question 10

Consider the following statement: Antidepressants can have a positive effect on the treatment of a dissociative identity disorder. Is this statement true or not true?

1. This statement is true

2. This statement is not true

Question 11

What shows that people with a dissociative identity disorder use dissociation to relax reality?

1. From the fact that they are easy to hypnotize

2. From the fact that they can stay hypnotized for a long time once they are hypnotized.

Question 12

What is derealisation?

1. A relapse in the process of behavioral change. is.

2. The feeling that everything around you 'is not real'

Question 13

Dissociation is a rather rare phenomenon.

1. False, dissociation is a normal phenomenon and often occurs with fatigue or stress.

2. True, only 2 - 3% of the population ever participate.

Answers

Question 1

C. People with psychosomatic disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological state. People with somatic symptom disorders do not have diseases with a physical cause.

Question 2

D: a dissociative identity disorder. This disorder is part of the dissociative disorders.

Question 3

B. Derealisation

Question 4

B. Functional Neurological Disorder

Question 5

A. A factitious disorder

Question 6

A. Retrograde amnesia

Question 7

B. Depersonalization disorder

Question 8

B. Dissociative identity disorder

Question 9

B. Dissociative amnesia

Question 10

A. This statement is where

Question 11

A. From the fact that they are easy to hypnotize

Question 12

B. The feeling that everything around you 'not really'

Question 13

A. Not true, dissociation is a normal phenomenon and often occurs in case of fatigue or stress.

What is the relationship between mood disorders and suicide? - Exam 6

1. Name at least three symptoms of depression

2. Which statement is true?

1. Depression is most prevalent among young adults

2. As people get older, the chance of depression only gets smaller

1. Only thesis I is true

2. Only thesis II is where

3. Both theses are true

4. Both propositions are false

3. Which statement is true?

1. There is no evidence for a genetic background in bipolar disorder

2. People with unipolar disorder are no more likely to develop bipolar disorder than people without unipolar disorder

1. Only thesis I is true

2. Only thesis II is true

3. Both statements are true

4. Both statements are false

4 What theory about depression is described here? Stress in a person's life leads to depression because there are less positive reinforcers due to the stress. The person thereby withdraws, resulting in even less positive reinforcers, after which a vicious circle arises.

1. The theory of learned helplessness

2. Cognitive theory of depression

3. The reformulated learned helplessness theory

4. The behavioral theory of depression

5. A 60-year-old man has had a gloomy mood and energy loss for four months. He often woke up at four o'clock in the morning and could not sleep because of the worry. He also had concentration problems and a greatly reduced appetite. These symptoms arose shortly after his employer had dismissed him. He felt in the beginning unable to look for new work. At the end of the fourth month, his complaints improved to some extent during a short holiday in France. Three weeks later he found work again, and again three weeks later he feels reasonably old again. The conclusion one can draw is:

1. This man had no psychiatric diagnosis.

2. This man suffered from depression.

6. Genetic factors playthe development and course of bipolar disorders ...:

1. a role inA smaller role compared to unipolar mood disorders.

2. A bigger role compared to unipolar mood disorders

7. Compared with antidepressants, cognitive behavioral therapy has an advantage for depression:

1. after stopping the treatment, there is more relapse in antidepressants than in cognitive behavioral therapy.

2. Antidepressants work much more slowly than cognitive behavioral therapy

. Treatment of depression has shown that:

1. Approximately 75% of patients who have had depression have to experience a depressive period later in life.

2. Approximately 40% of patients who have recovered from depression will regain depression within one to two years.

9. Anhedonia is an important symptom of a ...

1. Anxiety Disorder

2. Depression

10. In people with bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of mania are relatively mild. How is this called?

1. Hypomania

2. Hypermanie

11. In the case of a persistent depressive disorder, the symptoms last at least ... .. years.

1. One

2. Two

12. Consider the following statement: people with bipolar I disorder, face manic episodes with hypomanic episodes.

1. This statement is correct

2. This statement is incorrect

13. Consider the following statement: suicide is more common in women. This has to do with the fact that women more often have depression than men.

1. This statement is correct

2. This statement is incorrect.

14. What is a cyclothymic disorder?

1. A cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that is milder but longer than a bipolar disorder.

2. A cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that is milder but longer lasting than a major depressive disorder.

