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Practice questions
1. What is the aim of criterion-referenced tests?
The test person's score is compared with a relevant standardized sample.
The score of the test subject is compared to clearly defined criteria
The score of the test subject is compared with an earlier score of the same test subject on a comparable test.
None of the above
2. Standards are intended to...:
Be able to predict deviations.
Determine the validity of a test.
Compare the scores of participants.
Determine the reliability of a test.
3. What is meant by informed consent?
The method or test that is most common at the time of collection.
A report that is written directly and concretely.
The subjects are informed about the reasons for the test.
The researcher has sufficient knowledge to lead the test taking.
4. What is true about criterion-referenced tests?
Scores are compared with pre-set limits
Scores are compared with the performance levels of others
The tests are passed by everyone
None of the above answers is true
5. What is the purpose of standards?
providing an average performance indicator
the prevalence of high and low scores
help determine deviations from the expectation
all the above-mentioned options
6. It is important that the test leader takes care of 'report', what is this?
that the test leader keeps a comprehensive report and later evaluates with the client
that the test leader ensures that the client is well informed about the test
that the test leader creates a good rapport with participants.
none of the above answers
Chapter 2
7. Which test is a well-known personality test?
WISC-III
MMPI
FrSBe
CPT
8. This concept dates back to the 4th century BC. Assumes that one's character can be judged on the basis of external characteristics, especially the face. Which concept is discussed here?
Psychophysics
Phrenology
Physiognomy
Psychographer
9. Projective tests are heavily influenced by the ...
psychometrics
social learning theory
psychoanalytic theory
cognitive behavior
10. Which of the following tests is probably the most used individual test ever?
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
the California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R)
the Rorschach test
11. What is an aspect of fraud?
Lake Wobegon Effect
culture-sensitive testing
stereotyping
an 'out dated' method
12. Which order of occurrence is correct?
Wundt, Physiognomy, Gall, Binet
Physiognomy, Wundt, Gall, Binet
Wundt, Gall, physiognomy, Binet
Binet, physiognomy, Wundt, Gall
13. Thurstone drew up seven primary mental skills. Which does not belong here?
Word fluency
Associative memory
Inductive reasoning
Inhibitory power
14. Fill in: the average IQ is ___ (a) ___ and the corresponding standard deviation is ___ (b) ___ according to Wechsler. The average score at subtest level is ___ (c) ___ and the corresponding standard deviation is ___ (d) ___.
15. Put the correct measurement precedence at the correct subtest (WISC-III):
Subtest Measurement | provence |
A. Information | 1. Measure the working memory |
B. Digit span | 2. Measure the (work) memory |
C. Vocabulary | 3. Measure the spatial analysis and the visuo motore coordination |
D. Arithmetic | 4. Measure the ability to abstract reasoning |
E. Comprehension | 5. Measure the speed of visual information processing |
F. Similarities | 6. Measure the general intelligence |
G. Incomplete drawings | 7. Measure the written working memory and the photographic memory |
H. Substitution | 8. Measure the general skills and is the most important test on the scale Verbal Understanding |
I. Arranging images | 9. Measure the visual, general factual knowledge |
J. Figure lay | 10. Measure the speed and accuracy of visual-motor action |
K. Comparing symbols | 11. Measure the social intelligence |
L. Maze | 12. Measure the concrete ability of visual analysis |
M. Block patterns | 13. Measure the ability to visual reasoning |
16. Which of the following is NOT a primary mental ability, according to the theory of Thurstone?
verbal comprehension
emotional intelligence
associative memory
perceptual speed
17. Which skill is, within the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory, a typical example of crystallized intelligence?
cognitive processing speed
visual-spatial skill
emotional intelligence
vocabulary size
18. For the Wechsler tests, the standard deviation of IQ is always
5
10
15
20
19. Which Wechsler subtest is the best measurement tool for general skills?
Digit span
Arithmetic
Letter number sequence
Visual puzzles
20. The WISC has several versions. All versions of the WISC consist of at least the following sub-components:
verbal comprehension, conceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed
verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, short-term memory, processing speed
verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed
verbal comprehension, conceptual reasoning, short term memory, processing speed
21. With which populations is the Peabody picture vocalbulary test used?
With weak motor skills and problems with verbal utterances.
In children of foreign origin.
To establish the general level of intelligence.
With deaf children
22. For which target group is the Bayley III used?
Babies and toddlers (0-4 years)
Pre-school children (4-6 years)
Children (6-10 years)
Teenagers (10-16 years)
23. What criterion applies to determining an intellectual disability?
Social behavior can be characterized as 'strange'.
The person has difficulty expressing himself in a socially accepted way.
The level of intelligence must be fixed at 75 or lower and the person must have difficulty with behavioral adjustment.
None of the above.
