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Raymond Corsini describes how a prisoner’s life changed when he was told that he had a high IQ. Why does Dr. Corsini consider this psychotherapy?
Although Sigmund Freud is generally called the “father of psychotherapy,” describe the contributions of his key predecessors and contemporaries.
Imagine that you are a beginning psychotherapist. Describe how you would utilize advances in neurosciences to inform your treatment approach.
Many attempts have been made historically to categorize or classify mental illnesses. Discuss the evolution of these attempts from beginning to current.
Yalom suggested that, much like cooking, it is the ________ that often make all the difference in psychotherapy.
"throw-ins"
technique
content
process
The ________ tradition suggested that only a psychological approach could provide an understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
psychiker
psychoanalytic
behavioral
somatiker
Paul Meehl called job stresses, financial concerns, troubled children, angry spouses or in-laws, difficult colleagues etc.:
stressors
real-life
context-dependent stochastologicals
hassles
The expression of certain genes that results from their activation by specific but common environmental events is referred to as:
heuristics
macrogenetics
evolution
epigenetics
Hippocrates considered the ________ to be the seat of knowledge and learning.
soul
brain
uterus
liver
The key to resolving the long-standing conflict between the organicists and psychodynamicists, according to the authors, is:
compromise
eclectisim
integration
confrontation
The notion that transference occurs on an unconscious level can be traced to the contributions of:
Freud
Carus
Schopenhauer
Jung
The study of the unconscious is commonly thought to have started with the study of the subliminal perceptions in daily life conducted by:
Leibniz
Fechner
Freud
Jung
The primary obstacle to developing a science of psychotherapy is:
the complex and changing context of our patients' daily lives
the sheer number of potent client and personological variables that must be considered
the emergence of managed care
lack of objective criteria to evaluate validity
Long before Freud, ________ argued that we are driven by blind, irrational forces of which we are largely unaware and that we know things that we are unaware that we know.
Jung
Brucke
Schopenhauer
A
A
C
D
B
C
B
A
B
D
The cornerstone concept of psychoanalysis, ________, reflects the deep patterning of old experiences in relationships as they emerge in current life.
free association
dream analysis
resistance
transference
Free Association is utilized in psychoanalysis because:
manualized approaches to therapy routinely invoke it
ethical guidelines require the use of this technique
it fosters the development of postconventional (worldcentric) moral maturity
powerful aspects of the patient's inner life has been operating without his full awareness
The two basic elements of cure in psychodynamic treatments are:
insight and catharsis
the therapeutic relationship and exploratory work
transference and "working through"
symptom substitution and catharsis
The ________ orients the individual toward the external world and serves as a mediator between one's external and internal worlds.
resistance
ego
superego
id
The ________ of the dream is the overt dream story, and the ________ consists of its underlying meanings.
manifest content; latent content
latent content; manifest content
meaning; symbolism
script; interpretation
The essence of transference neurosis is that the patient:
gradually begins to understand the meaning of her symptoms.
integrates the insights provided by the analyst.
replays her core relationship problems in the analysis.
regresses to an earlier psychosexual stage.
________ is credited with bringing the ego and defense mechanisms to the forefront of psychoanalysis.
Otto Kernberg
Sigmund Freud
Anna Freud
Wilhelm Reich
As a form of treatment, psychoanalytic therapies are particularly well suited for the many patients who suffer from what Sullivan termed:
"problems in living"
psychosis
borderline conditions
neurosis
The CCRT corresponds to Freud's essential observations about:
the psychopathology of everyday life
transference
the interaction between biological factors and the vicissitudes of experience
the manifest content of dreams
Unlike the medical model, which sees symptoms as a sign of a disorder, in psychodynamic theory, a symptom is:
an abstract entity
a biological response
an emotion
a clue
The term that refers to the commonality in the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) in each of three fundamental areas of the patient's life is:
real or anticipated responses from others
the patient's "wishes"
the "convergence of spheres"
responses from the self
C
D
B
B
A
C
C
A
B
D
C
To an Adlerian, the meaning of life is:
A major goal of Adlerian psychotherapy can be viewed as a modification of:
Weltbild refers to our
Normality, or mental healthiness, in an Adlerian framework would be defined by an individual's degree of:
In developing therapeutic relationships, Adlerian therapists:
D
D
B
B
B
Jung's term for the vast, hidden psychic resource shared by all human beings is:
According to Jung, a(n) ________ is an organizing principle, a system of readiness, and a dynamic nucleus of energy.
