Samenvatting Inleiding. Universiteit Utrecht

Inleiding

Jeugdrecht: familierecht, vrijwillige jeugdhulp, kinderbescherming, jeugdstrafrecht
1900: apart jeugdrechtsysteem
1900: Leerplicht
1901: Kinderwetten
- Kinderbescherming
  - Einde aan ontastbare macht van de vader
  - Overheid kon ingrijpen als er gevaar dreigde voor kind
- Jeugdstrafrecht
  - Aparte sancties en procedures
1950: Europees Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens en de fundamentele vrijheden (EVRM)
1989: Internationaal Verdrag inzake de rechten van het kind (IVRK).
- Alleen VS heeft niet geratificeerd
- Algemene principes
  - alle kinderen hebben recht op alle rechten en vrijheden die in het verdrag worden genoemd zonder discriminatie van welke aard dan ook.
  - Bij alle maatregelen betreffende kinderen, vormen de belangen van het kind een eerste overweging
  - Alle kinderen hebben recht op leven, overleven en ontwikkeling
  - Alle kinderen hebben recht hun mening te geven en te participeren in beslissingen die hen betreffen in overeenstemming met hun leeftijd en rijpheid.
- Elk land 1x in de 5 jaar rapport presenteren
- Vergadering met onafhankelijke deskundigen: Comité voor de rechten van het kind (CRC)
  - Houdt toezicht op implementatie van IVRK
  - Geeft aanbevelingen aan lidstaat
    - BV dat NL een kinderombudsman moest hebben.
Van verzorgingsstaat naar participatiemaatschappij
Bestuurlijke en financiële verantwoordelijkheid van jeugdhulp bij gemeenten sinds Jeugdwet 2015
NL heeft inquisitoire traditie

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