Boeksamenvattingen, BulletPoints en ExamTickets bij How Children Develop van Siegler
Summaries and study notes with the 6th edition of How Children Develop by Siegler et al. - Bundle
Summaries and study notes with the 6th edition of How Children Develop by Siegler et al.
- What is the book about?
- Summaries per chapter
- ExamTests per chapter
- Related summaries and study notes with How Children Develop by Siegler et al.
Summaries and study notes with How Children Develop by Siegler et al. - Bundle
Summaries and study notes with How Children Develop by Siegler et al.
- Summaries and study notes with the 6th edition
- Summaries and study notes with the 5th edition
- Showcased summaries and study notes with developmental psychology
ExamTickets - How Children Develop from Siegler e.a. - 5th edition
Exam Tickets
- Genotype and phenotype can be separated because in genotype the word 'gene' is present. Phenotype begins with the 'ph' = physical: external characteristics.
- A tip to keep crystallized and fluid intelligence apart: a crystal needs a long time to form, so crystallized intelligence is the form of intelligence that gradually gets higher and higher during life, because more and more knowledge is being collected. On the other hand, fluid intelligence has a peak during the 20th year of life, which you can remember when you are around your 20th life year in your most optimal physical state, in which (among other things) your sporting performances will be at its peak. In addition, fluid intelligence requires a certain degree of flexibility because it is about understanding relationships between concepts that are new. Flexibility also decreases with aging.
- Chapter 16 is one of the most important chapters from the entire book. Here the core principles from the book are treated once again; in addition, connections are made between all the different subjects. This chapter is therefore important to understand and know well.
- Three reasons why the development of children is studied: (1) to help parents learn how to deal with negative emotions of their children, (2) to develop a responsible policy and (3) to better understand the nature of people.
- A tip for separating and visualizing reliability and validity. Imagine yourself a dartboard, you want to get your darts in the bullseye. Imagine, you have ten arrows ('measurements') and you throw them all in the bull's eye: in the statistics your research would now be both valid (because you have thrown them all into the bullseye) and are reliable (all measurements sit at the same point). However, suppose that the measurements are all at the top left of the dartboard, your measurement is reliable (repetition provides the same result), but not valid (not in the rose).
- The development process of the fertilized egg consists of four processes, to be remembered with the letters M-Cm-Cd-A: M itose: cell division, this takes place from 12 hours after fertilization; Celmigration: the displacement of newly formed cells away from their original location; Celdifferentiation: all embryonic stem cells can develop in any type of cell, these cells will now specialize in structure and function; Apoptose: cell killing, here, for example, the membranes between fingers and toes are removed.
- REM and non-REM sleep can be distinguished by remembering that the letters REM represent Rapid Eye Movement, REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and is thus an active sleep phase, while the non-REM sleep is not.
- Piagets theory consists of the following stages, which are to remember with S - PO - CO - FO: the phase sensorimotoric, preoperational phase, the concrete operational phase, and the formal operational phase.
- To summarize how the different theories, describe learning of the child: Piaget's theory sees a child
How Children Develop by Siegler, Deloache & Eisenberg - Practice Questions
Questions
1. Why and how is child development studied?
1. Which statement is true?
- It is not possible to suppose that children tell the truth in court.
- Specifically, young children are susceptible for suggestive questioning, when questions are repeated again and again.
- A. Only statement 1 is true.
- B. Only statement 2 is true.
- C. Both statements are true.
- D. Both statements are false.
2. Which statement is true? Children can experience negative effects when they...
- A. Have been in an unstable environment longer than 1 month after birth.
- B. Have been in an unstable environment longer than 3 months after birth.
- C. Have been in an unstable environment longer than 6 months after birth.
- D. Have been in an unstable environment longer than 1 year after birth.
3. Which general conclusion can be drawn about continuous/discontinuous development, despite some disagreement over the topic?
- A. Development is mainly a continuous process.
- B. Development is mainly a discontinuous process, as proved in the stage theories.
- C. It depends on how you look at it and how often you look.
- D. Development is sometimes a continuous and sometimes a discontinuous process.