Emotionally charged associations of ideas and feelings that act as magnets to draw a net of imagery, memories, and ideas into their orbit are called:
Unlike Freud, Jung considered the ________ to be the royal road to the unconscious.
________ is a feminine archetypal image most often represented through the feminine part of a man; ________ is a masculine archetypal image most often represented through the masculine part of a woman.
Defined as archetypal energy that orders and integrates the personality, the ________ is the goal of personal development.
The ________ contains everything that could or should be part of the ego but that the ego denies or refuses to develop.
The public "face" of an individual in society, the ________ shields the ego and reveals appropriate aspects of it, serving to smooth the individual's interactions with society.
In Psychological Types (1921/1971), Jung described varying ways in which individuals habitually respond to the world. The two basic responses are:
For the ________, energy flows predominantly inward, with reality consisting of their reaction to an event, object, or person.
Largely unconscious, the ________ is often seen first in shadow and animus/anima subpersonalities. It may cause trouble when it breaks into consciousness, but it can also bring creativity and freshness, appearing when the mature personality feels lifeless and spent.
Jung called symbols or images that synthesize opposing attitudes or conditions in the psyche:
For Jung, pathological symptoms derive from:
Analytical psychotherapy, in its most complete form, has the goal of helping patients discover and live up to their full potential. This is known as:
B
A
D
D
A
A
B
A
D
D
A
A
A
A
The ongoing process in which individuals freely rely on the evidence of their own senses for making value judgments is known as:
Which of the following is not one of the necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change?
Experiences at variance with the concept of self are:
________ represents the therapist's ongoing process of assimilating, integrating and symbolizing the flow of experiences in awareness.
Roger's early work was clearly influenced by the contributions of:
Psychological adjustment or maladjustment is defined by:
The motivation of all living organisms to maintain and enhance themselves is called the:
The end-point of personality development is seen as:
A warm appreciation or prizing of the other person is the definition of:
Rogers considered classification and diagnosis to be:
The "irrational beliefs" of REBT are considered to be similar to:
The most difficult clients for REBT practitioners are usually:
When members of the Society of Clinical Psychology were asked to name the most influential person in the history of psychotherapy, the individuals most often listed were (in order):
The statement "People are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them," is attributed to:
Beliefs may be considered to be irrational when they:
According to Ellis, people became anxious and depressed when they:
The most elegant solution to the problems resulting from irrational demandingness is to:
According to Albert Ellis' Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, (REBT), emotional consequences are largely created by:
Ellis discovered that his clients were reluctant to surrender their basic irrational premises because of their tendency:
The best way to interrupt disturbed thought processes is usually to:
A
A
B
D
D
A
B
D
A
D
Which concept refers to separating thoughts from their referents and differentiating the thinker from the thoughts?
________ refers to one's belief about being able to perform certain tasks or achieve certain goals.
A distinctive and seminal therapeutic strategy in Dialectical Behavior Therapy is:
Negative reinforcement refers to:
The typical behavior therapist is likely to utilize all of the following in their clinical practice except:
A(n) ________ is tightly controlled, with random assignment of patients to different treatments, the use of manual-based treatments, the inclusion of therapists who have been carefully trained in the use of the specific treatments, and rigorous assessment of outcome by independent evaluators, while ________ are usually less well-controlled.
Wolpe regarded ________, defined as a persistent response of the autonomic nervous system acquired through classical conditioning, as the causal agent in all neurotic reactions.
________ is a direct extension of Skinner's radical behaviorism.
Exposure and response prevention treatment has significantly improved the clinical treatment of which disorder?
Mischel invoked the notion of ________ to explain the interchange between the person and the situation.
