Practice material of An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology by Groome - 3th edition

Examples of possible exam questions with the book Cognitive Psychology by Groome

What is being researched in cognitive psychology? - ExamTests 1

Multiple choice questions

Question 1

What do cognitive neuropsychologists conclude from the occurrence of a 'double dissociation' between two cognitive functions?

1. That the two functions are performed by the same brain structure

2. That the two functions are performed by the same brain structure, but by different parts of it

3. That the two functions are performed by two separate but dependent brain structures

4. That the two functions are performed by two separate and independently functioning brain structures

Question 2

Broadbent's model for visual attention contains a 'desicion channel' with a limited processing capacity. What inspired this idea of ​​limited capacity?

1. The computer and telecommunication technology

2. Visual attention of animals

3. Filtering coffee

4. The memory card of a camera

Question 3

In which approach to cognitive psychology are individuals with brain damage studied?

1. Cognitive neuroscience

2. Cognitive neuropsychology

3. Experimental cognitive psychology

Question 4

What are the four phases of the cognitive process?

1. Perception, processing, retrieval and response

2. Perception, processing, retrieval and thinking

3. Perception, learning and memory storage, retrieval and response

4. Perception, learning and memory storage, retrieval and thinking

Question 5

What or where does the schema theory belong to?

1. Cognitive neuroscience

2. Experimental cognitive psychology

3. Computer modelling

4. Cognitive neuropsychology

Open questions

Question 1

What is the name of the approach in which cognitive processes are simulated using computers?

Answer indication MC questions

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. D

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

Computer modelling approach

What theories about perception exist? - ExamTests 2

MC questions

Question 1

What has Gestalt Psychology been particularly concerned with?

1. 'Laws' in grouping elements in the visual field

2. 'Laws' in grouping elements in the auditory field

3. 'Laws' in grouping brain structures

4. 'Laws' in grouping auditory and visual information

Question 2

The visual system in the brain has contains two 'flows' or 'streams': the dorsal and the ventral. What is probably the function of the dorsal flow or stream?

1. Recognizing objects

2. The perception of the visual world

3. Steering movement based on perception

4. None of the above

Question 3

The expression "perception lies in the brain or the perceiver" is most consistent with ...

1. The approach to low vision

2. The neuropsychological approach to visual perception

3. 'The Gibsonian view' on visual perception

4. The constructivist theory of Richard Gregory and colleagues

Question 4

Richard Gregory distinguished between 3 types of visual illusions:

1. Physical phenomena, with as an example ...

2. Illusions due to physiological processes in the brain that are not influenced top-down, with as an example ...

3. Illusions due to top-down influence on perception, with as an example ...

What should be on the dotted lines?

1. 1) Color after effect, 2) Mirage, 3) Muller-Lyer illusion

2. 1) Mirage, 2) Hermann grid, 3) Ames chamber

3. 1) Mirage, 2) Muller-Lyer illusion, 3) Hermann grid

4. 1) Color after effect, 2) Ames chamber, 3) Hermann grid

Question 5

What does the "law of similarity" in Gestalt psychology state?

1. That "figure" and "background" are easier to separate as they resemble each other

2. That elements in the visual field can be grouped together based on common color or shape

3. That two stimuli that are equal are processed faster when they are presented together than when each stimulus is presented alone each

4. None of the above

Question 6

Combine the terms with the correct description:

Question 7

Which statements are true?

I. The ventral stream or flow is about the recognition of visual input

II. The dorsal stream or flow is about the recognition of visual input

III. The ventral stream or flow provides information that is needed to control visual behavior

IV. The dorsal stream or flow provides information to guide visual behavior

1. I and IV

2. II and III

3. All the statements are true

4. None of the above

Question 8

Which statements are true?

I. Parallel Distributed Processing models are also called neural network models

II. In these Parallel Distributed models, objects are represented by activating a pattern of multiple cells

1. I

2. II

3. Both statements are true

4. None of the statements is true

Open questions

Question 1

Which theory claims that there is an internal schema with which sensory information can be compared?

