Examtests with Introduction to Personality, Clinical and Health Psychology by - 1st Custom LU Edition

What does abnormality mean? - ExamTests 1

MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

As what kind of theory of abnormality could the old Chinese theory of the breath of life be labeled?

1. A biological theory

2. A supernatural theory

3. A psycho-social theory

MC question 2

Which term is described here? Behavior that is followed by positive consequences will be repeated more often than behavior that is followed by negative consequences.

1. Classical conditioning

2. Operant conditioning

3. Learning through observation

4. Learning through punishment and rewarding

MC question 3

What does 'cultural relativism' mean?

1. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

2. That in different cultures very different disorders can occur, which you have to take into account in the assessment.

Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Name the four D's of abnormality and explain what they mean.

Answers MC-questions with chapter 1

MC question 1

A. A biological theory. This theory assumes that human emotions were controlled by internal organs. When the life air flowed through one of these organs, a certain emotion belonging to that organ was experienced.

MC question 2

B. Operant conditioning

MC question 3

A. That there are no universal standards or rules to classify behavior as abnormal, behavior can only be abnormal according to prevailing standards.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 1

Open question 1

Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance and Dangerousness.

• Behavior and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with someone's functioning in daily life. The more dysfunctional the behavior, the greater the chance that this is labeled as abnormal.
• Behavior and feelings that cause distress to the individual and the persons around him are also often regarded as abnormal.
• Strongly deviant behaviors, such as chronic lying and stealing, lead to assessments of abnormality.
• Behaviors that are dangerous to the individual, such as self-harm, or to others, such as serious aggression, are also seen as abnormal.

Which theories and treatments of abnormality exist? - ExamTests 2

MC-questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

Which approach to explaining psychological complaints is based on a person's convictions, life experience and relationships?

1. The biological approach

2. The psychological approach

3. The socio-cultural approach

MC question 2

Which of the sub-cortical structures deals with memory?

1. Thalamus

2. Hypothalamus

3. Hippocampus

4. Amygdala

MC question 3

Which statement is correct?

1. Behaviors are taught the fastest with the help of a continuous reinforcement schedule.

2. Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are the fastest to learn again.

1. Only claim I is correct

2. Only claim II is correct

3. Both statements are correct

4. Both statements are incorrect

MC question 4

Which form of prevention is attempted to inhibit a disorder that is in a very early phase?

1. Primary prevention

2. Secondary prevention

3. Tertiary prevention

MC question 5

In general, lower levels of serotonin are associated with:

1. Dominant and rigid behavior

2. Fearful and aggressive behavior

MC question 6

Which neurotransmitter plays a role in aggressive impulses?

1. Serotonin

2. Dopamine

MC question 7

In which type of therapy are negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety identified and altered?

1. Cognitive therapy

2. Psychodynamic therapy

Answers MC-questions with chapter 2

MC question 1

B. The psychological approach. For example, the biological approach assumes a genetic predisposition. The socio-cultural approach is based on cultural values ​​or social environment.

MC question 2

C. Hippocampus. The thalamus sends incoming information from the senses to the cerebrum. The hypothalamus regulates eating, drinking and sexual behavior. The Amygdala is critical for emotions such as fear.

MC question 3

A. Only claim I is correct. Behaviors learned with a partial reinforcement schedule are very difficult to learn because the person is used to not being rewarded continuously. So less reward is needed to maintain the behavior.

MC question 4

B. Secondary prevention. Primary prevention attempts to change the circumstances so that the disorder does not arise at all. In the case of tertiary prevention, an attempt is made to limit the impact of an already existing disorder as much as possible.

MC question 5

B. Fearful and aggressive behavior

MC question 6

A. Serotonin

MC question 7

A. Cognitive therapy

How can you assess and diagnose abnormality? - ExamTests 3

MC-questions with chapter 3

MC question 1

What kind of validity is described here?

Describes the extent to which a test measures the important aspects of the phenomenon to be investigated and omits the unimportant aspects.

1. Face validity.

2. Content validity.

3. Competitor validity.

4. Construct validity.

MC question 2

What form of reliability is described here?

Using different forms of the test, when it needs to be taken again.

1. Test-retest reliability.

2. Internal reliability.

3. Interrater reliability.

4. Alternate form reliability.

MC question 3

In which brain imaging technique is a radioactive substance injected to the brain?