15. Which form of therapy is designed specifically for the treatment of bipolar disorder?

1. Interpersonal therapy

2. Family Focused Therapy

16. If a person experiences depression with a collection of different symptoms, the following diagnosis can be made:

1. Atypical depression

2. Depression with mixed characteristics

Answers

Question 1

Possible symptoms are:

• Little eating or overeating

• Insomnia or sleeping too much

• Little energy or fatigue

• Low self-esteem

• Bad concentration and difficulty making decisions

• Feelings of hopelessness

Question 2

A. Only statement I is true. Depression is most common in young adults, after which the risk of depression decreases. But above the age of 85 there is again an increase in the chance of depression.

Question 3

B. Only statement II is true. There is evidence for a genetic background in bipolar disorder: in family members of the first degree the probability is two to three times that they also get the disorder.

Question 4

D. The behavioral theory of depression

Question 5

B. This man suffered from depression.

Question 6

B. A greater role compared to unipolar mood disorders

Question 7

A. After stopping treatment there is more relapse in antidepressants than in cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 8

A. About 75% of patients who have had depression, later in life has to deal with a depressive period.

Question 9

B. Depression

Question 10

A. Hypomania

Question 11

B. Two

Question 12

B. This statement is incorrect

Question 13

B. This statement is incorrect

Question 14

A. A cyclothymic disorder is a disorder that is milder but longer than a bipolar disorder .

Question 15

B. Family Focused Therapy

Question 16

A. Atypical depression

What does the schizophrenic spectrum and related psychotic disorders look like? - Exam 7

Question 1

What is the difference between the diagnoses for schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia?

Question 2

Which of the following symptoms is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

1. Delusions

2. Hallucinations

3. Anhedonia

4. Unorganized speech and thoughts

Question 3

What percentage of people with schizophrenia cures partially or completely?

1. 0-10%

2. 10-20%

3. 20-30%

4. 30-40%

Question 4

What percentage of people with schizophrenia commits suicide?

1. 5-10%

2. 10-15%

3. 15-20%

4. 20-25%

Question 5

Men generally have a better disease course of schizophrenia than women. Is this statement correct or incorrect?

1. This statement is correct

2. This statement is incorrect

Question 6

People with schizophrenia often have ... .. ventricles and a ... .. prefrontal cortex

1. Smaller; smaller

2. Greater; smaller

Question 7

Someone has the idea that he is constantly being chased, and sees people who are not really there. This person suffers from:

1. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

2. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 8

What is not an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

1. Tangled speech

2. Smoothed affect

Question 9

What does a letter psychotic disorder mean?

1. A person gets this diagnosis if the symptoms of schizophrenia only last one day to a month.

2. Someone gets this diagnosis if the symptoms of schizophrenia last at least one week, but no longer than a month.

Question 10

If a person has a mix of symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder, the diagnosis is ............. Given.

1. Schizoaffective disorder

2. Schizophreniform disorder

Question 11

In which disorder is there a prodromal, active and residual phase?

1. Schizophrenia

2. Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 12

In schizophrenia, a dopaminein the limbic system probably causes

1. positive symptoms

2. surplusBoth positive and negative symptoms

Question 13

What is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

1. The approach behavior that people with schizophrenia often exhibit

2. Unorganized speech

Question 14

What are hallucinations?

1. Ideas that the patient thinks are true, while those ideas are very unlikely or even impossible.

2. Someone has hallucinations when he perceives things that are not actually there.

Question 15

What is the greatest benefit of atypical antipsychotics to the older forms of antipsychotics?

1. Atypical psychotics have almost no side effects.

2. Atypical psychotics also have an effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 16

'Wickedness' is:

1. A symptom

2. A syndrome

Question 17

The prevalence of schizophrenia is somewhat higher among city dwellers than among people living in rural areas. This is probably because ....

1. People who live in the city experience more stress

2. People who live in the city are more susceptible to infectious diseases, which can infect pregnant women.

Question 18

A psychologist assesses 18-year-old Tom and doubts whether he has had a psychosis. Some answers seem to indicate this, but Tom indicates that he does not want to talk about it. What can the psychologist do best to get more certainty about whether there has been a psychosis (given that Tom gives permission for this)?

1. Making an MRI scan

2. Interviewing family members or friends

Question 19

People who suffer from psychoses and also have characteristics of schizophrenia and of a mood disorder classify in the category:

1. Schizoaffective disorder.

2. Cyclothyme disorder.

Question 20

Which areas in the cortex often function less in patients with schizophrenia?

1. The frontal and temporal areas of the cortex.

2. The occipital and parietal areas of the cortex.

Question 21

As a child of a single parent with schizophrenia, whose symptoms with medication are well controlled, you run on average as much risk of developing schizophrenia as other children from single parent families.