Answer indication MC questions

1. A

2. C

3. D

4. B

5. B

6. 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A

7. A

8. C

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

The theory of Shephard and Metzler.

How does having, maintaining and distributing attention work? - ExamTests 3

MC questions

Question 1

What is NOT characteristic of 'automatic' (versus 'controlled') processing of stimuli?

1. Automatic processing is an unconscious process

2. Automatic processing can occur during reading

3. Automatic processing is serial

4. Automatic processing is not a part of the 'Stroop task'

Question 2

You are very 'in your mind' while preparing your breakfast and suddenly you notice that you are pouring Jus d'Orange on your plate instead of in your glass. This is a typical example of:

1. A lapse

2. Monotasking

3. A slip

4. The Feature Interogation Theory (FIT)

Question 3

Rate the following statements:

1. According to the 'late selection model' of Deutsch and Deutsch, selection only takes place at the level of the response

2. According to the 'early selection model' of Broadbent, selection takes place early on the base of mental characteristics

Which option is correct?

1. Stament I and II are both correct

2. Statement I is correct, statement II incorrect

3. Statement I is incorrect, statement II correct

4. Statement I and II are both incorrect

Question 4

In an experiment by Allport and colleagues, test subjects had to 'shadow' a story - which was offered to 1 ear -. At the same time, a list of words to remember was presented. The researchers found that the memory for that list of words was better with ... presentation, which proves the importance of ... in performing double tasks.

1. Visual, exercise

2. Visual, task similarity

3. Auditory, exercise

4. Auditory, task similarity

Question 5

Selective attention models proposed by Treisman, Broadbent and Deutsch & Deutsch differ in the extent to which irrelevant (ignored) information is processed to a meaningful (semantic) level. What is the correct order of the models, from little meaning processing to a lot of meaning processing?

1. Broadbent, Deutsch & Deutch, Treisman

2. Deutsch & Deutsch, Treisman, Broadbent

3. Broadbent, Treisman, Deutsch & Deutsch

4. Deutsch & Deutsch, Broadbent, Treisman

Question 6

Which statements are true?

I. Controlled processing is more flexible than automatic processing

II. Tasks become easier to combine when different sensory modalities are used

III. Tasks become easier to combine when the person performing the tasks has experience (expertise) with the task

1. I and II

2. II and III

3. I and III

4. All the statements are true

Question 7

The spotlight model states that visual attention can be focused on:

1. A specific location

2. A certain object

Question 8

Theories that are relevant to the "Bottleneck" of processing include:

1. The late selection model, Eriksen's processing model and Broadbent's Filter model

2. The late selection model, Eriksen's processing model and Treisman's attenuation model

3. The late selection model, Treisman's attenuation model and Broadbent's Filter model

Question 9

Combine the right phrases:

Open questions

Question 1

What types of mistakes are there?

Answer indication MC questions

1. C

2. C

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. A

8. C

9. A2b; B1a

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

Slips and lapses.

What forms of perception and attention disorders exist? - ExamTests 4

MC questions

Question 1

What is the most important characteristic of apperceptive agnosia?

1. The patient is unable to replicate drawings

2. The patient has to deal with color blindness

3. The patient is unable to make drawings by heart

4. The patient experiences confusion when perceiving objects that are similar

Question 2

What is the most important characteristic of "form" agnosia (compared to "integrative" agnosia)?

1. In form agnosia there is also "unilateral neglect"

2. In form agnosia, the patient is unable to recognize objects visually and also unable to to recognize them after touching the object

3. In form agnosia, the patient is unable to replicate drawings

4. Form agnosia is primarily a disorder of the "true" system

Question 3

In "Synaesthesia" there is an association between, for example, numbers and colors. Which statement about this phenomenon is correct?

1. The color perception only occurs when the figure has actually been offered. Not when it is - for example - the result of an arithmetic operation (2 + 5 =).

2. The observed color with a number is the same for observers. For example, the number 7 is always associated with the color red.