24. What is true about the predictive value of infant tests?
if the scores are near normal or higher, these tests have little to no predictive value
in infants who score in the lowest few percentiles, the tests provide a valid prediction of a disability in childhood
both a and b are true
both a and b are not true
25. Which of the options below is NOT a scale of the Bayley III?
cognitive scale
motor scale
arithmetic scale
adaptive behavior scale
26. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4 has a high reliability, but not for ...
a. children under 10
b. children with cerebral anomalies
c. children with foreign origin
d. all the aforementioned
27. What is characteristic for a mental handicap?
significant limitations in intellectual functioning
impairments in adaptive behavior
problems that manifest themselves before the age of eight
all options mentioned above
28. Which skill is NOT covered by adaptive behavior?
conceptual skills
practical skills
spatial skills
social skills
29. The Bayley test of Infant Development is for children of any age?
1 month to 24 months
1 month to 30 months
1 month to 36 months
1 month to 42 months
Chapter 8
30.
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence has a great predictive capacity in the long term
Children with Rett syndrome have different characteristics at the outset
Which statement (s) is / are correct?
1 correct, 2 incorrect
2 correct, 1 incorrect
Both incorrect
Both correct
31. What is a good definition for character trait?
Every way in which an individual differs from another individual in the long term.
The reason that people of the same age express a certain type of behavior.
An explanation for strange behavior of individuals.
None of the above.
32. What does the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) measure?
Psychoticism
Extraversion
Neuroticism
All the above answers
33. What is a respected definition of the term "trait"?
every relatively constant way in which an individual distinguishes himself from other individuals
the causes of certain behavior in people of the same age
a hypothetical explanation for inconsistent behavior of individuals
none of the above possibilities
34. Which of the options below is NOT a 'Big Five' personality factor?
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Sensation-seeking
Agreeableness
35. The main resource used by the TAT is:
ink stains
a tower
focus of concentration
images
Chapter 9
36.
At all Wechsler testing is the standard deviation 15.
In research into stable personality, a longitudinal study is best.
Which statement (s) is / are correct?
1 is true, 2 is false
2 is true, 1 is false
both are false
Both are correct
Chapter 10
(1) Unclear and vague speech, the language concept is intact; (2) A disturbed language concept
(1) A disturbed language concept; (2) Unclear and slow speech, the language concept is intact
(1) Wordfinding problems; (2) Reading problems
(1) Reading problems; (2) Word Finding Problems
38. What is sometimes compared to a spotlight that our brains use to determine what is relevant, and to ignore what is irrelevant?
Realization
Consciousness
Attention
Visual Search
39. Generally, language functions in the brain are...
left lateralized
averaged over both hemispheres
right lateralized
directly related to handedness
40. Which test batteries are the two main approaches in neuropsychological assessment?
fluid & crystallized
standardized & subjective
objective & projective
patient-centered; standard
41. Which of the following tests is NOT an attention test?
test of daily attention (Test of Everyday Attention)
Continuous Performance Test
Porch Communication Ability
None of the above options measures attention
42. Where would a clinical study for aphasia NOT focus on?
spontaneous speech
finding words
language comprehension
vocabulary
43. What kind of aphasia is described here ?:
'The understanding of meaning is difficult, but language can be spoken fluently'.
Broca's aphasia
Motor aphasia
Sensory aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia
44. What test does investigate long-term thinking of children?
15 words test
Tower of London
Corsi Block Tapping test
Marshmallow test
Chapter 11
They are not sufficiently skilled verbally and have insufficient self-insight.
They are afraid of the opinion of the researcher.
The emotions of children change too much.
They tend to conceal or lie about things.
Conceptual, practical and social skills.
Behavior that occurs when executive functioning develops.
Behavior that is caused by a strong emotion.
None of the above.
47. When the validity of biodata and cognitive ability tests is compared for what concerns their predictive capacity for training, it is often found that ...
biodata work better than cognitive ability tests
cognitive ability tests work better than biodata
biodata and cognitive ability tests work just as well
neither biodata nor cognitive capacity tests work very well for students
48. Behavior Research is generally the most used in the following population:
children
young adults
middle-aged adults
elderly
49. What is the main reason that children find it difficult to talk about their own feelings or behaviors?
limited insight
limited verbal abilities / language development
Both a and b.
Neither a nor b.
50. What is NOT a drawback of behavioral questionnaires?
they are a bad method to diagnose externalizing problems
they are a bad method to diagnose internalizing problems
they are dependent on response sets of participants
they often include ambiguous terms which make the frequency of measurements subjective.
