Gerontology - B3 - Psychologie - RUG - Oefententamen 2012

Questions

1. The swan-song phenomenon refers to:

2. Until recently a two-stages-of-life viewpoint was prevalent in developmental psychology. According to this perspective, physical and psychological functions were thought to:

3. Unlike formal knoledge, tacit knowlege……

4. Wich theorie gives an ultimate explanation of aging?

5. Cheetah, the famous chimpanzee from the tarzan movie, recently died in a Florida primate sanctuary, ande according to the news he was 80 years old. Wich statement has become more likely because of this information?

6. In which research design are the results NOT influenced by historic developments?

7. According to the ecological model of aging, negative affect and maladaptive behaviour will occur:

8. Diseases that most often cause death are not always the same for younger and older adults. In the European Union we see the following change(s) from 60-85+:

9. What is characteristic for the quasi-experimental approach in conducting aging research?

10. What is de Hayflick number and why is it less important for explaining brain cell aging?

11. In older adults, subjective wellbeing and objective health can be quite different. Genetic differences may play an important role. Which statement best describes the findings in the literature?

12. What is presbyopia?

13. According to Parker and Thorslund, health trends in the older population suggest that a concept of general morbidity is not sufficient. Which statement best fit their conclusion:

14. Which working memory processes are least impaired by primary aging?

15. Older adults perform poorer in free recall memory tests than in cued recall tests. This is primarily caused by:

16. When growing older, people can modify behavior to age succesfully. Which statement fit best in the framework of succesful aging according to Baltes?

17. A recent theory about aging and social relations is the socio-emotional selectivity theory of Cartensen (SESEL-Theory). This theory explains the preference for emotionally immediately gratifying social relations over non-personal factual relationships aimed at future gains from:

18. What are delirium characteristics:

19. Salthouse found that in adults the quality of crossword puzzle performance was better in 70 years old than in 50 year olds. This is probably explained by:

20. What was the most important result of “the nun-study” and how is this explained?

21. Which of the adaptive processes often used by older persons could be described as a primary control process?

22. What is the last stage of Erikson

23. Van Wolffelaar and colleagues studied turning right or left on an intersection in younger and older adult drivers. What did they find?

24. Starting from Aubrey de Grey’s discussion about how to counteract the negative effect of aging, three approaches were distinguished. What are these approaches?

25. What is meant with ‘democratization of aging’?

26. Research on the relationship between chronologica lage and how old a person feels found that Young adults………………….. and older aldults feel……………

27. Many traditional psychometric tests of intelligence measure abilities that children or young adults use in school. Some psychologists have argued that psychometric tests are not appropriate for measuring the cognitive skills older adults use in their everyday lives. These psychologists are worried about the …………………………………. when they are used for older adults.

28. John has difficulty remembering names when he is introduced to people, so he tries to associate a person’s name with some aspect of the person’s facial features. This is an example of a(n)

29. Retirement is least likely to have negative consequences when individuals……………………

30. One study tested how effective a combination of reminiscence therapy and reality oriëntation therapy or either one by itself would be in improving the cognitive and behavioral functioning of nursing home residents. Which resulted in the greatest benefit?

31. Which metamodel places the heaviest emphasis on the nurture (extrinsic, or environmental) side of the nature-nurture debate?

32. Useful Field Of View (UFOV) ………………….

33. What is the “communication predicament of aging model” about?

34. In prospective memory studies that are conducted under controlled laboratory conditions tasks may be either event-based or time-based. Which is most likely to show age-related decline?

35. According to Woodruff-Pak, the Phase IV perspective of those who studied aging and intelligence focuses on…………

36. Which of the subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) shows the greatest age-related decline in number of points obtained?

37. Wich founding father of modern gerontology proposed to study aging as a natural lawful process occuring over the life span?

38. According to McAdams’ Life Story Model:

39. Research studies on marital satisfaction indicate that:

40. A longitudinal study described in your book tested the level of self esteem and depression over a two-year time period in workers who either remained in the labor force or retired during the study, what were the results?

41. A research about european american caregivers for dementia en African american caregivers showed that:

42. How is it called when someone is adjusting to the death of a loved-one?

43. The third age is considered to be:

44. According to the (social) convoy model:

45. Research by Clarke et al. Found that source of greatest conflict that adult children report having with their older parents is:

46. Risk factor(s) for depression in older adults under the age of 80 is (are):

47. The role of the APOE epsilon 4allele is being studied in relation to:

48. Postformal thought:

49. In wich country do women have the greatest advantage of life expectancy over men?

Answers

1. A resurgence in creative output in the later years of many artists and composers

2. Develop a peak point in Young adulthood but decline after that

3. Is often inferred from the actions or indirect statements of others

4. Disposable soma theory

5. The age of full maturity for champanzees is higher than currently assumed

6. Cross-sectional design

7. When environmental demands are low and compentence is low/high

8. Cardiovasculair diseases will more often be the cause and cancer less often

9. At least one of the independent variables is orgasmic

10. It indicates how many times a cell can divide and brain cells don't divide

11. The heredity component in subjective wellbeing is more than 50%

12. A primary aging process involving the eye lens

13. Older persons of the future are healthier and will require more health care resources

14. Maintenance rehearsel

15. Less alaborative encoding and retrieval processes

16. Reducing time pressure by anticipating changes of behavior

17. A change in the future perspective, Biologica lage

18. It develops over a short period of the variable and variable progress over a period of 24 hours

19. Learning effects

20. In spite of brain damage by Alzheimer pathology, nuns who had a high education as a child and Young adult were not often demented thanks to brain reserve capacity

21. Retirement

22. Integrity vs. Despair

23. The decisions of the older Group were equally accurate but slower

24. The gerontological, geriatric and psychological approach

25. Average life expectancy has strongly increased in the last 100 years

26. Just about their age, younger than they are

27. Ecological validity of psychometric tests

28. Internal mnemonic technique

29. Choose to retire at a stage of life typical for their culture

30. A combination of both therapies, but with reality oriëntation therapy coming first

31. The mechanistic model

32. Is a significant predictor of driving performance and crash frequency

33. A younger adult using patronizing speech in communicating with an old person

34. Time based laboratory tasks

35. New ways to define and measure intelligence, qualitative and quantitative measures

36. Digit number substitution

37. Quetelet

38. Individuals construct a personal myth to make sens of their lives

39. The arrival of children puts a strain on a marriage, but marital relationships improve once children are launched and living independently

40. Depression scores declined in the retirees but not in the workers

41. The European American caregivers experience more stress than the African American caregivers

42. Bereavement

43. An extension of middle age but without the work and childrearing responsibilities

44. There is a social network of emotionally close others that moves with a person throughout life

45. Communication styles including critizism

46. Being female, having a chronic illness, stressfull life events involving loss

47. Alzheimer's disease

48. Involves being able to deal with conflict and multiple perspectives

49. Russia