3. The color is only perceived when there is a conscious sensation (and not with an accessible threshold of a figure).

4. An ambiguous stimulus (for example, a sign that can be read both as the number 5 and the letter S) always gives the same color sensation, independent of the interpretation of the observer.

Question 4

What explanation has NOT been provided for 'blindsight' over the years?

1. There is a system that focuses on locating an object in space and a second system focuses on its identification

2. Blindsight is the result of new connections between parts of the brain that have arisen after the damage occurred

3. Patients use a different (more 'primitive') route in the visual system

4. There is a primitive non-striate system that is sensitive to movement, and a more developed striate system that ensures conscious perception

Question 5

Synaesthesia is:

1. The inability to recognize faces

2. A neurological phenomenon in which 2 or more senses work together

3. An area where a person is blind to

Question 6

Make the right combinations:

Open questions

Question 1

Genetic behavior can be divided in are "projectors", "perceptors" and "associators". Which of these 3 concepts does not belong in this statement?

Question 2

What is the cause of apperceptive agnosia?

Answer indication MC questions

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. 1d, 2a, 3c, 4b

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

Perceptors.

Question 2

Bilateral brain abnormality.

What is known about the short-term memory? - ExamTests 5

MC questions

Question 1

Why is memory crucial for our functioning?

1. It is essential for the planning of behaviour

2. It influences social interaction and the related consequences

3. It helps when learning new routines and changing old routines

4. All of the above

Question 2

What is the best estimate of the memory capacity?

1. 2 to 3 items

2. 3 to 5 items

3. 5 to 9 items

4. 5 to 10 items

Question 3

In a test, the assignment is to complete the letters l-c-m-t-e into a complete word. The chance that this will succeed is greater if the word 'locomotive' has been read some time before. This is called the 'repetition-priming' effect. This chance is:

1. Independent of being able to remember or recognize the word

2. Independent of the presence of a visual stimulus

3. Regardless of the number of firing neurons in the brain

4. None of the above

Question 4

A test subject is offered three random characters for two seconds. Then he / she must first count down 20 seconds and then try to remember the characters. This is repeated a large number of times, always with different combinations of characters. How many characters are remembered on average?

1. Less than 1 on average

2. 1 on average

3. 2 on average

4. 3 on average

Question 5

Which statements about the episodic buffer are true?

I. This loop provides a link between the main memory and the long-term memory.

II. This loop integrates information from different sensory modalities with each other.

III. This loop contains the visual cache and the inner scribe.

IV. This loop only has to do with the short-term memory.

1. Statement I and III

2. Statement I and II

3. Statement II and IV

4. Statement III and IV

Question 6

Combine the explanation to the corresponding components of the main memory:

Open questions

Question 1

What does the dual-store theory entail?

Question 2

What is measured with the digit span?

Answer indication MC questions

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. 1c, 2a, 3b

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

If one memory (LTM or STM) is damaged, the other memory (LTM or STM) continues to function.

Question 2

The digit span measures the largest number of digits that are presented that an individual can remember. This measures the (short term) memory capacity.

What is known about the long-term memory? - ExamTests 6

MC questions

Question 1

Why is memory crucial for our functioning?

1. It is essential for behavior planning

2. It influences social interaction and the associated consequences

3. It helps with learning new routines and changing old routines

4. All the above answers are correct

Question 2

Which statement / judgments is / are true?

I. The schema theory states that information is coded based on experiences.

II. Three phases can be distinguished in memory: Input, storage and output.

1. Both statements are true

2. Both statements are false

3. Statement I is true, statement II is not

4. Statement II is true, statement I is not

Question 3

Which of the examples below is an example of Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP)?