51. What is the result of a response set?
reduction of validity
reduction reliability
reduction sensitivity
reduction specificity
52. Who will fill in a behavioral assessment scale for a child?
the child itself
the parents
the parents & the teacher
the researcher
53. Classification is a way to subdivide test subjects into categories. What is the correct order for classification?
screening, installation, certification, selection,
placement, screening, certification, selection,
placement, selection, certification, screening
screening, certification, deployment, selection
54. CASE is a good example of ...
an 18+ measuring instrument
a scale that measures the misuse of resources
an omnibus measuring scale
all the above options
55. The BASC-2 includes:
TRS
PRF
TRF & PRF
TRS and PRS
56. Which the following statements are not true?
From the CBCL no diagnoses can be made
There are 2 versions of the CBCL
CBCL is completed by both parents and teachers
CBCL is subjective
57. What is the difference between a clinical and an actuarial judgment?
A clinical judgment is based on empirical knowledge; an actuarial judgment uses experience, intuition and knowledge of the researcher.
A clinical judgment makes use of the experience, intuition and knowledge of the researcher; an actuarial judgment is based on empirical knowledge.
A clinical judgment only uses test scores; in an actuarial investigation only use is made of research observations.
The clinical judgment is a better statistical predictor than the actuarial judgment.
58. What applies to the CAT test?
The test is taken in groups.
The test is non-verbal.
The test is a good measure for measuring the personality.
The test is taken on the computer.
59. What is it called when a psychologist uses her experience, intuition and study knowledge to determine whether a client may have a depression?
an actuarial judgment
a standardized opinion
a clinical judgment
a statistical opinion
60. Extreme scores are tested in some tests. What is true about extreme scores in computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) compared to the traditional way of testing?
The extreme scores are less accurate in CAT than in traditional methods of testing
The extreme scores are more accurate in CAT than in traditional methods of testing
The extreme scores in CAT are as accurate as in traditional methods of testing
The extreme scores in CAT show more regression to the mean than in traditional ways of testing.
Correct answers
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This summary is based on the customized edition of Psychological Testing and Assessment - Van der Molen - Leiden University. This book, and hence this summary, is composed of chapters from different books. By clicking on the provided links, you can access the different parts of the summary. The summary is based on the obligatory literature, needed to prepare for the exam of the course "Psychodiagnostics (Psychology, Leiden University)".
Practice questions
1. What is the aim of criterion-referenced tests?
The test person's score is compared with a relevant standardized sample.
The score of the test subject is compared to clearly defined criteria
The score of the test subject is compared with an earlier score of the same test subject on a comparable test.
None of the above
2. Standards are intended to...:
Be able to predict deviations.
Determine the validity of a test.
Compare the scores of participants.
Determine the reliability of a test.
3. What is meant by informed consent?
The method or test that is most common at the time of collection.
A report that is written directly and concretely.
The subjects are informed about the reasons for the test.
The researcher has sufficient knowledge to lead the test taking.
4. What is true about criterion-referenced tests?
Scores are compared with pre-set limits
Scores are compared with the performance levels of others
The tests are passed by everyone
None of the above answers is true
5. What is the purpose of standards?
providing an average performance indicator
the prevalence of high and low scores
help determine deviations from the expectation
all the above-mentioned options
6. It is important that the test leader takes care of 'report', what is this?
that the test leader keeps a comprehensive report and later evaluates with the client
that the test leader ensures that the client is well informed about the test
that the test leader creates a good rapport with participants.
none of the above answers
Chapter 2
7. Which test is a well-known personality test?
WISC-III
MMPI
FrSBe
CPT
8. This concept dates back to the 4th century BC. Assumes that one's character can be judged on the basis of
.....read moreOefenmateriaal te gebruiken bij het vak Psychodiagnostiek aan de Universiteit Leiden.
Deze samenvatting is gebaseerd op het studiejaar 2013-2014.
Argumentatie | In deze fase worden de uitkomsten van het onderzoek naast de hypotheses en voorspellingen gelegd |
Diagnose Behandel Combinaties (DBC’s) | Hierbij wordt op een efficiënte manier een diagnose gesteld, waarna een protocollaire behandeling volgt die evidence-based en diagnosespecifiek is |
Diagnostisch scenario | De basis hiervan wordt gevormd door de hulpvraag, aanvraag en de reflectie van de diagnosticus |
Diagnostische cyclus | Bestaat uit observatie, inductie, deductie, toetsing en evaluatie |
Evaluatie | De evaluatie van de conclusies over de diagnose en/ of de behandeling. Deze evaluatie maakt onder andere gebruik van de uitkomsten van de behandeling |
Indicatie | Gaat over of de cliënt behandeling nodig heeft en zo ja, welke vorm van hulpverlening het beste past bij de cliënt en zijn hulpvraag. Dit noemen we ook wel de indicatievraag |
Onderkenning | Het in beeld brengen en beschrijven van de problematiek, de classificatie in stoornissen of disfunctionele gedragsclusters en het inschatten van de ernst van de problematiek |
Predictie | Het gaat erom voorspellingen te kunnen doen over het probleemgedrag in de toekomst. Deze kansuitspraken dragen bij aan de keuze voor een bepaalde behandeling |
Verklaring | Een verklaring van het probleem; ligt dit bij de persoon zelf of de situatie? Verklaringen kunnen verder worden ingedeeld naar aard van controle, naar oorzaak en reden |
Verslag / rapportage | Het verslag is in eerste instantie bedoeld om de conclusies die de diagnosticus op basis van het onderzoek getrokken heeft, te beargumenteren en deze te communiceren naar de verwijzer en dient duidelijk te maken wat feiten, wat interpretaties en wat conclusies |
Deze bundel helpt je navigeren door de studiematerialen voor de verplichte vakken van Psychologie Leiden jaar 2 die geplaatst zijn door 'Psychologie World Supporter'. Blijf op de hoogte van de nieuwste studiematerialen door mij te volgen maar vooral ook je medestudenten die actief zijn op WorldSupporter!