1. Positron-emission tomography (PET).

2. Computerized tomography (CT).

3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

4. Electroencephalogram (EEG).

MC question 4

Which disorders are not on axis 1 in the DSM-V?

1. Depression and anxiety.

2. Personality disorders and mental retardation.

3. Autism spectrum disorders.

4. Living environment.

MC question 5

In 1980 the DSM-III came out. Since then, psychiatric diagnostics have progressed, especially in the areas of:

1. Reliability.

2. Validity.

MC question 6

What does a clinical assessment / assessment involve?

1. An assessment is giving a label to a number of symptoms that often occur together.

2. An assessment is the process of collecting symptoms and looking at what the causes may be.

MC question 7

What conditions must assessment techniques fulfill?

1. Assessment techniques must be efficient, reliable and valid.

2. Assessment techniques must be reliable, valid and standardized.

MC question 8

Which concept belongs to the following description: Using direct observations to determine someone's thoughts, feelings and behavior in certain situations.

1. Personality Inventory.

2. Behavior Assessment.

MC question 9

A PET scan provides an image of the ....

1. Activity of the brain.

2. Structure of the brain.

MC question 10

What do psychophysiological tests involve?

1. With measurable changes in the nervous system that show emotional and psychological changes.

2. With the determination of certain neurological abnormalities, such as the presence of brain tumors.

MC question 11

Classification is ...

1. Making a certain diagnosis for an individual

2. Organizing problems of individuals in certain groups

MC question 12

Klaas is diagnosed with a Major Depressive Disorder and a Post Traumatic Disorder. The presence of two or more disorders in Klaas at the same time is called … .

1. Comorbidity.

2. Multiple syndrome.

MC question 13

What is an advantage of self-observation?

1. That behavior can be tracked and registered at more times.

2. The influence of the presence of another person will lapse. This is called reactivity.

MC question 14

Why are projective tests not often used by clinicians other than psychodynamic therapists?

1. It takes a lot of time to take these tests.

2. The reliability and validity of these tests are not high

MC question 15

What is an example of a projective technique?

1. The thematic apperception test

2. Observing someone in a conflict

Answers MC-questions with chapter 3

MC question 1

B. Content validity.

MC question 2

D. Alternate form reliability.

MC question 3

A. Positron-emission tomography (PET). It is also still done at Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), this is a less expensive technique, but also less accurate.

MC question 4

D. Living environment.

MC question 5

A. Reliability.

MC question 6

B. An assessment is the process of collecting symptoms and looking at what the causes may be.

MC question 7

B. Assessment techniques must be reliable, valid and standardized.

MC question 8

B. Behavior Assessment.

MC question 9

A. Activity of the brain.

MC question 10

A. With measurable changes in the nervous system that show emotional and psychological changes..

MC question 11

B. Organizing problems of individuals in certain groups.

MC question 12

A. Comorbidity.

MC question 13

B. The influence of the presence of another person will lapse. This is called reactivity.

MC question 14

B. The reliability and validity of these tests are not high.

MC question 15

A. The thematic apperception test.

What anxiety disorders do we distinguish? - ExamTests 5

MC-questions with chapter 5

MC question 1

What is not one of the four symptoms required for a diagnosis of PTSD?

1. Reliving the traumatic experience

2. Depression

3. Emotional anesthesia

4. Hyper vigilance

MC question 2

What is the difference between treatment of a panic disorder on the basis of medication, compared to treatment by cognitive behavioral therapy?

1. Treatment with medicines works better in the short term than cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long term.

2. Drug treatment works worse in the short term than cognitive behavioral therapy, but better in the long term.

3. Drug treatment works as well as cognitive behavioral therapy in the short term, but worse in the long term.

4. Drug treatment works just as well in the short term as cognitive behavioral therapy, but better in the long term

MC question 3

With which other disorder is a social phobia rare?

1. Behavioral disorder

2. Mood disorder

3. Anxiety disorder

4. Avoiding personality disorder

MC question 4

Benzodiazepines ...