1. Incorrect, the risk is in the first case about 10x higher than in the second case.

2. Precisely, the risk is about 1% in both cases.

Answers

Question 1

The diagnosis of mood disorder with psychotic characteristics is made when the positive symptoms only occur during a manic or depressive period. If the symptoms occur outside those periods, the diagnosis schizophrenia is made.

Question 2

C. Anhedonia, this is the loss of interest in everything of life. Negative symptoms mean that someone no longer has normal behaviors or skills, instead of performing extra, abnormal behaviors.

Question 3

C. 20-30% cure partially or completely.

Question 4

B. 10-15% commits suicide.

Question 5

B. This statement is incorrect

Question 6

B. Larger; smaller

Question 7

B. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 8

A. Confused speech

Question 9

A. A person gets this diagnosis if the symptoms of schizophrenia only last one day to a month

Question 10

A. Schizoaffective disorder

Question 11

A. Schizophrenia

Question 12

A. Positive symptoms

Question 13

A. The approach behavior of people with schizophrenia often

Question 14

B. Someone has hallucinations when he perceives things that are not there.

Question 15

B. Atypical psychotics also have an effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 16

A. A symptom

Question 17

B. People who live in the city are more susceptible to infectious diseases, which can infect pregnant women.

Question 18

B. Interviewing family members or friends

Question 19

A. Schizoaffective disorder.

Question 20

A. The frontal and temporal areas of the cortex.

Question 21

A. Incorrect, in the first case the risk is about 10x higher than in the second case.

Which personality disorders exist? - Exam 8

Question 1

In which cluster personality disorders do the following symptoms occur? People with one of these disorders are manipulative, volatile, unconcerned in social relationships and prone to impulsive behavior.

1. Cluster A: paranoid and schizotypic personality disorder

2. Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder

3. Cluster C: dependent, avoidance and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 2

What is not a characteristic of the schizoid personality disorder?

1. Paranoia

2. Ideas of reference

3. Aggression

4. Magical thinking

Question 3

Which statement is true?

1. Probably there are more personality disorders than there are in the DSM.

2. The symptoms of personality disorders are stable traits.

1. Only proposition I is true

2. Only theorem II is where

3. Both propositions are where

4. Both propositions are false

Question 4

What is the difference between avoidant personality disorder and social phobia?

Question 5

A woman knows time and time again to wind her finger with fantastic stories about how sincere and straightforward she is. When it comes down to it, however, she lets everyone fall like a brick and goes for her own interest. When confronted with the consequences of her actions, she does not give up. She does not feel sorry - they should not have been so silly, own fault!

What female personality disorder does this woman have characteristics?

1. Antisocial personality disorder

2. Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 6

Which personality disorder does not fall under cluster B?

1. The paranid personality disorder

2. The antisocial personality disorder

Question 7

Anna has no need to enter into social relationships with other people. Nor does she express any kind of emotions when she talks to someone else. What kind of personality disorder does Anna have?

1. A schizotypical personality disorder

2. A schizoid personality disorder

Question 8

Consider the following statement: '75% of people with borderline do a suicide attempt '.

1. This statement is incorrect

2. This statement is correct

Question 9

About which disorder is the following: 'It seems as if Mark always plays. He feels uncomfortable when he is not in the center of attention, he often tries to seduce others, and he uses his appearance for attention. '

1. A histrionic personality disorder

2. A narcissistic personality disorder

Question 10

In which cluster does the schizotypic personality disorder belong?

1. Cluster C

2. Cluster A

Question 11

What is the difference between obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

1. In an obsessive-compulsive disorder it is more a general way of dealing with the world.

2. In people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is more about specific thoughts, images, ideas or behavior.

Question 12

Which disorder is characterized by distrust and suspicion towards others, whereby their motives are interpreted as malicious?

1. Paranoid personality disorder

2. Histrionic personality disorder

Question 13

Ruth is always afraid of dealing with other people because she is afraid that others will judge her. She is sure that other people find her stupid and ugly. She lives alone and does not want to date with men, because she is sure that men find her ugly and drowsy, and would reject her. What kind of personality disorder does Ruth have?

1. An avoidant personality disorder

2. A dependent personality disorder

Question 14

The DSM-V uses a hybrid model. What's the meaning of this?

1. That the DSM-V combines a categorical with a dimensional approach.

2. That the DSM-V has switched to a dimensional approach to DSM-IV.

Question 15

What disorder is involved in the following: 'Think that he / she deserves special treatment, exploit others, great sense of self-importance, often envy others and think that others are jealous of him and ask for excessive admiration

1. "atheatrical personality

2. a narcissistic personality

Answers

Question 1

B. B. cluster a cluster of people have characteristics of schizophrenia, in cluster C people have low self-esteem and difficulty with social relationships.