A
A
D
C
C
B
D
A
B
C
Thoughts that intercede between an event or stimulus and the individual's emotional and behavioral reactions, and which are generated from underlying assumptions are called:
________ has (have) been confirmed as a predictor of eventual suicide.
The concept of ________ refers to a view of the patient as a practical scientist who lives by interpreting stimuli but who has been temporarily thwarted by his or her own information-gathering and integrating apparatus.
Drawing a specific conclusion without supporting evidence or even in the face of contradictory evidence is a(n):
Some modes, such as the anxiety mode, are primal, meaning they are:
Which of the following is not one of the three major approaches to treating dysfunctional modes?
A negative view of the self, the world, and the future characterizes:
Which of the following is not one of the learning experiences characteristic of cognitive therapy?
In cognitive therapy, the patient's maladaptive conclusions are treated as:
Each individual has a set of idiosyncratic vulnerabilities and sensitivities that predispose him or her to psychological distress. These vulnerabilities appear to be related to:
________ techniques test automatic thoughts and assumptions by considering alternative causes of events.
C
A
B
D
A
C
D
C
A
A
C
The ultimate existential concern is:
The most powerful awakening experience is a confrontation with:
From the existential perspective, psychopathology, to a very great extent, is the result of:
Which of the following would constitute a "boundary situation?"
It is the task of the existential therapist to maintain focus on:
The focus of existential psychotherapy is on:
The existential therapist's most valuable instrument is:
The primary solution to the problem of meaninglessness is:
The role of the existential therapist is one of:
An urgent experience that propels the individual into a confrontation with an existential situation is a(n):
The idea that we all live in a universe without inherent design, in which we are the authors of our own lives, refers to the existential concern with:
C
B
C
D
B
D
D
A
A
C
C
The primary tool of gestalt therapy is:
Knowing and owning what one senses, feels emotionally, observes, needs or wants, and believes is referred to as:
When ideas, identity, beliefs, and so on, are taken in without awareness, the boundary disturbance of ________ results.
The only goal of gestalt therapy is:
Journal writing, poetry, art, and movement are all examples of ________, which can be used to clarify feelings in ways that talking alone cannot.
Which of the following is not emphasized in gestalt therapy?
The process of experiencing what is to be taken in, deconstructing it, keeping what is useful, and discarding what is not is called:
In keeping with the emphasis in gestalt therapy on the actual and direct experience of the participants, the most commonly used therapeutic techniques are those having to do with:
The terrifying experience that occurs when a person's customary supports are not available and new supports have not yet been mobilized, is called:
The major difference between contemporary gestalt therapy and REBT or cognitive behavior therapy is that in gestalt therapy:
A
B
C
A
D
B
D
B
D
B
From the IPT perspective, regardless of the causes of depression, the triggers of depressive episodes involve:
The evidence for the efficacy of IPT is strongest for:
IPT was originally developed with the intention of:
The aim of ________ is to help patients understand the interpersonal message they wish to convey, and clarify what stood in the way of conveying that message or whether the message conveyed was not what they wanted or needed to get across
The fundamental principle of Interpersonal Psychotherapy is that depression occurs:
Pretreatment or baseline characteristics that suggest for whom or under what conditions a treatment works are known as:
Markowitz and colleagues (2006) note that there is a strong rationale for treating ________ with IPT.
Difficulty making transitions between stages in life and/or changes in life circumstances is the definition of:
Despite being recognized as one of the three component processes of pathology, IPT research and practice has historically been reluctant to focus on:
Which of the following is not a therapeutic strategy of IPT?
A
A
C
C
A
D
B
B
A
A
The multigenerational accounting system of who, psychologically speaking, owes what to whom, is called:
The term ________ is used to describe a false sense of family closeness in which the family gives the appearance of taking part in a mutual, open, and understanding relationship without really doing so.
________ are invisible lines that separate a system, a subsystem, or an individual from outside surroundings.
From the family therapy perspective, any cause may be seen as an effect of a previous cause and, in turn, the cause of a later event. This is the essence of:
The process in which a particular individual is held responsible for whatever goes wrong with the family, thus enabling family members to avoid dealing with what is really taking place, is known as ________.
Apparent quarreling or bickering between family members which is, in reality, merely a superficial tactic for avoiding deeper and more genuine feelings, is the definition of:
A(n) ________ consists of directing families to continue to manifest their presenting "involuntary" symptoms, thus demonstrating that they are, in fact, under voluntary control.