1. Are effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder, but are not effective in treating panic attacks

2. Are effective in treating panic attacks as long as the use is continued

MC question 5

The frequency of panic attacks is reduced by antidepressants:

1. In more than half of the patients with a panic disorder

2. In patients who have a panic disorder, and also suffer from depression

MC question 6

The four symptom criteria of the DSM-V diagnosis post-traumatic stress disorder are:

1. Repetitions; Avoidance; Negative changes in thoughts and state of mind; Increased arousal

2. Impulsivity; Suicidal thoughts; Addiction behavior; Fear

MC question 7

In patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and in depressed patients who have been maltreated in childhood, structural brain abnormalities can be seen. One of those characteristics is that the hippocampus ...

1. On average is larger, which could have to do with the fact that the hippocampus has to 'work overtime' to keep the amygdala response in check.

2. On average is smaller, which could be related to the toxic effects of chronically elevated cortisol levels.

MC question 8

A panic attack is relatively rare according to the DSM-V. Is this correct or not?

1. True, about 1% of the population ever live in their lives.

2. This is not true, about 28% of the population goes through at least one panic attack.

MC question 9

Adriaan regularly has blaspheming thoughts and then says exactly fifteen times a vow to make this 'good'. He ends up working on it for hours a day. These vows are an example of:

1. Illusion

2. Compulsion

MC question 10

Antidepressants, especially antidepressants that affect the neurotransmitter serotonin:

1. Aggravate Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2. Have a modest positive effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder

MC question 11

An anxiety disorder that occurs proportionally more often in women than in men is:

1. OCD

2. Panic Disorder

MC question 12

In people with depression there is a chronic hyperactivity in the HPA axis. This leads to damage to the ...

1. Amygdala

2. Hippocampus

MC question 13

What is agoraphobia?

1. Agoraphobia is a specific phobia, namely the fear of spiders

2. Agoraphobia is the fear and avoidance of situations or public places that are seen as unsafe

MC question 14

In people with post-traumatic stress disorder ...

1. The amygdala reacts more violently to emotional stimuli and the medial prefrontal cortex is less active.

2. The amygdala reacts more violently to emotional stimuli and the medial prefrontal cortex is more active.

MC question 15

In which part of the nervous system does the CRF hormone belong?

1. In the parasympathetic nervous system

2. In the sympathetic nervous system

MC question 16

Comorbidity (appearance of two or more disorders in an individual) also occurs in anxiety disorders. With which other disorder are anxiety disorders the most comorbid?

1. Depression

2. Bipolar disorder

MC question 17

In cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders, clients are often exposed in small steps to situations they are afraid of. How is this technique called?

1. Systematic desensitization

2. Gradual habituation

MC question 18

With hoarding ...

1. People have an obsession with buying, also called 'passion for buying'.

2. People have trouble throwing away their belongings, regardless of value.

MC question 19

The fight-flight response is a reaction from the ....

1. Adrenal cortical system

2. Both the adrenal cortical system and the autonomic nervous system

MC question 20

Which area in the brain is most associated with anxiety?

1. The basal ganglia

2. The limbic system

MC question 21

What are obsessions?

1. Obsessions are thoughts, images or ideas that are persistent and uncontrollable, and that often cause anxiety or stress.

2. Obsessions are repeated actions that a person must carry out.

MC question 22

About what fear can be spoken in a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

1. The fear often concerns a specific, large life change

2. The fear is often focused on many different, small daily events

Open questions with chapter 5

Open question 1

Name five possible symptoms that occur during a panic attack.

Answers MC-questions with chapter 5

MC question 1

B. Depression

MC question 2

C. Drug treatment works in the short term as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, but worse in the long term. When you stop taking the medication, the symptoms often return. Cognitive behavioral therapy is much better in preventing a relapse.

MC question 3

A. Behavioral disorder

MC question 4

B. Are effective in treating panic attacks as long as the use is continued

MC question 5

A. In more than half of patients with panic disorder

MC question 6

A. Repetitions; Avoidance; Negative changes in thoughts and state of mind; Increased arousal

MC question 7

B. On average, it is smaller, which could be related to the toxic effects of chronically elevated cortisol levels.

MC question 8

B. This is not true, about 28% of the population has a panic attack at least once.

MC question 9

B. Compulsion

MC question 10

B. Have a modest positive effect on obsessive-compulsive disorder

MC question 11

B. Panic Disorder

MC question 12

B. Hippocampus

MC question 13

B. Agoraphobia is the fear and avoidance of situations or public places that are seen as unsafe.

MC question 14

A. The amygdala reacts more violently to emotional stimuli and the medial prefrontal cortex is less active.

MC question 15

B. In the sympathetic nervous system

MC question 16

A. Depression.

MC question 17

A. Systematic desensitization

MC question 18

B. People have trouble throwing away their belongings, regardless of value.

MC question 19

B. Both the adrenal cortical system and the autonomic nervous system

MC question 20

B. The limbic system

MC question 21

A. Obsessions are thoughts, images or ideas that are persistent and uncontrollable, and that often cause anxiety or stress.

