Bodily Maps of Emotions - Nummenmaa - 2014 - Article
Emotions are often experienced as bodily sensations. Studies have found that the way we respond to emotions help us adapt to our ever changing environment. Several models have stated that we experience subjective emotional feelings because of our bodily sensations. This helps us to over think our behaviour and adjust it to the situation. However, it is still debated whether the bodily sensations are specific enough to elicit different emotions.
The experiments
This article presents a study of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a computer program that showed participants two silhouettes with emotional words, stories, movies or facial expressions. Participants were then asked to colour the regions of the silhouette in which they thought their activity would change (both increase or decrease). It was found that different emotions were associated with clearly separated bodily sensations. Five experiments were conducted with 36-302 participants each. During first the experiment, the participants had to name bodily sensations associated with the six basic emotions, seven more complex emotions and a neutral state. To control for the possibility that the participants would report stereotypical bodily sensations with a specific emotion, emotions were induced by guided mental imagery based on stories (experiment 2) of viewing movies (experiment 3). The fourth experiment presented the participants with pictures of six basic facial expressions (without naming the emotion) and asked to colour bodily sensations on a presented silhouette. In the final experiment, participants were given the coloured silhouettes by others and were asked to name the emotion that would come with these bodily changes.
Outcomes
The results reveal distinct bodily sensations for both basic and complex emotions. This seems to be consistent between different cultures.
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Study guide with articlesummaries for Emotion and Cognition at Leiden University - 2020/2021
Articlesummaries with Emotion and Cognition at Leiden University
Table of content
- Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Regulated Emotional Responding
- Mimicking emotions
- What is an Animal Emotion?
- Perspectives from affective science on understanding the nature of emotion
- Emotional Expressions Beyond Facial Muscle Actions
- Emotion Processing Deficits: A Liability Spectrum - Kret & Ploeger
- Bonobos (Pan Paniscus) show an attentional bias towards conspecificss - Kret, Jaasma, Bionda, & Wijnen
- Bodily Influences on Emotional Feelings
- Emotion’s Response Patterns
- Bodily Maps of Emotions
- Cognitive reappraisal of emotion: a meta-analysis of human neuroimaging studies
- Human feelings: why are some more aware than others?
- The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex
- A theory of unconscious thought
- Affect, Mood, and Emotion
- Impaired Theory of Mind for Moral Judgment in High-Functioning Autism
- Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives
- The rol of emotion in moral psychology
- Pupil Mimicry Correlates with Trust
- Mood-dependent Memory: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- The autonomic nervous system and emotion
- Emotions as a mechanism for boundedly rational agents: The fast and frugal way
- Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes
- How do emotion and motivation direct executive control?
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