2. What does prenatal development look like?
1. When does a fertilized egg be called 'fetus'?
- A. Directly after conception.
- B. After three weeks.
- C. After nine weeks.
- D. After three months.
2. What is cell differentiation?
- A. The process that takes place 12 hours after fertilization.
- B. The process whereby cells specialize in structure and function.
- C. The process of movement of newly formed cells away from their original location.
- D. The process whereby redundant cells are destroyed.
3. Which of the following is no consequence of being small for gestational age?
- A. Learning problems.
- B. Social problems.
- C. Increased risk of infections.
- D. Insufficient growth.
3. What is the relation between nature and nurture?
1. Which of the following is true?
- Adoption studies examine whether siblings who grew up apart, are more different than siblings who were raised together.
- Adoptive twin studies compare identical twins who grew up together versus identical twins who were raised apart.
- A. Only statement 1 is true.
- B. Only statement 2 is true.
- C. Both statements are true.
- D. Both statements are false.
2. Which statement about heritability is true?
- A. Heritability gives information about certain populations.
- B. Heritability gives information about individuals.
- C. High heritability means that a certain trait is unchangeable.
- D. Heritability gives information about differences between certain groups.
4. Which theories of cognitive development exist?
1. Which concept of Piaget is defined by the following: The process by which people process incoming information according to concepts they already understand.
- A. Modification
- B. Equilibration
- C. Assimilation
- D. Accommodation
2. Which of the following is the right order of Piaget's stages?
- A. Sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage.
- B. Sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, formal operational stage, concrete operational stage.
- C. Preoperational stage, sensorimotor stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage.
- D. Preoperational stage, sensorimotor stage, formal operational stage, concrete operational
How Children Develop by Siegler, Deloache & Eisenberg - BulletPoints (EN)
Why and how is child development studied? - BulletPoint 1
- Plato argued that self-control for children and discipline for parents are the purpose of good parenting and education. He also believed that knowledge is innate. Aristotle stressed the importance of the individual character of children. Hereby, the quality of parenting is important. Aristotle believed that knowledge is acquired through experiences. Locke argued that parents should raise their children with discipline.
- Nature is our biological heritage, the genes we receive from our parents, the innate aspects of a human being. Nurture is the environment, both physical and social, influencing our development, the acquired aspects of a human being. Nature and nurture interact. The genome (the complete set of hereditary information) influences behavior and experiences, but behavior and experiences also influence the genome. This discovery has given rise to the epigenetics, the study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment. Evidence for the enduring epigenetic impact of early experiences and behaviors comes from research on methylation, a biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes. To conclude, both genes and environment are important in development.
- A continuous development is the idea that changes with age occur gradually, in small steps, quantity is important. A discontinuous development is the idea that changes with age include sudden large steps, quality is important. According to the stage theories, development consists of four large steps which are discontinuous, and age related. One of the best-known stage theories is Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the development of thinking and reasoning. This theory holds that children go through four stages of cognitive growth, each characterized by distinct intellectual abilities and ways of understanding the world. However, many researchers have concluded that developmental changes are mostly gradual.
- In the development of effortful attention, brain activity, genes and learning experiences play a role. Effortful attention involves voluntary control of one's emotions and thoughts. Difficulty in exerting effortful attention is associated with different behavioral problems.
- The scientific method is an approach to test beliefs that involves choosing a question, formulating a hypothesis (testable predictions of the presence or absence of phenomena or relations), testing the hypothesis, and drawing a conclusion. Different measures exist to test hypotheses. These measures need to possess reliability, validity and relevance to the hypothesis. Reliability is the degree to which independent measurements of a given behavior are consistent. Interrater reliability is the amount of agreement in the observations of different raters who witness the same behavior. Test-retest reliability is the degree of similarity of a participant's performance on two or more occasions. Validity is the degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. Internal validity is the degree to which effects observed within experiments can be attributed to the factor that the researcher is testing. External validity is the degree to which results can be generalized beyond the particulars of the research.
