In the book, different theories on sexuality are described. The psychological theories that are mentioned are psychoanalytic theories, learning theories and cognitive theories. The book focuses on criticism on these theories as well. Evolutionary and sociological theories are described as well. Sexuality is a central aspect of human being throughout life and encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction. Sex has different functions: Procreation (fertility), relationship (bonding of individuals, intimacy, confirmation of being human/a man/a woman), or recreation (pleasure, relaxation, dealing with emotions, et cetera). Sexuality evolves around psychological factors, biological/physical factors, and social factors. They all have influence on sexuality and they influence one another (the bio-psycho-social model of sexuality). Sexology is the scientific interdisciplinary study of sexuality...
Lecture notes with Sexology at Leiden UniversityIn the book, different theories on sexuality are described. The psychological theories that are mentioned are psychoanalytic theories, learning theories and cognitive theories. The book focuses on criticism on these theories as well. Evolutionary and sociological theories are described as well.
Sexuality is a central aspect of human being throughout life and encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy, and reproduction. Sex has different functions: Procreation (fertility), relationship (bonding of individuals, intimacy, confirmation of being human/a man/a woman), or recreation (pleasure, relaxation, dealing with emotions, et cetera). Sexuality evolves around psychological factors, biological/physical factors, and social factors. They all have influence on sexuality and they influence one another (the bio-psycho-social model of sexuality). Sexology is the scientific interdisciplinary study of sexuality.
Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; and it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or disability. Sexual health is the ability to sexually adapt and self-manage in the face of life’s physical, psychological and social challenges.
Values and norms influence how people view sexual behavior, desires, and also problems. Sexuality has time- and culture-specific issues. For example, in the 18th century, masturbation was perceived as a cause for disease. However, in the 20th century, we started to perceive masturbation as an effective treatment; in this case to solve female orgasmic disorders. Sigmund Freud was the first to make the transition to a more scientific study of sexuality. His ideas on sexuality, though nowadays controversial, are and have been influential.
Freud introduced the term libido; it is the subjective experience of a physical need for sex. According to Freud, the libido is fuelled by the sexual instincts. “Its source is a state of excitation in the body”. A sexual instinct was, according to him, an internal mechanism. Freud perceived it
.....read more Notes Sexology (EN/NL), Leiden UniversityBevat aantekeningen bij de hoorcolleges uit 2015/2016.
Seksualiteit is een centraal aspect van de mens door het leven heen en hieronder valt seks, geslacht, identiteit en rollen, seksuele oriëntatie en identiteit, erotiek, plezier, intimiteit en voortplanten. Seks wordt geassocieerd met relaties, recreatie en voortplanting. Sommige mensen gebruiken seks om in slaap te kunnen vallen en dit wordt ook wel soporific gebruik van seks genoemd.
Seksuele gezondheid is een staat van fysiek, emotioneel, mentaal en sociaal welzijn in relatie met seksualiteit. Dit is dus niet alleen niet ziek zijn en geen disfunctie of kwalen hebben. Seksueel gezond zijn, houdt in dat er geen sprake is van discriminatie, geweld of dwang.
Seksuologie is biologisch, psychologisch en sociaal. Seksualiteit wordt gebaseerd op tijd en cultuur.
Vroeger was men van mening dat je door te masturberen, blind kon worden. De theorie van Freud gaat over libido. Honger naar eten is een interne, biologische drive die lijkt op de honger naar seks of libido. Het is een constante kracht, die sterker is in mannen die in vrouwen. Vrouwen hebben namelijk last van nymfomanie, als ze een te sterke seks drive hebben.
Pre-genital: kinderen van leeftijden 2-5 verkennen orale, anale en fallische/Oedipus gebieden.
Latency: kinderen van leeftijden 6-12 zij niet echt bezig met hun seksuele ontwikkeling. Dit kan komen door sociaal leren, omdat kinderen van kleins af aan wordt geleerd, dat seksueel gedrag ongepast is.
Genital: kinderen van leeftijden 12 en ouder verkennen hun seksualiteit verder.
Freud had ook een theorie over vrouwen, waarin vrouwen serieuze problemen zouden hebben, als ze geen vaginaal orgasme kunnen hebben. Dit kan dan voorkomen dat ze bijvoorbeeld psychoanalist worden (Marie Bonaparte). Dit valt te ‘genezen’ met een Haldan clitoris relocatie, die voor zenuwschade zorgde.
Krafft-Ebing kwamen
Summary Chapter 1 t/m 5: Understanding Human Sexuality van Hyde e.a. Sexual behaviour is a diverse phenomenon and occurs in several physical situations, social contexts and is experienced differently by everyone. Everyone has a complex set of motivations and external influences that determine the decision to engage in sexual behaviour. It is difficult to answer all the questions about sexuality within one discipline. The study of sexuality is important for the following reasons:
The definition of gender is whether someone is male, female or other, such as trans. However, sometimes the word sex is used to describe gender, for example on a job application form. Most of the times sex refers to sexual behaviour, or reproduction. The ambiguity in the use of the word sex causes confusion. In the context of this book, the term sex describes sexual activity and gender refers to being male, female or other. Besides the ambiguity in the use of the word sex, there are other problems with the difference between sex and gender. A lot of contemporary research is based on the gender binary, this is the notion that there are only two genders, being male and female. Also, the activities that are included in sex are debatable. Biologists describe sex as every behaviour that can cause the encounter of an egg-cell and sperm-cell. However, sexual behaviour is not only used for reproduction, but also for recreation. Therefore, in this book, sexual behaviour is described as behaviour that cause arousal and increases the chance of an orgasm.
Until about one hundred years ago the sexual available knowledge came from religious sources. The ancient Greek already told myths about the existence of hetero -and homosexuality. This way they could understand these sexual orientations. In Christianity they believed that having
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Sexology: lecture notes - Leiden University - 2018/2019Here you can find the lecture notes of sexology from last year (check out Sexology - UL B2/B3 - StudyBundle) and the updates to that from this year.
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