1. When you learn something in a quiet gym you are better able to retrieve information later when you are in a similar quiet gym

2. When you learn something, it is best to do this in a situation where you feel comfortable (such as in a quiet location)

3. If you want to retrieve information it is best to do this in a situation where you feel comfortable (for example in a quiet location)

Question 4

The Decay effect and the Interference effect are possible explanations for the following phenomenon:

1. Memories change

2. Memories disappear

3. The memory track is strengthened

4. Being able to retrieve information later

Question 5

Combine the types of memory that have to do with each other. And then combine the associated type of information to the episodic and semantic memory (so choose 1 concept from each column that fits into the series):

Answer indication MC questions

1. D

2. A

3. A

4. B

5. 1bA Events from your own life; 2aB General knowledge

What is amnesia and what forms of amnesia exist? - ExamTests 7

MC questions

Question 1

Characteristic of amnesia (amnestic syndrome) is:

1. Unable to name people and objects

2. The loss of episodic memory functions

3. Problems with remembering things from the distant past

4. All the above answers

Question 2

There are two theories to explain retrogade and anterogade amnesia that occurs with amnetic syndrome. Which statement about those theories is most correct?

1. The best explanation has come to light through pharmacological research

2. The best explanation is a cognitive-biological explanation

3. Neither of the theories is entirely adequate to explain amnesia

4. The best explanation is a deficiency in learning and in the storing information

Question 3

How can be tested for anterograde amnesia?

1. By making use of learningtests

2. By asking questions about past events

3. By testing someone's general knowledge

Question 4

Combine the following theories with the corresponding explanations:

Question 5

Which of these statements is not true according to Cohen & Squire?

1. The declarative memory remains intact in amnesia patients

2. The procedural memory remains intact in amnesia patients

Question 6

The following type of learning is used in rehabilitation for amnesia patients:

1. Explicit learning

2. Errorless learning

3. Learning through semantic memory

Answer indication MC questions

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. 1b, 2a, 3d, 4c

5. A

6. B

What are developments around the issues of problem solving and reasoning? - ExamTests 8

MC questions

Question 1

One of the rules for drawing a logical conclusion from propositional data is called modus ponens. This is:

1. An example of deductive reasoning

2. An example of an inductive reasoning

3. One of the rules of deductive reasoning

4. One of the rules of inductive reasoning

Question 2

According to Gestalt psychologists, what obstacles are involved during problem solving?

1. Functional fixedness & Chunk decomposition

2. Functional fixedness & type or set effects

3. An impasse & type or set effects

Question 3

Which of these statements is / are true?

1. A mental blank can arise when previous experiences cannot be used to present a problem.

2. This mental blank can only be broken by means of "constraint relaxation".

1. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is not true

2. Statement 2 is true, Statement 1 is not true

3. Statements 1 and 2 are both true

4. Statement 1 and 2 are both false

Question 4

Gentner & Gentner stated that the use of analogies contributes to problem solving. Which of these four phases is not included?

1. Interpreting and presenting the problem

2. Selecting a usable analogy and retrieving it from the LTM

3. Observing similarities between the problem and the analogy

4. Observing differences between the problem and the analogy

Open questions

Question 1

In which form of reasoning is the conclusion highly likely but not certain? (and explain why)

Answer indication MC questions

1. C

2. B

3. A

4. D

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

Inductive reasoning, based on specific observations, a general rule will apply. The conclusion is highly likely but not certain. The conclusion with deductive reasoning is certain. The conclusion is derived from the given premisses.

What are the possible consequences of injury to the frontal lobe? - ExamTests 9

MC questions

Question 1

Perseveration is one of the characteristics of the mental disorder known as 'dysexecutive' syndrome. What's the meaning of this?

1. The ability to remember the effect of a problem solving strategy and use it for the next problem

2. The ability to maintain a successful problem solving strategy

3. An inability to let go of a problem solving strategy that is unsuccessful and replace it with a better one

4. None of the above

Question 2

In which three categories can the frontal lobe be divided?

1. Motor cortex, frontal cortex and the prefrontal cortex

2. Motor cortex, premotor cortex and the frontal cortex

3. Motor cortex, premotor cortex and prefrontal cortex

Question 3

In patients with this damage, the ability to form and change strategies has been compromised:

1. Damage to the right frontal lobe

2. Damage to left frontal lobe

3. Damage to right prefrontal lobe

4. Damage to left prefrontal lobe

Question 4

Combine the concepts with the corresponding concepts, two answers remain.