Question 2

C. Aggression is not a characteristic of schizoid personality disorder

Question 3

D. Both propositions are false. Because there is a lot of overlap between the personality disorders, there are probably fewer disorders than there are in the DSM. The symptoms of personality disorders are indicated in DSM as if they were stable traits, but in reality the symptoms vary over time.

Question 4

The difference between this disorder and social phobia is that people with social phobia are usually afraid of specific situations, while people with an avoidant personality disorder are afraid of people in general.

Question 5

A. Antisocial personality disorder

Question 6

A. The paranid personality disorder

Question 7

B. A schizoid personality disorder

Question 8

B. This statement is correct

Question 9

A. A histrionic personality disorder

Question 10

B. Cluster A

Question 11

B. In people with obsessive behavior Compulsive disorder is more about specific thoughts, images, ideas or behavior.

Question 12

A. Paranoid personality disorder

Question 13

A. An avoidant personality disorder

Question 14

A. That the DSM-V combines a categorical with a dimensional approach.

Question 15

B. A narcissistic personality

Which eating disorders exist? - Exam 9

Question 1

What is the difference between the binge / purge type of anorexia and bulimia?

1. People with the binge / purge type of anorexia also meet the other criteria for anorexia, while people with bulimia do not meet these criteria.

2. People with bulimia commit suicide 7.5 times as often.

3. People with the binge / purge type of anorexia report less often than people with bulimia.

4. People with the binge / purge type of anorexia do not have a healthy weight, while people with bulimia have a healthy weight or overweight.

Question 2

Which statement is true?

1. The eating disorder obesity is not included in the DSM-V.

2. There is obesity with a BMI of 35 or higher.

1. Only statement I is true

2. Only statement II is where

3. Both statements are true

4. Both statements are false

Question 3

Which form of therapy works best for bulimia nervosa?

1. Behavioral therapy.

2. Cognitive behavioral therapy.

3. Interpersonal therapy.

4. Supportive-expressive therapy.

Answers

Question 1

D. People with the binge / purge type of anorexia do not have a healthy weight, while people with bulimia have a healthy weight or overweight.

Question 2

A. Only statement I is correct. The eating disorder obesity is not included in the DSM-V, but it is a major risk for a person's health. There is obesity with a BMI of 30 or higher.

Question 3

B. Cognitive behavioral therapy works best with bulimia nervosa, because it addresses both the thoughts and the behavior.

What does health psychology mean? - Exam 10

Question 1

Which statement is correct?

1. Psychological disorders often occur together with medical problems because disorder and illness have a shared medical cause.

2. Psychological disorders often occur together with medical problems, because psychological problems contribute to the development of medical problems.

1. Only statement I is correct

2. Only statement II is correct

3. Both statements are correct

4. Both statements are incorrect

Question 2

What is true?

1. Men more often have a type A personality than women

2. People who already have high blood pressure show a lesser increase in blood pressure when they experience a stressor than people who do not have high blood pressure.

3. Both depression and CHD are linked to a problem with the dopamine system.

4. All of the above is true.

Question 3

At what stage of sleep are the slowest waves visible on the EEG?

1. REM sleep

2. Phase 1

3. Phase 2

4. Phase 3 and 4

Question 4

Someone who strives for honor and who is impatient, competitive and hostile has a ...

1. Histrionic personality disorder

2. Type A personality

Answers

Question 1

C. Both statements are correct. In addition, medical problems can also contribute to the development of psychological problems.

Question 2

A. Men more often have a type A personality than women. People who already have high blood pressure also have a greater increase in blood pressure when they experience a stressor. Depression and CHD are linked to a problem with the serotonin system, not the dopamine system.

Question 3

D. Phase 3 and 4 are characterized by Delta waves, of only 1 or 2 Hertz.

Question 4

B. Type A personality

What influence does behavior have on health? - Exam 17

Question 1

Which statement is incorrect?

1. When someone has an internal locus of control, he will have more good health habits

2. Access to health care has a positive influence on the development of good health

3. behaviors Higher educated people often have better health habits

4. None of the above statements are incorrect

Question 2

Which statement about attitude change is correct?

1. It is best not to include too many statistics in the message

2. Strong arguments are best communicated in the middle of the message

3. Messages are best to leave the drawing of the conclusions to the people themselves

4. The more extreme a message, the stronger the effect on the attitude change

Question 3

Which statement is correct?

