What is the science of psychology? - Chapter 1 - Exclusive
What is the science of psychology? - Chapter 1
...........Read more- 809 reads
What is the science of psychology? - Chapter 1
...........Read moreWhich research methods are used in psychology? - Chapter 2
...........Read moreHow does biology influence behavior? - Chapter 3
...........Read moreWhat is the difference between conscious and unconscious processes? - Chapter 4
...........Read moreHow do the processes of perception and sensation work? - Chapter 5
...........Read moreHow do we learn? - Chapter 6
...........Read moreHow does memory work? - Chapter 7
...........Read moreWhat is the psychological view on thinking, language and intelligence? - Chapter 8
...........Read moreWhat is the psychological perspective on human development? - Chapter 9
...........Read moreHow do emotions and motivations work? - Chapter 10
...........Read moreWhich factors can influence health and well-being? - Chapter 11
...........Read moreWhat is social psychology? - Chapter 12
...........Read moreHow does psychology view personality? - Chapter 13
...........Read moreWhat are different psychological disorders? - Chapter 14
...........Read moreHow are psychological disorders treated? - Chapter 15
...........Read morePsychological science is the study of mind, brain and behaviour. Mind stands for mental activity, such as thoughts, feelings and perceptions. Mental activity is the result of biological (chemical) processes within the brain. Behaviour describes the totality of observable human (or animal) actions.
One of the aims of this textbook is to learn to think more critically. A critical attitude is required towards all kinds of information, especially information that seems logical. Scientists have to learn to be sceptical. Critical thinking involves systematic questioning and evaluation of the information at hand. It is important to ask critical questions and not to take information for granted. Critical thinkers have to look for alternative explanations of behaviour. Critical thinking involves looking for alternative explanations, detecting weak use of evidence and the use of logic. In addition, it is important to be open to new information and to examine whether a study might be influenced by personal or political interests. Also, think whether the used research designs are appropriate.
The aim of contemporary psychology is to understand mental activity and behaviour in humans. A psychologist tries to understand and predict the mental activity and behaviour and he looks at how people are being influenced by individual, social and biological factors. People are intuitive psychologists who try to understand and predict the behaviour of others, however, conclusions drawn based on intuition are often wrong. The science of psychology refers to research on the mind, the brain and behaviour. Mind is the mental activity, such a thoughts, feelings and perceptions. For example, when you are smelling fresh baked cookies you might think about times when you were a child helping your mother baking cookies. Mental activity is the result of biological (chemical) processes within the brain. The association between mind and brain has been discussed for years. Behaviour refers to observable actions in which humans and animals can engage. For a long time, behaviour was seen as the only objective measurement of the mind. The purpose of psychology is to understand mental activity, how people react differently to social situations and how to teach people healthy and unhealthy behaviours.
One of the aims of this textbook is to learn to think more critically. A critical attitude is required towards all kinds of information, especially information that seems logical. Scientists have to learn to be sceptical. Critical thinking involves systematic questioning and evaluation of the information at hand. It is important to ask critical questions and not to take information for granted. Often seemingly logical explanations are used for certain phenomena, for instance that listening to Mozart’s music makes babies more intelligent.
.....read moreCognitive neuroscience got its name in the late seventies. Cognition means the process of understanding and neuroscience studies the organization and function of the nervous system. The major limitation that was present in the past was that there was no method to systematically and experimentally examine the psyche. Willis was the first to relate specific brain damage to behavioral disruptions. He developed a theory that described how information is transported through the brain (neuronal conduction). Thus, Willis stands at the beginning of the discipline of cognitive neuroscience.
Modern science is essentially concerned with the question of whether the brain works as a whole or in independent parts. In the nineteenth century, Gall and Spurzheim developed phrenology, based on Willis' proposition that isolated brain damage could affect behavior. Proponents of phrenology state that every part of the brain is involved in a specific function, such as language and personality traits. A total of 35 specific functions were distinguished. The fundamental idea of phrenology is that if a function is used more often, the corresponding part of the brain will grow, creating a bump. The personality could then also be determined by externally examining these bumps. Gall called this anatomical personology. He did not test his ideas, but his idea of specific functions and specific brain parts is in line with Willis' idea.
Flourens investigated the work of Gall. Based on animal research, he believed that the entire brain plays a role in behavior. He damaged the brains of animals and discovered that some parts of the brain were indeed responsible for specific functions, but that other functions, such as memory or cognition, were scattered throughout the brain. He concluded from this that the brain functioned as a whole. He called this idea the aggregate field theory.
Hughlings Jackson observed patients with brain damage and arrived at a topographical organization of the cerebral cortex; every physical function in the body was
.....read moreThis bundle describes a summary of the book "Cognitive Neuroscience, the biology of the mind, by M. Gazzaniga (fourth edition)". The following chapters are used:
- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 5/6/14 (combination).
"Behavior is the only objective measure of the psyche"
This statement is:
What is the name of the issue of whether properties are genetically or environmentally determined?
What is the question of whether the mind and body coexist, or whether the mind is an experience of the brain, called?
Indicate which of these statements is / are correct or incorrect.
I. Da Vinci thought that all sensory information arrived in one part of the brain.
II. Descartes thought that the body and the mind influenced each other.
Which answer is incorrect?
The belief that behavior is caused by unconscious mental processes that we are not aware of is called:
Indicate which of these statements is / are correct or incorrect.
I. According to Darwin, species change through targeted, specific gene mutations.
II. Darwin called the idea that species with favorable hereditary traits have an advantage over species that do not have these traits.
"Behavior is the only objective measure of the psyche"
This statement is:
What is the name of the issue of whether properties are genetically or environmentally determined?
What is the question of whether the mind and body coexist, or whether the mind is an experience of the brain, called?
Indicate which of these statements is / are correct or incorrect.
I. Da Vinci thought that all sensory information arrived in one part of the brain.
II. Descartes thought that the body and the mind influenced each other.
Which answer is incorrect?
The belief that behavior is caused by unconscious mental processes that we are not aware of is called:
Indicate which of these statements is / are correct or incorrect.
I. According to Darwin, species change through targeted, specific gene mutations.
II. Darwin called the idea that species with favorable hereditary traits have an advantage over species that do not have these traits.
What does phrenology mean?
Explain what rationalism and empiricism entails.
What are the things cognitive neuroscience is a combination of?
Why is there a major progress in cognitive neuroscience in the second half of the twentieth century?
Phrenologists believed that specific brain areas were specialized for special functions. If a function were to be used more often, the related brain area would grow and cause a lump on the skull. By reading the lumps on the skull, phrenologists believed they could investigate someone's skills and personality traits.
Rationalism states that knowledge comes from reasoning. From empirism came the idea of associationism: the opinion that all knowledge comes from sensory experience.
The term cognitive neuroscience was introduced in the 1970s when ideas of neurology and psychology were brought together. Cognition means the process of understanding and neuroscience studies the organization and function of the nervous system.
Through the emergence of non-invasive methods to investigate brain structure, metabolism and brain function, such as ECG, CAT, PET, MRI and fMRI.
What is the difference between dendrites and axons?
What is myelin and what does it take care of?
What is the difference between depolarization and hyperpolarization?
There are four criteria that a substance must meet to get the name neurotransmitter. Name these criteria.
When neurotransmitters have done their job, they must be removed from the synaptic cleft. In what ways does this happen?
What is the role
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