Pioneers of Psychology - Fancher & Rutherford - 5e edition
English summary per chapter
Why does one study history of psychology? – Chapter 0
Studying history offers the opportunity to take a step outside the internal mechanisms of the discipline of psychology. This
........Read moreFoundational ideas from the Antiquity - Chapter 1
The sensing and perceptive spirit: which developments took place in this area in the period between Kant and the Gestalt psychologists? - Chapter 4
How did Wundt develop experimental psychology? - Chapter 5
The German Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) developed a "Thought-meter" to test the assumed assumption that, when two
........Read moreThe evolving mind: what psychological developments did Darwin bring? - Chapter 6
American pioneers: what are the thoughts of James, Hall, Calkins and Thorndike? - Chapter 8
Psychology as behavioural science: how is this area affected by Pavlov, Watson and Skinner? - Chapter 9
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) was interested in the congenital and reflexive saliva reactions in dogs, which he
........Read moreThe mind in conflict: what does Freud's psychoanalysis mean? - Chapter 11
How did psychoanalysis arise?
Joseph Breuer and Bertha Pappenheim came up with the "cathartic method" as treatment. In that method. Breuer hypnotized Breuer Pappenheim and asked her to go back to the first times she had experienced a specific physical sensation (such as her symptoms). Hypnotizing made it easier to reach forgotten memories (but only high emotion memories, associated with symptoms). By
........Read morePersonality psychology: what are the thoughts of Allport and Maslow? - Chapter 12
What does cognitive psychology entail? - Chapter 14
What does the applied psychology mean? - Chapter 15
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) was known for his articles about how psychological knowledge could
........Read moreWhat does clinical psychology mean? - Chapter 16
Geschiedenis van de psychologie: Samenvattingen, uittreksels, aantekeningen en oefenvragen - RUG
Pioneers of Psychology Bundle - Fancher & Rutherford - 5e druk English summary
Pioneers of Psychology - Fancher & Rutherford - 5e edition
English summary per chapter
Oefenmateriaal Geschiedenis van de Psychologie - RUG - Psychologie jaar 1
Tentamens te gebruiken bij het vak Geschiedenis van de Psychologie aan de Rijksuniversiteit van Groningen.
Lecture notes for History and application of psychology at the University of Groningen - 2015/2016
Lecture 1: Introduction to the History of Psychology
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was not a psychologist, but rather a naturalist or biologist. He is fundamental for introducing a new way of looking at nature and human beings. He revolutionised our perspectives on the world, introducing a naturalistic way of looking at the natural world. There were no miracles - everything, humans included, had a natural cause. Thus, the mind and behaviour should be explainable by natural causes. In Darwin's day, this was rather controversial, and it made atheism a valid belief.
Darwin was fascinated with variation and extinction within species. He studied fossils and eventually came up with the theory of evolution and natural selection. This was opposed by religious people. For one, Darwin's theories went against what was written in the Bible. However, there were also many philosophical arguments.
The Religious View
William Paley's Argument from Design is one of the most well-known of these arguments. It goes like this: Suppose you don't know what a clock is, and you wonder to yourself, where does it come from? You open it up and realise that all of the parts of the clock are perfectly designed for the purpose of telling time. This perfection shows that the clock has been designed, and the same goes for the perfection within plants and animals. According to Paley's theory, plants and animals must have come from an intelligent designer, or God. As it turns out, though, the organs of many species are not very well designed. They have flaws that would not have resulted from being constructed from scratch.
Another argument for the religious argument is that the world was actually rather young. James Usher calculated the age of the Earth back to 4004 BC, based on the genealogy of Jesus Christ. This theory opposed Darwin's evolutionary theory because evolution takes time. The proposed age of the Earth was not long enough to support Darwin's theory.
However, more and more evidence against the religious view came to light, including fossils and variation, and naturalistic theories were become more popular.
The Naturalistic View
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck theorised that individuals of a species acquire characteristics over life. For example, giraffes have very long necks. This could have occurred due to the giraffes reaching for food, stretching its neck. According to Lamarck's theory, the offspring's neck would be a little bit longer, and the pattern would continue. Unfortunately, there are many physical characteristics that do not.....read more
Samenvattingen en studiehulp voor Psychologie Bachelor 1 aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
- In deze bundel worden o.a. samenvattingen, oefententamens en collegeaantekeningen gedeeld voor de opleiding Psychologie, jaar 1, aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
- Voor Engelstalige samenvattingen & studiehulp ga je naar Summaries and study services for Psychology Bachelor 1 at the University of Groningen.
- Voor een compleet overzicht van de door JoHo aangeboden samenvattingen & studiehulp en de beschikbare geprinte samenvattingen voor dit studiejaar ga je naar Psychology: Groningen - Bachelor RUG - Summaries and study assistance
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How to navigate Emy contributed on 17-12-2018 11:07
This bundle has collected all the summaries of every chapter of hte book pioneers of psychology. Click the links to the chapters to navigate
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