1. In general, prevention-oriented messages are best used to implement behavioral change, while promotional-oriented messages work best to maintain change.

2. People with a promotional focus are more sensitive to messages that are framed as benefits, while people with a prevention focus are more sensitive to the stressed risks.

1. Only statement I is correct

2. Only proposition II is correct

3. Both propositions are correct

4. Both propositions are incorrect

Question 4

Name the five stages of the trans-theoretical model of behavioral change.

Question 5

According to the health belief model, people with a high degree of ...... are able to maintain certain healthy behaviors.

1. Self-awareness Self-

2. employment

Answers

Question 1

D. None of the statements is incorrect

Question 2

A. It is best not to process too many statistics in the message. Strong arguments can best be communicated at the beginning or end of the message, it is important to make the conclusions explicitly clear and how extreme a message is but to a certain extent has a positive effect on the attitude change.

Question 3

B. Only statement II is correct. Promotion-oriented messages work best for starting behavioral change, while prevention-oriented messages work best to maintain change.

Question 4

1. Precontemplation, 2. Contemplation, 3. Preparation, 4. Action, 5. Maintenance

Question 5

B. Self-employment

How can you improve health with behavior? - Exam 18

Question 1

Which statement is correct?

1. The number of accidents at home is decreasing, but the number of accidents at work has actually increased.

2. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the prevention of traffic accidents through psychological interventions.

1. Only statement I is correct

2. Only statement II is correct

3. Both statements are correct

4. Both statements are incorrect

Question 2

What percentage of women in the risk group can actually be screened every year for breast cancer?

1. 16%

2. 27%

3. 48%

4. 59%

Question 3

Which body shape poses the most health risks?

1. Apple shape (especially fat accumulation on the belly)shape (especially fat

2. Pearaccumulation on the hips, buttocks and thighs)

3. Both body forms bring as much risk

Question 4

The control of overweight has a great chance of success when advising:

1. A long-term goal (final goal, for example writing a book).

2. Set a number of short-term goals (for example, writing 1 page every day)

Answers

Question 1

D. Both statements are incorrect. The number of accidents at home has actually increased, especially among the elderly, while the number of accidents at work has decreased. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the prevention of traffic accidents, but this was due to the adaptation of traffic rules. Psychological interventions to make people stick to these traffic rules are missing.

Question 2

B. 27%. Of these women who receive a recommendation, 59% occasionally (every two years) screen, and only 27% every year.

Question 3

A. Apple shape. Abdominal fat increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and the reduction of cognitive functions.

Question 4

B. Set a number of short-term goals (for example, writing 1 page every day)

What is the behavior of health deteriorating? - Exam 19

Question 1

Which statement is correct?

1. An alcoholic person always suffers from withdrawal symptoms when he stops drinking

2. A problem drinker is not bothered by withdrawal symptoms and does not have to have any other medical problems, but there are always social problems.

1. Only statement I is correct

2. Only statement II is correct

3. Both propositions are correct

4. Both statements are incorrect

Question 2

Which statement is correct?

1. Alcoholics and problem drinkers will never be able to learn to drink in moderation, the best is if they do not drink alcohol at all.

2. Drinking in moderation can have a positive effect on health, for example on cardiovascular diseases.

1. Only statement I is correct

2. Only statement II is correct

3. Both statements are correct

4. Both statements are incorrect

Question 3

What is not a factor that distinguishes a light smoker from a heavy smoker?

1. Light smokers attach more importance to academic success

2. Light smokers often have supportive home situations

3. Light smokers often have fewer people around them who smoke

4. Light smokers have a better idea of ​​how unhealthy smoking is

Question 4

What is meant by behavioral inoculation?

Question 5

Someone with a positive self-esteem:

1. Avoids assessment situations

2. Aiming at other issues sooner after a failure

Answers

Question 1

A. Only statement I is correct. With problem drinkers, there is indeed no question of physical addiction, but of social, medical and psychological problems.

Question 2

B. Only statement II is correct. Alcoholics and problem drinkers who are still young, have a job and receive a lot of social support can learn to drink in moderation, assuming they have not been drinking for too long. This has the advantage that it is a more realistic form of drinking behavior than total abstinence.

Question 3

D. This is precisely a characteristic that they share with heavy smokers: light smokers have the same attitudes and health beliefs about smoking as heavy smokers.

Question 4

Behavioral inoculation means that someone will hear a weak version of an argument, so that he can come up with counter-arguments against it. This makes him stronger in his shoes when he hears a stronger version of that argument.

Question 5

B. Addresses other issues sooner after a failure