There are three forms of prevention. Primary prevention is a method to keep people healthy for as long as possible. The target group of this form of prevention is healthy people. Secondary prevention focuses on finding early signs of an illness. This is done by screening and early treatment. The symptoms that may occur are still reversible at
........Read moreHealth Belief Model
The Health Belief Model is a model based on fear and it is used to explain and predict health-related behaviours. According to this model, people’s beliefs about health problems, perceived benefits of action and barriers to action, and self-efficacy explain engagement (or lack of engagement) in health-promoting behaviour. Demographic variables, like age,
........Read moreThis week is about chronic diseases. A chronic disease is a long-term disease which won’t go away. Examples of chronic diseases are RA, diabetes, heart diseases, (most types of) cancer, asthma, psoriasis, epilepsy, Crohn’s disease, Bechterew’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Apart from physiological consequences, psychological consequences may occur as well, like stress, anxiety, depression and anger.
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Interview
During a first interview the psychologist talks to the patient about their chronic disorders or their medical somatic complaints. It is an interview to orientate what you can mean to the patient and their complaints, to get an overview of their complaints and to develop a treatment plan. The role of the psychologist is to
........Read moreStress influences functioning on different levels: cognitive, emotional and physical. These three levels of functioning all influence each other as well, causing a vicious cycle.
Stress management is an intervention which can break this vicious cycle, by influencing physical processes, giving more feelings of control, changing cognitions and reducing anxieties. During the workgroup three types of stress
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Literature summaries with Health and Medical Psychology - UL
Lecture notes with Health and Medical Psychology at Leiden University - 2015/2016Health psychology focuses on the relationship between the body and the mind, dealing with chronic diseases, revalidation, eHealth, prevention, promotion of healthy lifestyle, stress and stress-related diseases among many other things.
Primary prevention focuses on healthy people who are not (yet) sick at all and how to keep it that way. Secondary prevention comes after the first few symptoms of a disease have shown, but they are treated in an early stage. Tertiary prevention comes after later, irreversible symptoms have shown and has to do with revalidation.
Health has more than one point of view. It can be seen as not being ill, being strong, healthy behaviour, fitness, mental health, being able to function and do what you want, etc. The World Health Organisation defines health as shown on slide 15.
As there are different views on health, there are different models on health as well. For example, the biomedical model is a dualistic model, where psychological and physical illness can be explained by physical factors. However, in this model there is no room for psychological factors causing illness. Becoming ill has to do with the immune system not being able to protect you against contagious agents when exposed to them.
The biopsychosocial model contains three approaches that together form health: biology, psychology and social context (see slide 19). In this model, both body and mind cause diseases or health. There is a lot of interaction between these two. The biopsychosocial model states that there are several factors of a long life. How long your life is depends on: sleep, food, weight, exercise, alcohol use and smoking.
According to Matarazzo, there are two types of health behaviour: behavioural pathogens are bad for your health, e.g. substance use, whereas behavioural immunogens are good for your health (e.g. exercise).
Why we should change behaviour:
Health behaviour has a relation with mortality. Lifestyle can decline diseases: the mortality rates for certain diseases declined before the medicine came! This is probably due to lifestyle change!
Health behaviour is linked to morbidity and life quality.
The prevalence of unhealthy behaviour is high. Many people show risky behaviour, for example: even though the government discourages smoking behaviour, still 28% of the adults smokes!
Differences between social economic statuses: differences in health behaviour between social-demographical groups can lead to bigger social-economic differences between
Practice Questions for Exam preparation - Health & Medical Psychology - UL B2/B3If you want to practice and test your knowledge on Health & Medical Psychology, you can do the practice tests based on each chapter of the book by Morrison and Bennett (4th edition). Check out the following weblinks:
Practice Questions for courses related to Health PsychologyIf you want to practice and test your knowledge on Health Psychology, you can do the practice tests from the following weblinks:
Summaries and study services for Psychology Bachelor 2/3 at Leiden University - Specialisation courses & Electives - Year 2022/2023
This bundle contains relevent study materials with the second and third year of the Psychology Bachelor programme, in Dutch and English for Leiden University. Do you have your own lecture notes or summaries to share? Make your fellow students happy and upload them to your own WorldSupporter profile.
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