I. What is the function of the supervisory attentional system?

II. What is the function of the contention scheduling?

1. When dealing with new information, this ensures that behavior is not regulated automatically

2. When being confronted with new information, this ensures that behavior can be regulated automatically

3. This selects one of the possible schemas in the event of a conflict between two routine (automatic) actions

4. This selects one of the possible schemas in the event of a conflict between two actions that are not routine (automatic)

Open questions

Question 1

What is another name for the frontal lobe syndrome?

Answer indication MC questions

1. C

2. C.

3. A

4. IA, IIC

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

Dysexecutive syndrome

How does recognizing, understanding and speaking of language work? - ExamTests 10

MC questions

Question 1

There is often confusion at the end of 'garden path' sentences, such as 'I saw people with the big binoculars'. What is this confusion proof for?

1. The 'immediacy principle' in the syntactic analysis of a sentence

2. The wrong use of 'parsing'

3. Chomsky's distinction between 'competence' and 'performance' in the syntactic analysis of sentences

4. The 'cohesive devices' as pointed out by Halliday and Hasan

Question 2

Consider the sentence: "A maniac for weekends" instead of "a weekend for maniacs". What kind of mistake in speaking is this called?

1. This is an example of wordsubstitution

2. An example of sound exchange errors

3. An example of morpheme changes: stranding errors

4. All the above

Question 3

Which of these statements is true?

1. A phoneme is the smallest sound unit that can lead to a difference in meaning

2. A morpheme is the smallest sound unit that can lead to a difference in meaning

Question 4

Which two types of models explain how people get quick access to their mental lexicon?

1. Serial search models and targeted search models

2. Serial search models and direct access models

3. Targeted search models and direct access models

4. Targeted search models and targeted access models

Question 5

Combine the concepts with the accompanying explanatory notes:

Open questions

Question 1

In combination with what does a bound morpheme occur?

Question 2

Which of the following concepts is not a level of language?

• Phonetics

• Semantics

• Phonology

• Sonetics

• Reasoning

Answer indication MC questions

1. A

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. 1C, 2A, 3D, 4B

Answer indication Open questions

Question 1

In combination with one or more free morphemes.

Question 2

Sonetics.

How can the ability to use language be affected? - ExamTests 11

MC questions

Question 1

According to Groome, what is an explanation for reading surface dyslexia (where irregular words, such as 'steak', are regularized)?

1. Acute brain injury

2. Damage to the lexical-semantic (whole-word) route

3. Damage to the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere

4. Damage to the temporal lobe in the right hemisphere

Question 2

What is the most characteristic error with 'deep dyslexia'?

1. The inability to recognize words immediately

2. Difficulty when reading non-existent words

3. People read words that are close to the word to be read in meaning

4. No trouble reading words if they meet the 'spelling-to-sound' rules

Question 3

What is NOT a form of aphasia?

1. Regional aphasia

2. Anomy aphasia

3. Broca's aphasia

4. Conduction aphasia

Question 4

Which of these statements is or are not true?

1. Broca's aphasia is a language disorder that has to do with speech production

2. Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder that has to do with speech production

3. Disruption can occur due to damage to the nerve cells that connect the areas of Broca and Wernicke

4. Disruption can only occur due to damage to these areas themselves and damage to the nerve cells that connect the areas to each other

Question 5

Which of these statements is / are true?

I. In Broca's aphasia, there is damage in the upper parts of the left temporal lobe

II. In Wernicke's aphasia there is damage to a portion of the left frontal lobe

1. Statement I is true, Statement II is false

2. Statement II is true, Statement I is false

3. Statements I and II are true

4. Statements I and II are false

Question 6

Combine the concepts with the accompanying explanatory notes:

Question 7

Which of the following statements is / are true?

1. Autism is a developmental language disorder in which patients experience problems using language during social interaction.

2. Autism is not a developmental language disorder, but stuttering is.

3. Specific language limitation is a developmental language disorder in which patients experience problems using language during social interaction.

Answer indication MC questions

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. B and D

5. D (the opposite is true)

6. 1c, 2a, 3d 4e, 5b

7. A