What does prenatal development look like? – BulletPoint 2
- Gametes
Samenvatting How Children Develop 5e editie - Siegler, et al.
Nederlandse samenvatting met Engelse bulletpoints en oefenvragen van het boek How Children Develop, 5e editie, geschreven door R. Siegler, J. R. Saffran, N. Eisenberg, J. DeLoache en E. Gershoff.
How Children Develop - Siegler, Deloache & Eisenberg samenvatting bij de 4e druk
- Waarom onderzoeken we de ontwikkeling van een kind? - 1
- Wat zijn historische ideeën over de ontwikkeling van een kind?
- Welke aspecten in de ontwikkeling van een kind zijn belangrijk?
- Welke methoden zijn er om de ontwikkeling van een kind te bestuderen?
- Welke ethische kwesties zijn er?
- Hoe verloopt de prenatale ontwikkeling? - 2
- Wat is het ontwikkelingsproces voor de geboorte?
- Welke ongelukken kunnen er gebeuren bij prenatale ontwikkeling?
- Hoe verloopt de geboorte?
- Welke negatieve gevolgen kunnen zich na de geboorte voordoen?
- Welke genetische en omgevingsinvloeden zijn er? - 3
- Wat is gedragsgenetica?
- Hoe verloopt de ontwikkeling van de hersenen?
- Welke processen vinden er in de hersenen plaats?
- Hoe verloopt de groei en ontwikkeling van het lichaam?
- Welke theorieën over cognitieve ontwikkeling zijn er? - 4
- Waar richt de theorie van Piaget zich op?
- Wat zegt de information-processing theorie van Klahr?
- Wat is kenmerkend aan een kennistheorie?
- Waaruit bestaan socio-culturele theorieën?
- Wat zijn dynamische systeemtheorieën?
- Wat is het verband tussen zien, denken en doen? - 5
- Hoe verloopt de visuele ontwikkeling en welke definities zijn belangrijk?
- Hoe verloopt de auditieve ontwikkeling?
- Wanneer ontwikkelt het vermogen tot proeven en ruiken zich?
- Waarom is de tast belangrijk voor baby's?
- Wat is inter-modale perceptie?
- Hoe verloopt de motorische ontwikkeling?
- Welke manieren van leren hanteren baby's?
- Hoe verloopt de taalontwikkeling? - 6
- Welke componenten heeft taal?
- Op welke manier kunnen we taal begrijpen?
- Wat is het proces van taal?
- Welke theorieën over taalontwikkeling zijn er?
- Hoe werkt het gebruik van non-verbale symbolen in de ontwikkeling?
- Hoe verloopt de conceptuele ontwikkeling? - 7
- Op welke manier kunnen kinderen dingen onderscheiden?
- Wat is er nodig om andere mensen en jezelf te begrijpen?
- Op welke manier nemen we kennis van levende dingen?
- Hoe begrijpen we waar, wanneer, waarom en hoeveel?
- Wat is intelligentie en hoe ontwikkelt het zich? - 8
- Hoe kun je intelligentie beschrijven?
- Hoe kan intelligentie gemeten worden?
- Welke invloed hebben genen en omgeving?
- Welke alternatieve perspectieven zijn er?
- Hoe ontstaat het vermogen tot lezen?
- Hoe ontstaat het vermogen tot schrijven?
- Hoe ontstaat het vermogen tot rekenen?
- Welke theorieën over sociale ontwikkeling bestaan er? - 9
- Welke invloed hebben psychoanalytische theorieën?
- Waar richten leertheorieën zich op?
- Wat is de kern van sociaal-cognitieve theorieën?
- Waar richten ecologische theorieën zich op?
- Hoe verloopt de emotionele ontwikkeling? - 10
- Wat zijn positieve emoties?
- Wat zijn negatieve emoties?
- Wat zijn zelfbewuste emoties?
- Welke kenmerken heeft depressie bij kinderen?
- Hoe gaat het reguleren van emoties in zijn werk?
- Waarom is het begrijpen van emoties belangrijk?
- Wat is hechting en hoe ontwikkelt het zich?
Add new contribution