The Competencies Bundle: content and contributions about competence and skills improvement
Glossary of Academic Skills for the Social and Psychological Sciences
Chapter 1: Literature
Literature review A detailed overview of the significant literature available about your chosen topic, providing a discussion and critical evaluation, and using clear argument to contextualise and justify your research. (p. 4)
Peer review The process of evaluating an article by experts to ensure the article meets quality criteria before being accepted for publication. (p. 9)
Textbooks Written specifically for audiences such as students or professionals. Material usually presented in an ordered and relatively accessible form. Often draw on a wide range of sources including peer-reviewed academic journal articles. Useful, particularly as an introductory source to get an overview of your research topic and find out who are the recognised experts. (p. 10)
Peer-reviewed academic journal articles Provide detailed reports of research. Articles written by experts in the field and evaluated by other academics (peer reviewers) to assess quality and suitability. Pay rigorous attention to detail and verification of information. Usually contains extensive list of references. Before publication, have usually been revise in response to comments. This is the most useful type for your literature review. Not all academic journal articles are peer-reviewed. (p. 10)
Non-refereed academic journal articles Articles may provide detailed reports of research. Articles selected by an editor or editorial board with subject knowledge. Relevance and usefulness varies considerably. Beware of possible bias. (p. 10)
Professional and trade journal articles Articles written for members of professional or trade organisations, so related to their needs. Consist of a mix of news items and more detailed accounts of a practical nature. Articles rarely based on research, although some provide summaries of research. Can provide useful insights into practice, although may be biased. Need to be used with considerable caution. (p. 10)
Newspaper articles Articles written for members of public, most newspapers addressing a particular market segment. News presented is filtered dependent on events, priority being given to headline-grabbing stories that are likely to appeal to the readers. Good source of topical events and developments. May contain bias in reporting and coverage. (p. 10)
Conference proceedings Articles consist of selected papers presented at a conference, often published as a book or special edition of a journal. Usually peer-reviewed. Increasingly available online. Sometimes difficult to find. Very useful if the theme of the conference matches your research. (p. 10)
Reports Reports on specific topics written by academics and various organisations, including market research organisations and government departments. Beware of possible bias. May not have gone through same review process as peer-reviewed academic journal articles, but those from established organisations are often of high quality. Often difficult to access or expensive
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Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change - Battilana, Gilmartin, Sengul, Pache & Alexander - 2010 - Artikel
De meeste leiderschapsstudies houden zich niet bezig met de complexiteit van intra-organisatorische processen, waaronder veranderingsimplementatie processen, die verschillende activiteiten met zich mee brengen. In deze studie wordt er beweerd dat het waarschijnlijk is dat managers verschillende activiteiten benadrukken in de geplande organisatieverandering implementatie, afhankelijk van de mix van hun leiderschapscompetenties.
Effectief leiderschap en de bekrachtiging van geplande organisatieverandering
In deze studie wordt het taak-georiënteerde en persoons-georiënteerde model gebruikt. Taak-georiënteerde vaardigheden zijn gerelateerd aan organisatie structuur, ontwerp en controle en het vaststellen van routines om organisatiedoelen en doelstellingen te halen. Persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden omvat gedrag dat collaboratieve interactie tussen organisatiewerknemers stimuleert, een ondersteunend sociaal klimaat vaststelt en managementpraktijken stimuleert die gelijke behandeling van werknemers verzekert.
Effectiviteit van de twee verschillende soorten vereist verschillende, maar gerelateerde groepen bekwaamheden. Effectiviteit van taak-georiënteerd gedrag staat of valt met het vermogen om taakeisen duidelijk te maken en taken te structureren rondom de missie en doelen van de organisatie. Effectiviteit van persoons-georiënteerd gedrag berust op het vermogen om rekening te houden met anderen als ook het rekening houden met je eigen emoties en die van anderen. Afhankelijk van de mix van deze leiderschapscompetenties wordt er een verschillende nadruk gelegd op de activiteiten die nodig zijn bij het implementeren van organisatieverandering.