This summary is based on the customized edition of Psychological Testing and Assessment - Van der Molen - Leiden University. This book, and hence this summary, is composed of chapters from different books. By clicking on the provided links, you can access the different parts of the summary. The summary is based on the obligatory literature, needed to prepare for the exam of the course "Psychodiagnostics (Psychology, Leiden University)".
Item Response Theory (IRT), also known as latent-trait theory, is a family of theories and methods that provides a way to model the probability that a person with X ability (e.g., a particular personality trait) is able to perform (e.g., on a personality test) at a level of Y.
IRT is not a single method or theory. Instead, IRT is a family of theories and methods, comprising well over a hundred different models. Each model as its own assumptions and data characteristics to handle data. There are, for instance, IRT models designed specifically for tests with dichotomous test items (yes/no, true/false). Other models are specifically designed to for tests polytomous items (test items with three or more answer categories). Another important group of IRT models is developed by the Danish mathematician George Rash. He developed the so-called Rasch model in which each item on the test is assumed to have an equivalent relationship with the ability, or whatever construct is being measured by the test.
Two very important characteristics in IRT are: (1) the difficulty level of an item; (2) the discrimination of an item's level. Difficulty refers to the attribute of not being easily accomplished, solved, or comprehended. Discrimination refers to the degree to which an item differentiaties among people with higher of lower levels of the trait, ability, or whatever construct is being measured.
IRT differs in important ways from classical test theory (CTT). First of all, in CTT, no assumptions are made about the frequency distribution of test scores. In contrast, such assumptions are inherent in IRT. More specifically, for most applications in educational and psychological testing, there are three assumptions made regarding the data to be analyzed within an IRT framework. Those three assumptions are: (1) unidimensionality; (2) local independence; (3) monotonicity.
In practice, IRT models tend to be robust, which implies that they can handle minor violations of these three assumptions. Still, the better the data meets the assumptions, the better the IRT model will fit the data and provide insight into the construct of interest.
Finally, two more definitions are discussed. First, the probabilistic relationship between a test taker's response to an item of the test and the testtaker's level of the latent construct being measures can be expressed in a graphic form by an Item Characteristics Curve (ICC). For each response category a unique curve will be plotted. Next, in such a plot, the vertical axis indicates the probability
.....read morePractice questions
1. What is the aim of criterion-referenced tests?
The test person's score is compared with a relevant standardized sample.
The score of the test subject is compared to clearly defined criteria
The score of the test subject is compared with an earlier score of the same test subject on a comparable test.
None of the above
2. Standards are intended to...:
Be able to predict deviations.
Determine the validity of a test.
Compare the scores of participants.
Determine the reliability of a test.
3. What is meant by informed consent?
The method or test that is most common at the time of collection.
A report that is written directly and concretely.
The subjects are informed about the reasons for the test.
The researcher has sufficient knowledge to lead the test taking.
4. What is true about criterion-referenced tests?
Scores are compared with pre-set limits
Scores are compared with the performance levels of others
The tests are passed by everyone
None of the above answers is true
5. What is the purpose of standards?
providing an average performance indicator
the prevalence of high and low scores
help determine deviations from the expectation
all the above-mentioned options
6. It is important that the test leader takes care of 'report', what is this?
that the test leader keeps a comprehensive report and later evaluates with the client
that the test leader ensures that the client is well informed about the test
that the test leader creates a good rapport with participants.
none of the above answers
Chapter 2
7. Which test is a well-known personality test?
WISC-III
MMPI
FrSBe
CPT
8. This concept dates back to the 4th century BC. Assumes that one's character can be judged on the basis of
.....read moreThis bundle contains relevent study materials with the second and third year of the Psychology Bachelor programme, in Dutch and English for Leiden University. Do you have your own lecture notes or summaries to share? Make your fellow students happy and upload them to your own WorldSupporter profile.
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