In family therapy, the family member considered to be the problem in the family is called the:
________ family therapy focuses on how families are organized, family rules, roles, alignments and coalitions, boundaries and subsystems.
The situation in which parents undermine their spouses, repeatedly threaten divorce and vie for the loyalty and affection of the children, is known as:
D
D
A
C
B
D
B
A
B
C
________ was the first explicitly integrative school of Western psychology.
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Person-centered therapy
c. Transpersonal psychology
d. Rational-emotive behavior therapy
Within the contemplative perspective, the term craving most closely corresponds to our Western concept of:
a. irrational beliefs
b. addiction
c. psychosis
d. obsession
The aim of ________ is (are) to develop clear sensitive awareness and to explore the nature of mind and experience, thereby fostering mental health and maturation.
a. yoga
b. awareness meditations
c. peak experiences
d. concentration meditations
The underlying principle of "wise attention" is:
a. "What we focus on, we become"
b. "You are what you eat"
c. "As one's food, so is one's mind"
d. "When the deep meaning of things is not understood, the mind's essential peace is disturbed to no avail"
The unrecognized mental dullness, mindlessness, or unconsciousness that misperceives and misunderstands the nature of mind and reality is called:
a. craving
b. addiction
c. neurosis
d. delusion
From the contemplative perspective, psychological suffering is largely a function of:
a. our usual state of mind
b. incongruence
c. social inequities
d. cognitive errors
Which of the following is not characteristic of the contemplative ideal of health?
a. Development of specific healthy mental qualities and capacities
b. Maturation to postconventional, transpersonal levels
c. Identification with the ego-ideal
d. Relinquishment of unhealthy mental qualities such as craving, aversion, and delusion
The term ________ refers to a family of self-regulation practices that focus on training attention and awareness in order to bring mental processes under greater voluntary control.
a. biofeedback
b. yoga
c. mantra
d. meditation
Buddhists refer to the three causes of psychopathology as:
a. the "Big Three"
b. the "triumvirate"
c. the "three-headed serpent"
d. the "three poisons"
An important difference between meditation and Western therapeutic strategies is the focus on:
a. biological functions
b. attention and awareness
c. cognitive functions
d. the unconscious
Contemplative therapies teach us that our self-image is:
a. impossible to change
b. determined early in life
c. a fabrication
d. a product of our learning history
C
B
B
A
D
A
C
D
D
B
C
Generally, a clinician conceptualizes cases from a cognitive theoretical framework and uses cognitive and behavioral techniques. However, in a therapy session, an empty chair technique was used. This decision is consistent with:
Directive and structural techniques are most likely to be effective with individuals who have:
Integrative psychotherapy is based on:
An individual who is in the contemplation stage of change is:
Integrative psychotherapy uses psychological assessment in a traditional manner, with the exception that:
D
D
A
C
B
Those cultures where individuals' identity is associated with their relationships to others are called:
An examination of cultural trauma is of particular interest during the ________ stage of an ethnocultural assessment.
Attitudes, policies and practices that are destructive to cultures and to individuals within cultures are known as:
When individuals begin to question and suspect the dominant group's cultural values, they are at which stage of minority identity development?
According to Bennet's multicultural sensitivity development model, when individuals recognize other cultures but denigrate them, they are operating at which stage of development?
The belief that one's worldview is inherently superior and desirable to others is known as:
A culture-centered assessment based on an anthropological method developed to address how clients present their problems to their psychotherapists, the meaning they attribute to their distress, their help seeking behavior, etc., is called a(n):
The main difference between folk healers and mainstream psychotherapists is folk healers' promotion of:
________ refers to the set of knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, skills and policies that enable a practitioner to work effectively in a multicultural situation.
Being harassed in public places, ignored by clerks who favor White customers, being accused of being an "Affirmative Action baby" and being targeted for racial profiling are examples of:
D
A
B
A
D
B
B
C
B
D
A study of the combined data from the first eight national, anonymous self-report surveys that appeared in peer-reviewed journals found that ________ of the 5,148 therapists surveyed reported having engaged in sex with at least one patient.
