This bundle contains a summary for the fourth interim exam of the course "Research Methods & Statistics" given at the University of Amsterdam. It contains the books: "Statistics, the art and science of learning from data by A. Agresti (third edition)" with the chapters:
- 3, 12, 14, 15.
It also contains additional information on Bayesian statistics.
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THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TWO CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
When analysing data the first step is to distinguish between the response variable and the explanatory variable. The response variable is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made. If the explanatory variable is categorical, it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values for the response variable. If
MODEL HOW TWO VARIABLES ARE RELATED
A regression line is a straight line that predicts the value of a response variable ‘y’ from the value of an explanatory variable ‘x’. The correlation is a summary measure of association. The regression line uses the following formula:
The data
........Read moreONE-WAY ANOVE: COMPARING SEVERAL MEANS
The inferential method for comparing means of several groups is called analysis of variance, also called ANOVA. Categorical explanatory variables in multiple regression and in ANOVA are referred to as factors, also known as independent variables. An ANOVA with only one independent variable is called a one-way ANOVA.
Evidence against
........Read moreCOMPARE TWO GROUPS BY RANKING
Nonparametric statistical methods are inferential methods that do not assume a particular form of distribution (e.g: the assumption of a normal distribution) for the population distribution. The Wilcoxon test is the best known nonparametric method. Nonparametric methods are useful when the data are ranked and when the assumption of normality is inappropriate.
Probability refers to the proportion of occurrence when a particular experiment is repeated infinitely often under different circumstances. It is a long-term relative frequency, does not apply to unique events and is dependent on the reference category.
Subjective probability refers to the subjective degree of conviction in a hypothesis. Objective probability refers to the long-term relative
........Read more
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