Plasmids are fascinating extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, and sometimes in archaea and eukaryotes. Unlike chromosomal DNA, which holds the essential blueprint for an organism, plasmids are independent genetic elements that can replicate on their own. What are the key features of pla...

Metabolomics delves into the fascinating world of metabolites. These are the small molecule substrates, intermediates, and products of cellular metabolism, the intricate network of chemical reactions keeping organisms alive. By studying the metabolome, the complete collection of metabolites within a...

Proteomics is the science dedicated to comprehensively studying proteomes. A proteome refers to the entire set of proteins produced by an organism, system, or even a specific cell at a particular time. Unlike genes in genomics, which remain relatively constant, the proteome is dynamic and reflects t...

Transcriptomics is the field of science devoted to studying the transcriptome. The transcriptome is the entire collection of RNA molecules within a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific point in time. It essentially represents a snapshot of the genes that are currently being expressed, offering a ...