Communication, marketing, pr and sales - Theme
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Summary with the article: The role of the self in responses to health communications: a cultural perspective by Sherman et. al. (2011)
Health problems are of a pancultural nature and because of this, some researchers think that there might be a pancultural health solution. Every country needs to deal with problems of oral health, smoking-related illnesses and many other problems. Many problems arise from issues of self-regulation and health problems can be changed by changing health behaviours. Researchers need to find a way to put health communications together with dimensions of the self, in order to change health behaviours. In this article, the writers argue that a cultural consideration of the self can help create more effective health messages. A cultural consideration of the
.........Read moreSummary with the article: Social interaction with computers. An interpretation of Weizenbaum's ELIZA an her heritage by Pruijt (2006). Illustrating some aspects of early artificial intelligence research.
It is not difficult to see that automation is on the rise. But people ask themselves what the limits are. There have been many debates about this subject. One contribution to this debate is ELIZA. This is a chatterbot. ELIZA played a role in the debate on artificial intelligence in the 1970s. It was especially used to show that artificial intelligence can hardly be more than simulated rather than emulated intelligence. ELIZA still exists and recently took part in a discussion on identity and online interaction, the future of narrative and emotional design. ELIZA is not so technically sophisticated, but became popular because the social interaction with computers. The aim of the writers is to provide more information on ELIZA and to
.........Read moreSummary with the article: The communicative functions of paralanguage and prosody van Street (1990).
Sometimes people don’t listen to what you say, but to how you say it. The acoustic elements in speech help listeners to interpret the speakers characteristics and intentions. Non-verbal speech is usually called prosody and paralanguage and has been widely studied in psychology, linguistics and communication sciences. There are four paradigms were studies of non-verbal speech stem from. The first one is that interest in physiology of sound production. This means that researchers study the interrelationships between muscle systems, facial characteristics and the volume. The second one is the study of language attitudes. Researchers have studied correlates of speech styles. An example of this is to see how people evaluate different speck accents. The third paradigm is the study of personal characteristics in vocal behavior. Researchers have found that extraverts pause less than introverts. The
.........Read moreSummary with the article: Perceptual attributes of voice: development and use of rating scales van Gelfer (1988)
Voice judgements of a listener are not easy. In a study that compared different studies on voice description terms, only 2 of the 27 terms on total, ‘horse’ and ‘nasal’, were used in all of the studies. Defining a normal voice is especially hard, and researchers busy with this definition almost never pay attention to listeners judgements.
There are a few scales available for measuring “normal” voices. These are:
System by Darley, Aronson and Brown
Sophisticated but hardly used for nonpathological speakers.
F.B. Wilson Voice Profile
Used by clinicians and also quite reliable, but same problem as mentioned earlier: hardly used for nonpathological speakers
Summary with the article: Turn-taking in conversations van Wiemann en Knapp (1975)
When we talk to someone, they have a certain role that we want to respect. One of these roles stands above all other: the role as a human being that deserves respect. In order to get and give respect, people have formed certain interaction rules. These rules are not written down, but everybody still knows them. Two examples of these rules:
If people violate these rules, it says something about their relationship and it’s also a sign of disrespect.
According to the article, two researchers (named Cushman and Whiting) have defined two types of rules for communication.
If a
.........Read moreSummary with the article on human interaction during conversation: Discrepancy arousal theory and cognitive valence theory by Guerrero et. al (2001).
