Tehran Hostages (Verenigde Staten v. Iran) - Arrest

Tehran Hostages (Verenigde Staten v. Iran) (ICJ 24-05-1980, EIL 481 (468, 418))

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Vienna conventions van 1961 en 1963.

Casus

In 1979 werd tijdens de Iraanse revolutie de Amerikaanse ambassade bezet door Iraanse demonstranten. Deze gijzelden het ambassadepersoneel en namen documenten in beslag. De VS daagt Iran voor het Internatinale Gerechtshof.

Rechtsvraag

Heeft Iran zijn verplichting als ontvangende staat ten opzichte van de VS geschonden door de schadelijke gebeurtenissen bij de ambassade, dan wel door niets te doen om de situatie erna te doen eindigen? Het gaat hier specifiek om diplomatieke en consulaire bescherming door het ontvangende land.

Rechtsoverweging

Volgens het ICJ gaat het in casu om twee feiten:

  • De bestorming en inname van de Amerikaanse ambassade

  • Het laten voortduren van de gijzeling van de medewerkers van de ambassade

Iran heeft volgens het ICJ inderdaad met betrekking tot de inname van de ambassade zijn plichten ten opzichte van diplomatieke immuniteit geschonden. De ambassade vroeg herhaaldelijk om hulp, maar Iran gaf deze hulp niet en deden geen enkele moeite om de demonstraten tegen te houden en uit de ambassade te verwijderen. Dit gebrek aan handelen is een schending van de Weense Conventie.

Het tweede feit, het laten voortduren van de gijzeling, levert eveneens een schending van de Weense Conventie op door Iran. Iran verrichte geen handelingen om de gijzeling te laten stoppen en de goedkeuring die Iran hiermee aan de gijzeling geeft, levert een schending op.

 

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