Sexual involvement with a patient is justified:
The American Psychological Association's justification for allowing psychologists to assist in the interrogation of detainees was based on:
The United States government has attempted to deal with the absence of uniform standards and clear guidelines for therapy by establishing the:
Pope and Vetter's (1991) research identified ________ as the second most often reported ethical dilemma.
________ restricts the practice of a profession, whereas ________ restricts the use of a profession's name.
Who stated that, instead of looking at the "effectiveness" of therapy, researchers need to ask "What treatment, by whom, is most effective for this individual with that specific problem, and under which set of circumstances?"
D
A
C
D
A
A
B
Raymond Corsini describes how a prisoner’s life changed when he was told that he had a high IQ. Why does Dr. Corsini consider this psychotherapy?
Although Sigmund Freud is generally called the “father of psychotherapy,” describe the contributions of his key predecessors and contemporaries.
Imagine that you are a beginning psychotherapist. Describe how you would utilize advances in neurosciences to inform your treatment approach.
Many attempts have been made historically to categorize or classify mental illnesses. Discuss the evolution of these attempts from beginning to current.
Yalom suggested that, much like cooking, it is the ________ that often make all the difference in psychotherapy.
"throw-ins"
technique
content
process
The ________ tradition suggested that only a psychological approach could provide an understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
psychiker
psychoanalytic
behavioral
somatiker
Paul Meehl called job stresses, financial concerns, troubled children, angry spouses or in-laws, difficult colleagues etc.:
stressors
real-life
context-dependent stochastologicals
hassles
The expression of certain genes that results from their activation by specific but common environmental events is referred to as:
heuristics
macrogenetics
evolution
epigenetics
Hippocrates considered the ________ to be the seat of knowledge and learning.
soul
brain
uterus
liver
The key to resolving the long-standing conflict between the organicists and psychodynamicists, according to the authors, is:
compromise
eclectisim
integration
confrontation
The notion that transference occurs on an unconscious level can be traced to the contributions of:
Freud
Carus
Schopenhauer
Jung
The study of the unconscious is commonly thought to have started with the study of the subliminal perceptions in daily life conducted by:
Leibniz
Fechner
Freud
Jung
The primary obstacle to developing a science of psychotherapy is:
the complex and changing context of our patients' daily lives
the
If you want to practice and test your knowledge on current psychotherapies, can do the practice tests based on each chapter of the book by Wedding & Corsini: ExamTests with Current Psychotherapies by Wedding & Corsini
If you prefer a time limit per chapter you can check out the following weblinks:
The psychotherapeutic term “dynamic” was first used by:
Sigmund Freud
Hippocrates
Franz Anton Mesmer
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Herman von Helmholtz described the unconscious reconstruction of what our past taught us about an object as:
restructuring objects
unconscious inference
psychic stimulation
cognitive discovery
Hellenist physicians believed the organ contributing to mental illness was the:
brain
heart
liver
blood
Jungian therapy, based on the work of Moritz Benedikt, underscores the importance of:
rewarding positive behavior
unconditional positive regard
cognitive distortions
purging pathogenic secrets
The idea that nonlinear messages are systematically sent between the unconscious and the conscious in human interactions was developed by:
Carl Gustav Carus
Franz Anton Mesmer
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Hippocrates
Due to multicultural differences, segments of the population would likely benefit from:
indigenized psychotherapies
exporting Euro-American psychotherapists
accepting a universal approach to psychotherapy
abandoning cultural philosophies
The organicist tradition refers to scientists who were:
somatic focused
integrating music into therapy
environmentalists
lab-based
Corsini illustrates a change in an inmate’s life after learning he had a high IQ. This story demonstrates that psychotherapy can be broadly defined as any:
technique which teaches a patient a new skill
interaction between a therapist and a patient
self-concept-altering experience
interpretation provided to a patient
The expression of certain genes that result from their activation by specific but common environmental events is referred to as:
epigenetics
somatiker
psychiker
neuronal decay
Emil Kraepelin’s work focused heavily on:
classifications of diseases
use of hypnosis
surgical approaches to mental illness
multicultural variants of
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