Researchers have found that the behavior of one individual influences the behavior of another individual when they interact with each other during a conversation. Certain messages between these people will become similar over time. This article will focus on explaining, comparing and giving critique on two popular communication theories of mutual influence. These are the discrepancy arousal theory (DAT) and the cognitive valence theory (CVT). These theories see arousal change as the cause of adaptation processes. The level of arousal change predicts how one person adapts to another person’s behavior. Adaptation is the process whereby people’s verbal and non-verbal behaviors are influences by
.........Read moreSummary with the article: Communication accommodation theory van Shepard et. al. (2001)
The study of language has been studies across different disciplines, such as social psychology, sociolinguistics, sociology and communication. The communication accommodation theory (CAT) is an important theoretical perspective for these four areas of research. The CAT is an interdisciplinary model of relational processes in communicative interaction. This theory contains different context and behaviors of verbal and non-verbal varieties and attitudes and perceptions. The theory was originally developed as a sociopsychological model to explain modifications in speech style during interactions and was called the speech accommodation theory (SAT). SAT proposed that social cognitive processes mediate the relationship of communicative behavior and interaction and that individual motivations was the driving force behind
.........Read moreMensen hebben nogal eens meningsverschillen. Er is sprake van een meningsverschil als er een standpunt is dat niet gedeeld wordt door verschillende mensen. Ook is er sprake van een meningsverschil wanneer een partij twijfelt aan het standpunt van de andere partij. Er komt dan vaak een discussie tot er overeenstemming
.........Read moreSamenvattingen per hoofdstuk bij de 6e druk van Argumentatie: Inleiding in het analyseren en beoordelen van betogen van Van Eemeren & Snoeck Henkemans 'Argumentatie. Inleiding in het analyseren, beoordelen en houden van betogen' is geschreven door een tweetal schrijvers: Frans Van Eemeren e...
Communication sciences, in this context, delve into the scientific underpinnings of human communication, focusing on speech, language, and hearing. This field equips professionals to diagnose and treat disorders that affect these vital aspects of communication. What are the main features of com...
A conversation is a dynamic, back-and-forth exchange of information, ideas, and feelings between two or more people. It's a collaborative process where participants not only express themselves but also actively listen and respond to each other. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects: What are the mai...
Samenvattingen per hoofdstuk bij de 6e druk van Argumentatie: Inleiding in het analyseren en beoordelen van betogen van Van Eemeren & Snoeck Henkemans 'Argumentatie. Inleiding in het analyseren, beoordelen en houden van betogen' is geschreven door een tweetal schrijvers: Frans Van Eemeren e...
Communication sciences, in this context, delve into the scientific underpinnings of human communication, focusing on speech, language, and hearing. This field equips professionals to diagnose and treat disorders that affect these vital aspects of communication. What are the main features of com...
A conversation is a dynamic, back-and-forth exchange of information, ideas, and feelings between two or more people. It's a collaborative process where participants not only express themselves but also actively listen and respond to each other. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects: What are the mai...
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A conversation is a dynamic, back-and-forth exchange of information, ideas, and feelings between two or more people. It's a collaborative process where participants not only express themselves but also actively listen and respond to each other. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects:
Studeer jij marketing, communicatie of bedrijfskunde? Er zijn verschillende interessante stagemogelijkheden op Curaçao voor jouw studierichting. Check bijvoorbeeld deze HBO meeloopstage. Als stagiair Product & Marketing draai je mee binnen een organisatie die o.a. voordelige tickets,...
Een discussie is een uitwisseling van gedachten, meningen. Als je discussieert, verschil je van mening met een ander en wil je die persoon overtuigen van de juistheid van jouw standpunt. 25 Tips om zo zinvol mogelijk te discussiëren.
Studeer jij marketing, communicatie of bedrijfskunde? Er zijn verschillende interessante stagemogelijkheden op Curaçao voor jouw studierichting. Check bijvoorbeeld deze HBO meeloopstage. Als stagiair Product & Marketing draai je mee binnen een organisatie die o.a. voordelige tickets,...
Heb jij altijd al eens een buitenlandervaring op willen doen? Dan is dit wellicht je kans. In het zuiden van Spanje, omgeving Málaga en Sevilla, zijn er diverse stageplekken beschikbaar voor studenten markeing & communicatie. Ga bijvoorbeeld aan de slag bij een tourorganisatie, groothande...
Flashcards en definities bij Professionele Gespreksvoering Online flashcards bij Professionele Gespreksvoering
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