Deze activiteiten bestaan uit communiceren, mobiliseren en evalueren. Communiceren: activiteiten die leiders uitvoeren om de noodzaak van verandering uit te leggen en hun visie te delen met de werknemers. Mobiliseren: acties die leiders uitvoeren om support van collega’s te krijgen en de inwerkingtreding van nieuwe werkroutines te aanvaarden. Evalueren: maatstaven die leiders gebruiken om de impact van de implementatie te volgen en vast te stellen en veranderingen te institutionaliseren.
Communiceren van de noodzaak van organisatieverandering
Leiders die veranderingen doorvoeren moeten de noodzaak van deze verandering communiceren met hun werknemers. De werknemers moeten begrijpen waarom gedrag en routines moeten worden veranderd.
Hypothese 1a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.
Hypothese 1b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn minder goed in het communiceren van de noodzaak van verandering dan andere leiders.
Mobiliseren van anderen om verandering te accepteren
Tijdens implementatie moeten leiders hun werknemers mobiliseren om de veranderingen te accepteren en toe te passen in hun dagelijkse routines. Mobiliseren is moeilijk doordat er verschillende persoonlijke en beroepsdoelen zijn, en dus verschillende opvattingen over de verandering. Mobiliseren brengt zowel taak als persoons-georiënteerde vaardigheden met zich mee.
Hypothese 2a: leiders die meer persoons-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.
Hypothese 2b: leiders die meer taak-georiënteerd zijn, zijn beter in staat werknemers te mobiliseren dan andere leiders.
Evalueren van de implementatie van de verandering
Leiders moeten
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How do stress, coping, adaptation and health affect personality? - Chapter 18 - Exclusive
Health psychology focuses on the influence of psychological and behavioral factors on health, often in combination with the environment. Stress is central to this.
What models of personality are there?
What is the interactional model?
The interactional model suggests that personality factors determine the impact of events, because they determine how someone deals with the situation. Personality would thus influence coping. How someone deals with an event determines the degree of stress caused by that event. However, a limitation of this model is that stable coping strategies have never been found.
What is the transactional model?
The transactional model does things differently. According to this model, personality has three potential effects:
- Personality can influence coping.
- Personality can affect how the person interprets an event.
- Personality can influence the event itself.
It is not the event that causes stress here, but rather how it is dealt with. This model is called transactional because of the person's influence on the event and the person's appreciation. There is mutual influence.
What is the health and behavior model?
A third model is the health and behavior model. This assumes that personality does not directly influence the degree of stress or illness, but that it indirectly influences stress or illness through certain behaviors, such as unsafe sex or overeating. The less healthy someone is, the greater the chance of experiencing more stress.
What is the disease and behavior model?
Another model is the disease and behavior model. In this model, disease is explained as the presence of an objectively measurable abnormal physiological process, such as fever, high blood pressure, or a tumor. Abnormal or sick behavior is about the way people behave when they think they are sick. Personality determines the degree of sick behavior, whether or not in combination with a real illness.
According to the predispositional model, associations exist between personality and illness because of a third variable that affects both, namely predisposition. The predisposition can exist for stable individual personality differences and for specific illnesses.
What is stress?
Stress is a subjective feeling that is the result of uncontrollable and threatening events (stressors). These are often extreme situations with unpleasant consequences that cannot be influenced. Stress can be divided into low sources of stress in daily life (daily hassles) and important life events (major life events). Major life events are associated with intensity, conflict and uncontrollability. Positive things can also be very stressful, for example a marriage, a move or a promotion. People with a lot of stress in their lives have many psychological and physiological symptoms. Possible responses to stress
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Psychological communication: Theories, roles and skills for counsellors by van der Molen, Lang, Trower, & Look (second edition) – Book summary
This bundle contains a summary of the following chapters for the book Psychological communication: Theories, roles and skills for counsellors by van der Molen, Lang, Trower, & Look: 2, 5, 6, 7,
The Competenties Bundel: blogs and bijdragen over vaardigheden en competenties
Bijdragen en blogs over vaardigheden en competenties
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