MC question 22

B. The fear is often focused on many different, small daily events.

Example answers Open questions with chapter 5

Open question 1

Possible symptoms are:

• Palpitations

• Sweating

• Shaking and tremors

• Shortness of breath or a feeling of suffocation

• Pain or pressure on the chest

• Nausea or abdominal pain

• Dizziness, lightheaded

• Derealisation or depersonalization

• Fear of losing control or going crazy

• Fear of dying

• Cold chills or hot flushes

• A stinging or burning sensation on the skin

What types of somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders do we distinguish? - ExamTests 6

MC-questions with chapter 6

MC question 1

What is the difference between somatic symptom disorders and psychosomatic disorders?

1. Both terms describe the same phenomenon.

2. People with somatic symptom disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological state. People with psychosomatic disorders do not have diseases with a physical cause.

3. People with psychosomatic disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological condition. People with somatic symptom disorder do not have a disease with a physical cause.

MC question 2

Which of the following disorders is not a somatic symptom disorder?

1. Conversion disorder

2. Illness anxiety disorder

3. Factitious disorder

4. A dissociative identity disorder

MC question 3

If someone loses the feeling for the reality of the external world, there is talk of ..

1. Dissociation

2. Derealisation

MC question 4

Marieke has recently experienced a traumatic car accident. As a result, she can suddenly no longer move her right arm. What kind of disorder does Marieke suffer from?

1. Pain Disorder

2. Functional Neurological Disorder

MC question 5

Someone deliberately acts as if he or she has a disease to receive medical attention. In the case of this person there is ...

1. A factitious disorder

2. malingering

MC question 6

Which form (s) of amnesia is often caused by a psychological event?

1. Retrograde amnesia

2. Both anterograde and retrograde amnesia

MC question 7

What disorder is there when someone feels that he or she is disconnected from his or her thoughts and body?

1. A dissociative fugue

2. A depersonalization disorder

MC question 8

In which disorder is it possible for a 100 personalities or fragments of personalities to exist side by side in one body and mind?

1. Depersonalization Disorder

2. Dissociative Identity Disorder

MC question 9

In which kind of amnesia is an individual unable to remember important personal information?

1. Organic, retrograde amnesia

2. Dissociative amnesia

MC question 10

Consider the following statement: Antidepressants can have a positive effect on the treatment of a dissociative identity disorder. Is this statement true or not true?

1. This statement is true

2. This statement is not true

MC question 11

What shows that people with a dissociative identity disorder use dissociation to relax reality?

1. From the fact that they are easy to hypnotize

2. From the fact that they can stay hypnotized for a long time once they are hypnotized

MC question 12

What is derealisation?

1. A relapse in the process of behavioral change

2. The feeling that everything around you 'is not real'

MC question 13

Dissociation is a rather rare phenomenon.

1. False, dissociation is a normal phenomenon and often occurs with fatigue or stress

2. True, only 2 - 3% of the population ever experiences it

Answers MC-questions with chapter 6

MC question 1

C. People with psychosomatic disorders have a physical illness, which is exacerbated by their psychological state. People with somatic symptom disorders do not have diseases with a physical cause.

MC question 2

D. A dissociative identity disorder. This disorder is part of the dissociative disorders.

MC question 3

B. Derealisation

MC question 4

B. Functional Neurological Disorder

MC question 5

A. A factitious disorder

MC question 6

A. Retrograde amnesia

MC question 7

B. Depersonalization disorder

MC question 8

B. Dissociative identity disorder

MC question 9

B. Dissociative amnesia

MC question 10

A. This statement is true

MC question 11

A. From the fact that they are easy to hypnotize

MC question 12

B. The feeling that everything around you 'is not real'

MC question 13

A. Not true, dissociation is a normal phenomenon and often occurs in case of fatigue or stress.

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